Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What were Britons or Celts?
|
very good metalworkers, carpenters, weavers, farmers
exported grain, cattle, gold, silver, iron, hunting dogs, slaves |
|
|
Why did Romans not usually recognize Celtic achievements?
|
Romans had urban-centered idea of civilization.
Celts were tribal, agricultural people and Britannia mostly a rural province |
|
|
What things in common between all Celtic tribes
|
all spoke Celtic language (basis of Welsh, Irish, and Gaelic today)
all used iron weapons all ruled my kings/queens advised my council of warriors |
|
|
what is a chieftain
|
wealthy landowner who controlled small area and owed his loyalty to king/queen
maintained a band of warriors who practiced fighting skills by hunting and raiding other tribes |
|
|
what characterized Celtic art
|
abstract rhythmic patterns, spiral curves, stylized imaginary animals
most art found decorating everyday objects made of pottery and various metals |
|
|
who controlled Celtic religion
|
Druids, powerful priests who were judges in disputes, kept oral traditions and knowledge of tribe, worshiped gods in sacred woodlands with ceremonies sometimes including human sacrifice
encouraged fierce resistance to Roman invasion |
|
|
first Roman general to lead soldiers into Britain
|
Julius Caesar in 55 bc
|
|
|
what did Caesar write about British inhibiants
|
fierce warriors, living on good agricultural or pasture land in country rich in timber and materials
Skills not only farming but pottery making and iron and bronze working |
|
|
Why did Ceasar want to invade britain
|
wanted to find out if it was worth Roman troop occupation
but after another short visit in 54 bc, didn't explore further due to wars against Gauls and own Roman gov. assassinated decade later |
|
|
Who is Caesar's great-nephew
|
Augusts, first roman emperor
he an immediate successors didn't think Britain worth conquering troule |
|
|
who did sucessfully conquer Britain
|
Emperor Claudius
perhaps he received fresh information on British wealth; more probably needed military success for prestige |
|
|
how did Claudius conquer britain
|
didn't lead force but followed it , spending 16 days in Britain, watching army's assault on Camulodunum (Colchester) and giving official approval to actions of commander Aulus Plautius
11 kings surrendered |
|
|
first governor of Britain
|
Aulus Plautius
|
|
|
who is Britain's most famous governor
|
Gnaeus Julius Agricola
|
|
|
what did Britain's most famous governor do
|
put end to Scottish resistance in ad 84 at battle of Mons Graupius in Scotland
stopped civic corruption and tax collection abuses wanted to give Britons a live peace and civilization comforts educated sons of chiefs |
|
|
how did Roman style influence Britain
|
British farmers built country villas in Roman style. towns were rebuilt on roman grid system, centered on forum, with its town hall and law court and other public buildings.
Romans were tolerant of other religions and many Celtic gods were assimilated into roman pantheon: Apollo-Maponus, Mars-Cocidius, Sulis-Minerva |
|
|
what is Salvius's full name
|
Gaius Salvius Liberalis
|
|
|
early life and career of Salvius?
|
born in central Italy, like many ambitious and clever young men, moved to Rome, where he got reputation for speaking his mind
|
|
|
future career of Salvius?
|
after becoming successful lawyer, made senator, probably by Emperor Vespasian. in ad 78, at early age, he was chosen as one of the Arval brotherhood
also put in command of legion |
|
|
what is Arval brotherhood
|
group of twelve distinguished men who met to perform religious ceremonies and in particular to pray for emperor and family
|
|
|
what were Salvius's tasks in Britain
|
supervise law courts and look after southern part of province while Agricola was fighting in north. traveled around country acting as judge. may have arranged for money to be sent to emperor in Rome
|
|
|
where does Salvius and wife Rufilla live in this book?
|
impressive villa not far from Noviomagus (Chichester) on south-east coast of Britain
|
|
|
where does knowledge of Salvius come from
|
mainly from details on gravestone discovered in central Italy and inscription found in wood near Rome. mentioned by Roman writers Pliny and Suetonius. another gravestone dedicated by son
|
