California Earth Science - The Atmosphere

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ABSORB

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SOME SOLAR RADIATION IS ABSORBED BY THE ATMOSPHERE. THE OZONE LAYER IN THE STRATOSPHERE ABSORBS USTRAVIOLET LIGHT. WATER VAPOR AND CARBON DIOXIDE ABSORB INFRARED RADIATION.

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ACID RAIN

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RAIN THAT CONTAINS MORE ACID THAT NORMAL

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AIR PRESSURE

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PRESSURE CAUSED BY WEIGHT OF A COLUMN OF AIR PUSHING DOWN ON AN AREA

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ALTITUDE

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ELEVATION ABOVE SEA LEVEL

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ANEMOMETER

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INSTRUMENT USED TO MEASURE WIND SPEED

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BAROMETER

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INSTRUMENT USED TO MEASURE CHANGES IN AIR PRESSURE

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CONDUCTION

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THE DIRECT TRANSFER OF THERMAL ENERGY FROM ONE SUBSTANCE TO ANOTHER THAT IS TOUCHING

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CONVECTION

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THE TRANSFER OF HEAT BY MOVEMENT OF A FLUID

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CONVECTION CURRENT

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THE MOVEMENT OF A FLUID, CAUSED BY DIFFERENCES IN TEMPERATURE, THAT TRANSFERS HEAT FROM ONE PART OF THE FLUID TO ANOTHER

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CORIOLIS EFFECT

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THE EFFECT OF EARTH'S ROTATION ON THE DIRECTION OF WINDS AND CURRENTS

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DENSITY

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THE AMOUNT OF MASS OF A SUBSTANCE IN A GIVEN VOLUME

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DOLDRUMS

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A CALM AREA WHERE WARM AIR RISES. REGIONS NEAR THE EQUATOR.

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ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

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WAVES THAT TRANSFER ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC ENERGY THROUGH THE VACUUM OF SPACE

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EXOSPHERE

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THE OUTER LAYER OF THE THERMOSPHERE

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GLOBAL WARMING

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A GRADUAL INCREASE IN THE AVERAGE TEMPERATURE OF EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE

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GLOBAL WINDS

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WINDS THAT BLOW STEADILY FROM SPECIFIC DIRECTIONS OVER LONG DISTANCES

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GREENHOUSE EFFECT

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THE PROCESS BY WHICH HEAT IS TRAPPED IN THE ATMOSPHERE BY GASES THAT FORM A "BLANKET" AROUND EARTH

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HEAT

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THE TRANSFER OF THERMAL ENERGY FROM ONE OBJECT TO ANOTHER BECAUSE OF A DIFFERENCE IN TEMPERATURE

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HORSE LATITUDES

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CALM AREAS OF FALLING AIR. LATITUDES 30 DEGREES NORTH AND SOUTH OF THE EQUATOR.

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INFRARED RADIATION

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ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES WITH WAVELENGTHS THAT ARE LONGER THAN VISIBLE LIGHT BUT SHORTER THAN MICROWAVES

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IONOSPHERE

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THE LOWER PART OF THE THERMOSPHERE

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JET STREAMS

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BANDS OF HIGH-SPEED WINDS ABOUT 10 KILOMETERS ABOVE EARTH'S SURFACE

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LAND BREEZE

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THE FLOW OF AIR FROM LAND TO A BODY OF WATER

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LATITUDE

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THE DISTANCE IN DEGREES NORTH OR SOUTH OF THE EQUATOR

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LOCAL WINDS

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WINDS THAT BLOW OVER SHORT DISTANCES

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MESOSPHERE

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THE LAYER OF THE EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE IMMEDIATELY ABOVE THE STRATOSPHERE

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PHOTOCHEMICAL SMOG

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A BROWNISH HAZE THAT IS A MIXTURE OF OZONE AND OTHER CHEMICALS , FORMED WHEN POLLUTANTS REACT WITH EACH OTHER IN THE PRESENCE OF SUNLIGHT

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POLAR EASTERLIES

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BLOW COLD AIR AWAY FROM THE POLES. 60 DEGREES NORTH AND SOUTH LATITUDES.

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POLLUTANT

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HARMFUL SUBSTANCE IN THE AIR

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PRESSURE

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THE FORCE EXERTED ON A SURFACE DIVIDED BY THE AREA OVER WHICH THE FORCE IS EXERTED

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PREVAILING WESTERLIES

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BLOW AWAY FROM THE HORSE LATITUDES. IN THE MID-LATITUDES, BETWEEN 30 AND 60 DEGREES NORTH AND SOUTH.

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RADIATION

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THE DIRECT TRANSFER OF ENERGY BY ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

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REFLECT

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SOME SUNLIGHT IS REFLECTED. CLOUDS ACT LIKE MIRRORS, REFLECTING SUNLIGHT BACK INTO SPACE.

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SCATTERING

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REFLECTION OF LIGHT IN ALL DIRECTIONS

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SEA BREEZE

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THE FLOW OF COOLER AIR FROM OVER AN OCEAN OR LAKE TOWARD LAND

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STRATOSPHERE

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SECOND LOWEST LAYER IN EARTHS ATMOSPHERE

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THERMAL ENERGY

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THE TOTAL ENERGY OF MOTION IN THE PARTICLES OF A SUBSTANCE

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THERMOMETER

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AN INSTRUMENT USED TO MEASURE TEMPERATURE

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THERMOSPHERE

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THE OUTERMOST LAYER OF EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE

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TRADE WINDS

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BLOW FROM THE HORSE LATITUDES TOWARD THE EQUATOR. AREAS BETWEEN THE EQUATOR AND 30 DEGREES NORTH AND SOUTH LATITUDES.

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TROPOSPHERE

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LOWEST LAYER IN EARTHS ATMOSPHERE

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ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION

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ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES WITH WAVELENGTHS THAT ARE SHORTER THAN VISIBLE LIGHT BUT LONGER THAN X-RAYS

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WATER VAPOR

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WATER IN A FORM OF A GAS

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WIND

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THE HORIZONTAL MOVEMENT OF AIR FROM AN AREA OF HIGH PRESSURE TO AN AREA OF LOWER PRESSURE

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WIND-CHILL FACTOR

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A MEASURE OF COOLING COMBINING TEMPERATURE AND WIND SPEED