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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Genetika adalah bidang sains yang mempelajari... |
Hereditas dan variasinya |
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Apa itu hereditas? |
Penerusan sifat dari satu generasi ke generasi berikutnya |
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Apa itu variasi? |
Perbedaan in appearance that keturunan show from parents dan siblings |
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Apa itu kromosom homolog? |
2 kromosom di setiap pair. Memiliki kesamaan panjang, posisi sentromer, dan membawa gen yg mengontrol karakter warisan yg sama |
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Tunjukkan yg mana yg disebut kromosom homolog, sister kromatid, kromosom, kromatin, sentromer |
Tau lah yaa.. |
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Kromosom sex disebut... |
X dan Y |
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Human female have a homologus pair of .... chromosome |
X (XX) |
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Human males have one ..... and one .... chromosome |
X, Y |
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What is autosome? |
22 pasang kromosom yg not determine sex |
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22 pasang kromosom yg not determine sex disebut... |
Autosom |
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46 chromosome in a human somatic cell are two sets of 23. One from .... and one from ... |
Mother, father |
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Apa itu sel diploid (2n)? |
Sel yg punya 2 set kromosom |
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Sel yg punya 2 set kromosom disebut... |
Sel diploid |
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Apa itu sel haploid? |
Sel yg punya 1 set kromosom (ga ada pasangan homolognya) |
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Jelaskan gambar |
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Is gamet haploid or diploid? |
Haploid |
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The sex chromosome in unfertilized egg is... |
X |
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Sex chromosome in sperm cell is... |
X or Y |
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What is fertilization? |
The union of gametes |
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What is fertilization? |
The union of gametes |
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Fertilized egg is called... |
Zigot |
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Apa itu zigot? |
Fertilized egg. Punya 2 set kromosom. 1 set dr each parent |
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How a zigot berkembang into adult? |
Zigot memproduksi sel somatik by mitosis |
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Berapa set kromosom yg dihasilkan meiosis sebuah sel menjadi sel gamet? |
1 set |
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Bagaimana bisa meiosis dan fertilisasi mempertankan jmlh kromosom? |
Kromosom kan 2 set. Trus dimitosis jadi 1 set. Fertiliasi berarti dri 2 sel gamet = 1 set + 1 set = 2 set Kalo ga dimitosis. Maka 2 set + 2 set = 4 set Kalo dimitosis tpi ga difertiliasi brrti 1 set |
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Suatu sel somatik jika dimeiosis akan menjadi sel gamet. Benar atau salah? |
Benar |
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Siklus hidup tumb dan bbrp alga namanya... |
Pergiliran generasi (alternation of generation) |
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Jelaskan alternation of generation/pergiliran generasi! |
Siklus ini mengandung diploid dan haploid multiseluler stage. Organisme diploid, called sporofit makes spora haploid by meiosis. The haploid spore grows by mitosis menjadi organisme haploid yg disebut gametofit. Gametofit membuat gamet haploid dgn mitosis. Fertilisasi menyebabkan diploid sporofit |
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Most fungi and some protist adalah organisme haploid multiseluler. Jelaskan siklus hidupnya. |
Diploid stagenya hanya ketika membentuk zigot. Zigot diploid kmudian bermeiosis menjadi haploid. Haploid sel berkembang dgn mitosis menjadi haploid multiseluler organisme. Haploid adult produces gamet by mitosis |
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Can haploid cells undergo meiosis? |
Nope |
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Meiosis result in how many daughter cells? |
Four |
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Apa itu alel? |
Gen dalam kromosom homolog yg mengatur karakteristik untuk sifat yg sama. Terletak di lokus yg sama Misalnya alel untuk kulit. Kulit putih di satu kromosom dan kulit kuning di kromosom homolognya. |
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Meosis I results? |
2 haploid daughter cells. Sister kromatid masih bersatu |
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Apa itu reductional division? |
Pembelahan meiosis I ketika homolog pair dipisah. Dari 2n menjadi n |
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Meiosis II results in? |
4 haploid daughter cells. No sister chromatid. |
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Apa itu equational division? |
Pembelahan meiosis II dimana sister kromatid berpisah |
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Pembelahan meiosis I ketika homolog pair dipisah (dari 2n menjadi n) disebut... |
Reductional division |
..... division |
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Pembelahan meiosis II dimana sister kromatid berpisah disebut.... |
Equational division |
..... division |
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Meiosis I didahului interphase, dmn... |
Kromosom direplikasi membentuk sister kromatid |
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Apa itu tahap sinapsis? |
Tahap dmn homolog pairs berpasangan |
Profase I |
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Apa yg terjadi saat cross over? |
Nonsister chromatids exchange DNA segment |
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Apa itu tetrad? |
A group of four chromatids (sister chromatids and its homolog) |
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A group of four chromatids is called... |
Tetrad |
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Apa itu kiasmata? (Singular = kiasma) |
X shaped region di tetrad where crossing over occured |
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Metaphase 1 is the step when... |
Tetrads line up at the metaphase plate |
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Is there a chromosome replication between the end of meiosis I and the beginning of meiosis II? Why? |
Nope, bcs the chromosomes are already replicated |
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Are sister chromatids in meiosis II genetically identical? Why? |
Nope. Bcs crossing over had occured in meiosis I |
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Apakah di telofase 2, chromosome decondensing? |
Yup |
*decondense = terurai, lawannya condense |
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X shaped region di tetrad where crossing over occured is called... |
Kiasma (singular) atau kiasmata (plural) |
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Apa itu kohesi kromatid saudara? |
Ikatan yg menyambung erat sister kromatid di sepanjang lengan2nya |
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Whats difference between metaphase in meiosis I and in mitosis? |
In meiosis I, there are tetrads lining up in metaphase plate. In mitosis, there are sister chromatids lining up. |
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What makes sister chromatids of a single chromosome to stay together trough meiosis I? |
Sister chromatid cohesion |
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Who is responsible for sister chromatid cohesion? |
Kompleks protein called cohesins/kohesin |
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Kapan kohesin membelah saat mitosis? |
Akhir metase/awal anafase |
Kohesin = kompleks protein yg btanggung jawab thd kohesi sister kromatids |
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Kapan kohesin membelah (cleave) saat meiosis? |
Anafase I (membelah di lengan kromosome) Anafase II (membelah di centromer) |
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Apa itu protein shugoshin? |
Protein yg melindungi kohesin saat anafase I (ujung metafase I) agar kohesin tidak cleavage di bagian sentromer, melainkan hanya cleavage di bagian lengannya saja. |
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Bagaimana bisa saat akhir metafase I (saat anafase I), kromatid saudara tidak memisah di sentromer? Melainkan hanya di lengan saja. |
Karena adanya protein shugoshin (bjep = roh penjaga) yg melindungi protein kohesin (yg btanggung jawab thd kohesi sister kromatid) pada sentromer sehingga protein kohesin tidak cleavage |
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Apa itu mutasi? |
Perubahan pada DNA organisme |
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Mutations create... |
Alleles |
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Different version of genes called... |
Alleles |
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Mekanisme yg berkontribusi thd variasi genetik.... |
Independent assortment (pemilahan bebas) pada kromosom Crossing over (pindah silang) Random fertilization |
Ada 3 |
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Maksud dri independent assortment atau pemilahan bebas? |
Variasi susunan komosom yg line up pd metafase I beragam thd kutubnya. Bisa jadi di salah satu kutub maternal semua, di kutub lainnya paternal semua. Bisa jadi beragam. |
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Apa rumus untuk menghitung jmlh kombinasi kromosom dalam independent assortment (pemilahan bebas)? |
2^n |
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Jika suatu sel memiliki jmlh haploid n=2, brp variasi kromosom pada independent assortment saat metafase I? |
2^2 = 4 |
2^n |
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Sinapsis dan cross over terjadi saat... |
Prophase I |
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Apa itu kromosom rekombinan? |
Kromosom setelah crossing over. Dimana kromosom memiliki gen-gen yg berasal dri kedua org tua. |
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Kromosom hasil crossing over disebut... |
Kromosom rekombinan |
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Kromosom individual yg mengandung gen-gen dri kedua orangtua disebut.. |
Kromosom rekombinan |
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Apa yg bertukar saat crossing over? |
2 non-sister kromatid dalam tetrad |
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Apa maksud random fertilization bertanggung jawab thd variasi genetik? |
Mksdnya adalah krn any sperm can fuse with any ovum |
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