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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What regulates calcium?
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PTH
Calcitonin Activated vitamin D |
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What is the relationship between Calcium and Phosphorus?
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they have an inverse relationship
increase in phosphorus decreases calcium in plasma |
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What ways does PTH effect calcium?
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-increases tubular absorption of Ca
-increases reabsorption of bone -Promoting activation of Vitamin D |
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Where is calcitonin produced?
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C cells of the thyroid gland
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How does calcitonin affect calcium?
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inhibits PTH so Ca is decreased
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How does Vitamin D affect calcium levels?
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it increases calcium from the intestines and enhances PTH activity
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What is apparent hypocalcemia?
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When there is a decrease in albumin
50% of calcium is bound to albumin |
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What is the effect of acidosis on calcium? Alkalosis?
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increases ionized calcium
decreases ionized calcium |
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What are the four common diseases that cause hypocalcemia?
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renal disease
ethylene glycol toxicosis panreatitis Eclampsia |
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What are signs of hypocalcemia?
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nervousness, anorexia, hyperventilation, numbness, tetany, seizures
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T/F
The pancreas is the only source of intrinsic factor in cats. |
True
it requires vitamin B12 for absorption |
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If you have an animal that presents with a normal TLI with a low cobalamin have what problem?
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they have GI disease
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What can exocrine pancreatic insufficiency mimic in cats?
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malabsorption
use a TLI to distinguish |
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What are the sources of intrinsic factor in dogs?
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stomach and pancreas
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What vitamin will be decreased with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency?
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B12
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How does exocrine pancreas insufficiency affect bacteria, folate and B12?
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bacterial overgrowth
increased folate decreased B12 |
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If you run a folate and a B12 test on an animal with a normal TLI what do increases and decreases of these test indicate?
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Increase:
-bacterial overgrowth Decrease: -protein losing enteropathy |
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What are the common causes of hypercalcemia in dogs?
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hypercalcemia of malignancy
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What are the common causes of hypercalcemia in horses?
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renal disease
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What are the signs of hypercalcemia?
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PU/PD, lethargy and weakness
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At what level do you see tissue mineralization in hypercalcemia?
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when the calcium multiplied by phosphorus is greater than 60
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What additional things do you want to look for in an animal with hypercalcemia?
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cancer - check lymph nodes
Renal disease Mass in cervical regions history of vitamin D ingestion |
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What are causes of lymphocytosis?
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lymphocytic leukemia
Ehrlichiosis can cause neutropenia |
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How can you treat hypercalcemia?
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fluids
diuretics calcitonin glucocorticoids |
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What influences phosphorus levels?
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PTH- decrease P
Calcionin - decreases P Vitamin D - increases P |
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What can cause a hypophospotemia?
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metabolic acidosis
diabetic ketoacidosis |
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What is a common cause of hyperphosphotemia?
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decreased GRF
ruptured urinary bladder Urethral obstruction |
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What are two ways that ruminants loose Mg? Horses?
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Grass and milk tetany
Through sweat |
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When do you usually see hypermagnesia? What is this similar to?
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When renal function is compromised
Potassium and Phos |
