C++ Midterm

Front 1

#include

Back 1

*This line is what we call an include directive

*similar to Java’s import statement

Front 2

#

Back 2

*any line starting with # isn’t a C++ statement

*they’re preprocessor directives

*ran before the program goes to the C++ compiler

*#include works by effectively copy-pasting the entire contents of theincluded file in to our C++ file at the location of the directive

Front 3

int main()

Back 3

*indicates where our main function starts

*main function is the first function executed when we run ourprogram

*main should return an int type, 0

*0 indicates normal termination

Front 4

std::

Back 4

*std namespace

*like a package(java) and the :: operator says to get the cout object from the std namespace

*endl is in the namespace as well, and rep. end line and flushed i/o buffer to print out asap

Front 5

sizeof( );

Back 5

returns size of data type in bytes

Front 6

<iostream>

Back 6

*for doing input/output

*goes with #include

Front 7

string literals

Back 7

char array that ends with a null terminating

character: \0

Front 8

cin>>

Back 8

*overloads the >> operator for placing input in

to existing variables

Front 9

static_cast<DataType>(Value)

Back 9

*general format for basic type cast

*this casts Value to the type DataType

Front 10

formatted output using cout

Back 10

*If we want to format our output, e.g., to line the values up incolumns, we can provide cout one of many stream manipulators

*we must also #include the iomanip header

Front 11

setw

Back 11

* is used to set the width for the nextoutput

cout << setw(5) << "a"

This will print a with 4 spaces before it

Front 12

#include <string>

Back 12

*allows the use of string literals aka char arrays

Front 13

char c = std::cin.get()

Back 13

*allows us to read multiple chars

*can also be called and store the result in c:

std::cin.get(c)