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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. Earthquakes
2. Tsunamis – usually (but not always) start withan Earthquake (EQ) 3. Avalanche, Landslides, mudslides, rock falls –sometimes started with an EQ. |
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___ is the “Point of originalrupture”. This iswhere the fault brokefirst & began the EQ.Yes, seismologists canget enough data tolocate it. Underground.
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Focus; |
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The point on theEarth’s surface directlyabove the focus.”
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Epicenter |
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Depth of EQ is defined bythe depth the __ isbelow the Epicenter.
Shallow = Intermediate = Deep = |
Focus; Shallow = 0 to 70 km Intermediate = 70 to 300 km Deep = 300 to 700 km |
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__% of the EQs are lessthan 100 km.All of California’s largehistoric EQs are what depth? Most San Andreas FaultEQs start in the upper __ km.
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90%; Shallow; 10 km; |
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Earthquakes release __ & __ & make waves. Some release so much that they bounce around reflect & like sound waves ring like a bell (for big ones). |
stress & strain; |
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The force per unit area acting on a rock. When plates grind together they use a lot of force.
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Stress; |
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Accumulated deformation creates strain(potential) energy. Analogy is deformation of aarchery bow prior to release.
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Strain; |
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Vibrations generated fromfracturing & motion along a fault plane. They don't move the rocks as they pass through the rocks.
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Seismic waves |
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There are 4 types of waves. What are they? |
P waves, S waves, Love waves, and Rayleigh waves. |
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Fastest (goes about 1.7 X faster than other wave) and first-arriving wave. Push/Pull motion. Makes noise. EQs make noise!
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Primary/P waves |
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Slower than P Waves (goes about 60%the speed of a P wave) and second arrivingwave. Propagates by sidewise motion at rightangles to travel – moves sort of like asnake.
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Secondary Waves/S waves |
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The Richter and Magnitude Scales are ___! Consequently, each whole number is __X the prior whole number. The Richter numbers,especially on the upperend ARE a big deal tomeasure wave magnitudePLUSEach whole number alsoequates to __ times theenergy as the previouswhole number.
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logarithmic; 10X; 31 times; |
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You don't feel the 2, 3 magnitude type earthquakes. Lots of little earthquakes, not as much big earthquakes. |
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___ is a seismic-generated sea wave. Banda Aceh, Indonesia EQ (mag 9.1) in 2004. Killed230,000+. Tohuku, Japan EQ (mag 9.1) in 2011. Shaking lasted __ minutes, 2plates slid 50 meters. Killed 16,000 with 2,500 people still missing. This is alsoknown as the Fukushima EQ because of damage to the nuclearreactors.
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Tsunami; 6 minutes; |
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__ wins. Faults, fractures, weathering work on breaking upthe Earth’s surface 24/7/365. The Earth’s surface is unstable over geologic time & things break. You don’t want to be there (camping/loitering)when/where something breaks. Be aware of surroundings.
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Gravity; |
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Rock-fall chutes demonstrating that if a process is ongoing and has happened in the pastit will most likely happen in the future! Look for signs because everything you see isthere for a reason. Nature will oftengive up clues about processesand danger to you. Be awareof surroundings.
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Preparing for a disaster is up to you• Think of family plan• Think of medications you may need• Think of special needs• Here is something many don’t think about• How will you manage your pets in a disaster?
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