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29 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

what is a proton?

a proton is part of an atom which makes up the NUCLEUS,it has a positive charge.

What is an electron?

An electron is part of an atom which is on the outside (on the orbital), it has a negative charge and is much smaller than the proton and neutron.

What is a neutron?

A neutron is another part of an atom which also makes up the NUCLEUS, it's has a neutral charge.

What is an atom?

An atom is the SMALLEST PART OF AN ELEMENT. It contains protons,neutrons and electrons- the number of protons and electrons are EQUAL.

What is an element?

A substance which contains only one type of atom. Eg-oxgyen


ON THE PERIODIC TABLE

What is a compound?

A substance which contains two or more elements that are chemically joined together, they are always neutral e.g-salt/sodium chloride.

Naming compunds

The metal element always comes first in the name, if there are two elements combined it ends in IDE, if there are three or more elements (one of which is oxygen) it ends in ate. if to if the same element join together the name doesn't change.

What is a mixture?

Contains two or more substances but they aren't chemically joined together.

What is a molecule?

A substance made up of two or more atoms, either the same or different- H2O

How are the elements arranged in the periodic table?

By the number of protons or the atomic number-same thing

What does the column number tell us?

The number of electrons in the orbital.

What does the period number tell us?

How many electron shells the atom has (orbitals)

What does the number of elements in each row tell us?

The maximum number of electrons in that specific electron shell. (2,8,8)

How can you find out the number of protons in an atom?

It's the atomic number (the smaller number) on the periodic table.

How do we find the number of electrons in an atom?

The atomic number (smaller) as protons and electrons are always equal.

How do we find out the number of neutrons in an atom?

It's the mass number(bigger) - the atomic number(smaller)

Which group does not react (on the periodic table)?

Group 8/0 (the noble gases) as it has a full outer shell of electrons.

what is the charge of all atoms? why?

they are all neutral because the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons.

what happens if an atom loses or gains an electron?

Atoms can lose an electron and become more positive or gain electrons and become more negative- these are called ions. A positive ion is a CATION\ A negative ion is a ANION.

What is an isotope?

An isotope is an atom of the same element with the same number of protons but a different number is neutrons. SO THE ATOMIC NUMBER DOES NOT SAME BUT THE MASS NUMBER CHANGES.

What are ions?

Ions are charged atoms, a positive is called a CATION (due to losing an electron), a negative is called an ANION (due to gaining an electron).

Why do atoms lose or gain electrons?

To become stable by having a full outer shell of electrons.

Why do group 1 elements become more reactive down the group?

Because the atoms get bigger with more electron shells-so the attractive forces between the nucleus and the outer shell becomes less attractive- this means it's easier to lose the one electron on the outer shell.

Why do group 7 elements become less reactive down the group?

Because the atoms get bigger with more electron shells-so the attractive forces between the nucleus and the outer shell become less, so it is more difficult to attract 1 more electron.

What is the physical properties of metals?

Good conductors of electricity and thermal energy


Dense


High melting point


Shiny


Malleable- hammered and bent into shape without cracking


Ductile- can be made into a wire


Sonorous-rings like a bell


Magnetic-iron,cobalt,nickle

What are the key points of transition elements?

Higher melting points


Stronger and harder


Much less reactive


OFTEN COLOURED


can be used as catalysts (speeds up chemical reactions but doesn't get used up)


What are the chemical properties of transition elements?

Much less reactive


Corrode incredibly slowly


Used as structural materials

what is a pure metal?

a pure metal is what it is- all the atoms are the same size and in neat rows, this allows them to slide over each other easily.

what is an alloy?

alloys are mixtures of metals ( and sometimes non metals), they often have larger atoms and distort the slayers do they can't slide over each other. A lot harder/stronger than pure metals.