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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How did the atomic model develop? |
Dalton- all atoms of same element are the same Thomson- discovered electron Rutherford- discovered nucleus Bohr- predicted electrons on orbitals Geiger+Mardsen- unexpected model modifications |
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What happen to the metal and non metal in ionic bonding? |
Metal loses all outer shell electrons becomes positive ion. Non-metal gains electrons becomes negative ion. Are attracted to each other as oppositely charged form ionic bond. |
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What are magnesium oxide and sodium chloride and what does this mean? |
Giant ionic lattices = strong ionic bonds -high melting point = strong bond takes much energy to overcome -can conduct electricity when molten or in solution as charged ions are free -cannot conduct electricity when solid -MO higher melting point due to stronger ionic bond |
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List properties of simply covalent bonds. |
Low MP due to weak intermolecular forces Don't conduct electricity due to no free electrons |
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When does a displacement reaction occur? |
If their is a more reactive halogen on its own when a halogen is reacting with and aqueous solution of a salt. |
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Describe the trends in group 7. |
As you go down: Less reactive Higher density Higher melting and boiling pint |
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What is the 5th halogen, describe it. |
Astatine- semi-metallic, unstable elements, in small natural number, won't displace anything, difficult to study so characteristics estimations based on trends in group. |
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Give the colours of three transition metal compounds. |
Copper- blue Iron(II)- light green Iron(III)- orangey brown |
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What happens during the thermal decomposition of transition metal carbonates? |
A colour change Form a metal oxide and carbon dioxide |
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What is precipitation and what ions form what coloured precipitates? |
A reaction between solutions forming an insoluble solid (precipitate) Copper(II)- blue Iron(II)- grey green Iron(III) orange |
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What is the low resistance of super conductors helpful for? |
Powerful electromagnets (medical scanners) Very fast circuits (supercomputer) Power transmission without energy loss |
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What can untreated water contain? |
Insoluble particles Pollutants Micro organisms Dissolved salts and minerals |
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What difficult to remove pollutants are found in water and how? |
Nitrates from run off of fertilisers Lead compounds from old pipes Pesticides from spraying near by crops |
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What makes some salts easy to identify? |
Their dissolved ions undergo precipitation reactions, forming a coloured precipitate. |
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Describe the development of the period table. |
Dobereiner- law of triads Newlands- law of octaves (every 8th element behaves the same, inc compounds he believed were elements) Mendeleev- modern PT, left gaps for unknown elements and made predictions about their properties, was proven correct and supported by investigations on atomic structure |
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When does a precipitation reaction occur? |
When an insoluble solid is made from mixing two solutions together. |
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How are sulfates detected? |
Reacts with barium chloride forming white precipitate (barium sulfate) |
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How are halide ions detected? |
Reacted with silver nitrate solution to form a precipitate (silver ____) |
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What precipitates are formed by the halides? |
Chloride - white Bromide - cream Iodide - yellow |
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Describe alkali metal reactions with water. |
2Alkali metal + 2Water = 2metal hydroxide + hydrogen |
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Describe steps of flame test. |
Clean nichrome wire dipped in water Then dipped in compound Then under flame Each compound produces different flame colour |
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Describe rubidiums reaction with water. |
Very fast Exothermic Violent (shatters beaker) |
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What are the trends in the alkali metals? |
As you go down: Reactivity increases Density increases MP and BP decrease |
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Why are group 1 known as alkali metals? |
Because their hydroxides dissolve to form alkaline solutions |
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Describe chlorine bromine and iodine at RT |
Chlorine = green gas Bromine = orange liquid Iodine = grey solid |
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Give some uses of halogens. |
Iodine = antiseptic Chlorine = sterilise water, make pesticides and make plastics |
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Describe the reaction between halogens and alkali metals |
React to form one product- metal halide |
