Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
STRUCTURE VS CONTENT FIRES
|
WHILE CONTENTS FIRE STILL PRESENTS A SIGNIFICANT FLASHOVER HAZARD, IT DOES NOT HAVE THE ASSOCIATED COLLAPSE HAZARD. LIKE WISE THE CONSUMPTION OF THE STRUCTURE BY FIRE RESULTS IN THE CREATION OF OPENING THAT MAY SIGNIFICANTLY AFFECT VENTILATION, PARTICULARLY WITH PPV. FF'S NEED TO IDENTIFY A FIRE AS EITHER A STRUCTURE FIRE OR A CONTENTS FIRE AND ADJUST TACTICS ACCORDINGLY
|
|
|
WHAT IS A DEAD LOAD
|
DEAD LOAD IS THE WEIGHT OF THE BUILDING ITSELF AND ALL ITS STRUCTURAL MEMBERS. IT ALSO INCLUDES ANY EQUIPMENT PERMANENTLY ATTACHED OR BUILT IN.
|
|
|
WHAT IS ADDED DEAD LOAD
|
ADDED DEAD LOAD IS THE DEAD LOAD ADDED AND OR ATTACHED TO THE BUILDING AFTER ITS INITIAL CONSTRUCTION.
|
|
|
WHAT IS LIVE LOAD
|
LIVE LOADS ARE LOADS OTHER THEN DEAD LOADS OR LOADS THAT CAN BE MOVED. PARTITIONS, FILE CABINETS, FURNITURE
|
|
|
WHAT IS ADDED LIVE LOAD
|
AN ADDED LIVE LOAD IS THE UNANTICIPATED LIVE LOAD, WHICH MAY BE ADDED TO THE EXISTING LIVE LOAD, EX FIRE FIGHTERS ON THE ROOF
|
|
|
WHAT ARE IMPACT LOADS
|
IMPACT LOADS ARE LOADS WHICH ARE DELIVERED OVER A SHORT PERIOD OF TIME, IN A FIRE, BUILDING ELEMENTS WHICH HAVE SUPPORTED ON ANOTHER FOR YEARS ARE UNSETTLED. THE OVERTURNING OF A HEAVY LOAD EX A SAFE
|
|
|
WHAT IS A STATIC LOAD
|
STATIC LOADS ARE LIVE LOADS, WHICH ARE APPLIED SLOWLY AND ARE THEN NOT MOVED EX: A SAFE
|
|
|
WHAT ARE REPEATED LOADS
|
REPEATED LOADS ARE LIVE LOADS WHICH ARE APPLIED INTERMITTENLE. AN EX AN INDUSTRIAL ROLLING BRIDGE CRANE
|
|
|
WHAT ARE WIND LOADS
|
WIND LOAD IS THE FORCE APPLIED TO A BUILDING OR STRUCTURAL MEMBER BY THE WIND. FF'S OPERATING NEAR BUILDING UNDER CONSTRUCTION SHOULD USE EXTRA CAUTION, BRACING MAY BE INADEQUATE
|
|
|
WHAT ARE CONCENTRATED LOADS
|
CONCENTRATED LOADS ARE HEAVY LOADS LOCATED AT ONE POINT IN A BUILDING OVER A SMALL CONTACT AREA. A BEAM RESTING ON A WALL IS A CONCENTRATE DEAD LOAD
|
|
|
WHAT IS A SUSPENDED LOAD?
|
LOADS CAN BE SUSPENDED BY SLENDER TENSILE MEMBERS CONNECTED TO BEAMS OR OTHER MEMBERS. THESE MATERIALS WILL FAIL FASTER IN A FIRE AND REPRESENT AND ADDITIONAL COLLAPSE HAZARD
|
|
|
WHAT IS AN IMPOSITION LOAD?
|
LOADS ARE CLASSIFIED IN THE MANNER THAT THEY ARE IMPOSED ON THE BUILDING. THE MAY BE AXIAL, ECCENTRIC OR TORSIONAL LOADSQ
|
|
|
WHAT IS AN AXIAL LOAD?
|
AN AXIAL LOAD IS A FORCE THAT PASSES THROUGH THE CENTER OF THE SECTION AND IS EVENLY APPLIED AND PERPENDICULAR TO THE STRUCTURE. A STRUCTURE WILL SUSTAIN ITS GREATEST LOAD WHEN IT IS AXIAL
|
|
|
WHAT IS AN ECCENTRIC LOAD?
|
AN ECCENTRIC LOAD IS A FORCE THAT IS NOT APPLIED TO THE CENTER OF A SUPPORTING COLUMN OR WALL BUT IS PERPENDICULAR TO THE PLANE OF INTERSECTION. IT WILL THEREFORE BEND THE SUPPORTING MEMBERS.
|
|
|
WHAT IS A TORTIONAL LOAD?
|
TORTIONAL LOADS ARE FORCES THAT ARE OFFSET FROM THE CENTER OF THE SECTON AND HAVE A TENDENCY TO TWIST THE SUPPORTING MEMBER.
|
|
|
DEFFINITION OF WOOD
|
WOOD IS A HARD COMPACT FIBROUS SUBSTANCE FOUND BETWEEN THE PITH AND BARK OF THE TREE. THE DENSITY AND MASS OF WOOD WILL DEPEND ON THE TYPE OF TREE IT IS FROM.
|
|
|
WHAT IS LUMBER
|
LUMBER IS SAWN WOOD USUALLY CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO ITS DIMENSIONS
|
|
|
WHAT IS COMPOSITE WOOD
|
COMPOSITE WOOD IS COMPONENTS MADE FROM WOOD PRODUCTS AND AT LEASE ONE OTHER PRODUCT SUCH AS ADHESIVE , PLASTICS OR CARBON STRIPS
|
|
|
WHAT IS LAMINATED VENEER LUMBER (LVL)
|
IS ENGINEERED WOOD PRODUCT THAT'S COMPOSED OF GLUED WOOD VENEER LAYERS. LVL IS ALSO KNOWN AS STRUCTURAL COMPOSITE LUMBER
|
|
|
WHAT IS PARRALLEL STRAND LUMBER (PSL)
|
IS HIGH STRENGTH STRUCTURAL COMPOSITE LUMBER COMPOSED OF GLUED WOOD STRANDS.
|
|
|
WHAT IS A GLU-LAM
|
IS A STRESS RATED ENGINEERED WOOD PRODUCT COMPRISED OF GLUED WOOD LAMINATION
|
|
|
WHAT IS THE APPLICATION OF WOOD?
|
WOOD IS USED AS A MAJOR STRUCTURAL COMPONENT IN MOST ORDINARY, HEAVY TIMBER AND WOOD FRAME TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION.
|
|
|
WHAT IS MASONRY?
|
IS DEFINED AS NATURALLY OCCURING OR PROCESSED STONE MATERIALS.
|
|
|
TYPES OF MASONRY
|
-WHOLE NATURAL STONE HELD TOGETHER BY MOTOR
-BRICK HELD TOGETHER BY MORTAR -CONRETE POURED INTO FORMS FOR SHAPE OR MOULDEDINTO BLOCKS AND HELD TOGETHER BY MORTAR. |
|
|
WHAT IS THE APLLICATION OF MASONRY
|
IS FOUND AS THE MAJOR STRUCTURAL COMPONENT IN MOST FIRE-RESISTIVE, NON COMBUSTABLE AND ORDINARY TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION. IT IS USED FOR THE FOUNDATION OF ALL TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION AND AS AN EXTERIOR FINISH FOR MOST TYPES OF BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
|
|
|
WHAT IS STEEL
|
STEEL IS A REFINED ALLOY OF CARBON AND IRON POSSIBLY WITH OTHER MINERALS. IT IS CAPABLE OF BEING TEMPERED TO MANY DEGREES OF HARDNESS.
|
|
|
TYPES OF STEEL
|
STEEL CAN BE MADE INTO
-SHEETS -BEAMS -LIGHT TRUSSES -CUSTOM FORMED/FORGED COMPONENTS |
|
|
THE APPLICATION OF STEEL
|
STEEL IS USED IN MAJOR STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS FOR MOST FIRE-RESISTIVE AND NON COMBUSTABLE BUILDINGS AND IN THE FOUNDATIONS OF MOST FIRE RESISTIVE BUILDINGS. IT MAY ALSO BE THE PRINCIPAL BEAM IN MODEREN WOOD FRAME
|
|
|
WHAT IS REINFORCED CONCRETE?
|
REINFORCED CONCRETE IS A COMPOSITE MATERIAL WITH STEEL MESH RODS EMBEDDED INTERNALLY THROUGHOUT. THE STEEL HELPS PROVIDE THE CONCRETE WITH TENSILE STRENGTH.
|
|
|
WHAT IS CAST IRON
|
CAST IRON IS MADE FROM A HARD ALLOY OF IRON, CARBON, AND SILICON, OURED MOLTEN INTO THE DESIRED FORM. iT CAN BE USED FOR COLUMNS, BEAMS AND PIPES INOLDER CONSTRUCTION.
|
|
|
WHERE IS CAST IRON USED?
|
CAST IRON IS FOUND AS A MOJOR STRUCTURAL COMPONENT IN A FEW ORDINARY, HEAVY TIMBER AND WOOD FRAM BUILDINGS.
|
|
|
WHAT IS ALUMINUM
|
ALUMINUM IS A REFINED LIGHTWEIGHT METALLIC ELEMENT. IT CAN BE MANUFACTURED INTO SHEETS AND PANELS, CHANNEL BEAMS AND CUSTOM FORMED EXTRUDED COMPONENTS
|
|
|
WHERE IS ALUMINUM USED?
|
ALUMINUM IS USED AS AN EXTERIOR FINISH IN MANY HEAVY TIMER AND WOOD FRAME CONSTRUCTION. IT IS NEVER USED FOR MAJOR STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS, FOUNDATIONS OR NON LOAD BEARING PARTITIONS
|
|
|
WHAT IS GLASS
|
GLASS IS MADE FROM REFINED SAND AND POTASH/SODA OR OTHER MATERIALS TO PRODUCE A TRANSPARENT HARD BUT BRITTLE MATERIAL. IT IS MANUFATURED INTO PLATES, SAFETY GLASS, WIRE MESH REINFORCED GLASS AND BLOCKS
|
|
|
WHAT ARE COMPOSITES?
|
COMPOSITES ARE MANUFACTURED MATERIALS TO REPLACE GLASS AND TO FORM INTO STRONG, ECONOMICAL,CUSTOM COMPONENTS FOR FINISHES ETC. THE COMMON TYPES OF COMPOSITES INCLUDE; PLASTICS,VYNYL, PLEXIGLAS LEXAN AND FIBERGLASS
|
|
|
WHAT IS GYPSUM(DRY WALL)
|
GYPSUM DRY WALL IS MADE FROM HYDRATED MINERALS AND MANUFACTURED TO MAKE SHEETS OF PLASTER AND PAPER. IT IS AVAILABLE IN BOTH NORMAL AND WATER RESISTANT VERSIONS.
|
|
|
WHAT IS ASBESTOS?
|
ASBESTOS IS A NATURAL FIBROUS SILICATE MINERAL THAT CAN BE WOVEN INTO A NON-COMBUSTABLE FABRIC. IT CAN BE MANUFACTURED INTO SHEETS,WRAPS,SPRAYS,AND FLOOR WALL CEILING TILES
|
|
|
WHAT IS A BEAM?
|
A BEAM IS A HORIZONTAL STRUCTURAL MEMBER, SUBJECT TO COMPRESSION, TENSION AND SHEAR. THEY CAN BE SUPPORTED BY ONE OF THREE METHODS
|
|
|
WHAT IS A SIMPLE BEAM?
|
A SIMPLE BEAM IS SUPPORTED AT TWO POINTS NEAR ITS ENDS, HOWEVER, THE ENDS ARE NOT ATTACHED. THIS TYPE OF BEAM IS SUBJECT TO ROTAION
|
|
|
WHAT IS A CONTINUOUS BEAM
|
A CONTINUOUS BEAM IS SUPPORTED AT ITS ENDS AND AT LEAST ONE OTHER POINT, USUALLY NEAR THE CENTRE
|
|
|
wHAT IS A CANTILEAVER BEAM
|
A CANTILEVER BEAM IS SUPPORTED AT ONLY ONE END OR PROJECTS BEYOND ITS SUPPORT AT ONE END.THE END THAT IS SUPPORTED IS USUALLY HELD RIGIDLY IN POSITION
|
|
|
WHAT IS A JOIST
|
A JOIST IS A HORIZONTAL BEAM (USUALLY WOOD) USED AS A FLOOR OR ROOF BEAM
|
|
|
WHAT IS A LINTEL
|
A LINTEL IS A STEEL, CONCRETE,STONE OR WOOD HORIZONTAL BEAM, WHICH SPANS AN OPENING IN A MASONARY WALL AND IS USUALLY LOAD BEARING
|
|
|
WHAT IS A GIRDER
|
A GIRDER IS A LARGE PRINCIPAL BEAM OF STEEL, PRE CAST CONCRETE, WOOD OR A COMBINATION OF THESE, USED TO SUPPORT OTHER STRUCTURAL MEMBERS AT ISOLATED POINTS ALONG ITS LENGTH. A GIRDER WILL MOST COMMONLY SUPPORT A FLOOR OR ROOF BEAM.
|
|
|
WHAT IS A COLUMN
|
A COLUMN IS A VERTICAL STRUCTURAL MEMBER DESIGNED TO CARRY A COMPRESSIVE LOAD IN THE DIRECTION OF THE MEMBER. THE STRENGTH OF A COLUMN IS DETERMINED BY THE WIDTH AND THE HEIGHT OF THE COLUM, AND THE MATERIAL USED FOR ITS CONSTRUCTION
|
|
|
WHAT IS A WALL
|
WALLS TRANSMIT THE COMPRESSIVE FORCES APPLIED ALONG THE TOP, OR RECIEVED AT ANY POINT ON THE WALL TO THE GROUND.
|
|
|
NAME THE TWO TYPES OF WALLS
|
LOAD BEARING AND NON LOAD BEARING LOAD BEARING WALLS CARRY A LOAD OF SOME PART OF THE STRUCTURE, PLUS THE WEIGHT OF THE WALL ITSELF.NON-LOAD BEARING WALLS SUPPORT THIER OWN WEIGHT
|
|
|
WHAT ARE ARCHES
|
THE ARCH COMBINES THE FUNCTION OF THE BEAM AND THE COLUMN. IT IS UNDER COMPRESSION ALONG ITS ENTIRE LENGTH, ARCHES PUSH OUTWARD AT THEIR BASE, THEREFORE MUST BE BRACED OR TIED.
|
|
|
WHAT IS A FOUNDATION
|
ALL LOADS ARE ULTIMATELY DELIVERED TO THE GROUND THROUGH THE FOUNDATION. THE WEIGHT OF THE STRUCTURE AND THE NATURE OF THE GROUND DETERMINE THE FOUNDATION. ALMOST ALL FOUNDATIONS TODAY ARE MADE OF CONCRETE
|
|
|
WHAT IS A DECK
|
A DECK IS A HORIZONTAL SURFACE COVERING SUPPORTED BY A FLOOR OR ROOF SYSTEM
|
|
|
WHAT IS A FLOOR
|
FLOOR ASSEMBLIES ARE COMPOSED OF THREE MAIN FRAMING SYSTEMS
-LUMBER -I-JOIST -TRUSS |
|
|
WHAT IS A SELF RELEASING FLOOR
|
THESE FLOORS CAN BE EXPECTED TO RELEASE SOONER THEAN IF THEY WERE TIGHTLY CONNECTED.THESE ARE DESIGNED TO ALLOW THE FLOOR TO COLLAPSE
|
|
|
FIRE CUT JOISTS
|
MANY CODES REQUIRE THAT WOOD JOISTS IN MASONARY WALLS BE FIRE-CUT. THE END OF THE JOIST IS CUT OFF AT AN ANGLE TO ALLOW THE JOIST TO FALL OUT OF THE WALL WITHOUT DAMAGING THE WALL
|
|
|
WHAT IS A ROOF DECK
|
A ROOF DECK ARE METAL DECK PANELS THAT REST ON STEEL GIRDERS.ON TOP OF THE DECKING MAYBE FOUND CONCRETE OR A SERIES OF LAYERS THAT MAY INCLUDE INSULATION AND WEATHERPROOF MAMBRANES OR LAYERS OF HEAVY FELT TAR AND GRAVEL. A BUILT UP ROOF MAY HIDE EVIDENCE OF HIDDEN FIRE THAT MAY NOT BE DETECTED USUING A THERMAL IMAGING CAMERA
|
|
|
WHAT ARE THE 5 TYPES OF BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
|
1-FIRE RESISTIVE CONSTRUCTION
2-NON-COMBUSTABLE 3-HEAVY TIMBER 4-ORDINARY 5-WOOD FRAME |
|
|
WHAT IS FIRE RESISTIVE CONSTRUCTION
|
FIRE RESISTIVE CONSTRUCTION IS THE TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION IN WHICH STRUCTURAL MAMBERS, INCLUDING WALLS.PARTITIOONS,COLUMNS AND FLOOR AND ROOF CONSTRUCTION ARE OF NON COMBUSTABLE OR LIMITED COMBUSTABLE MATERIALS
|
|
|
WHAT IS NON-COMBUSTABLE CONSTRUCTION
|
NON COMBUSTABLE CONSTRUCTION IS THE TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION IN WHICH WALLS, PARTITIONS AND STRUCTURAL MAMBERS ARE OF NON-COMBUSTABLE CONSTRUCTION NOT QUALIFYING AS FIRE-RESISTIVE CONSTRUCTION.
|
|
|
WHAT IS HEAVY TIMBER (MILL) CONSTRUCTION
|
HEAVY TIMBER CONSTRUCTIONS IS DEFINED AS THE TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION IN WHICH EXTERIOR WALLS AND BEARING WALLS ARE OF NON-COMBUSTABLE OR LIMITED COMBUSTABLE MATERIALS.COLUMNS,BEAMS,AND GIRDERS ARE OF HEAVY TIMBER SOLID OR LAMINATED.
|
|
|
ORDINARY CONSTRUCTION
|
ORDINARY CONSTRUCTION IS DEFINED AS THE TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION IN WHICH EXTERIOR WALLS ARE OF NON COMBUSTABLE MATERIAL AND ROOFS,FLOORS,AND INTERIOR FRAMING ARE WHOLLY OR PARTLY OF WOOD
|
|
|
WOOD FRAME CONSTRUCTION
|
WOOD FRAME CONSTRUCTION IS DEFINED AS THE TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION IN WHICH EXTERIOR WALLS,BEARING WALLS,AND PARTITIONS,FLOOR AND ROOF CONSTRUCTION AND THEIR SUPPORTS ARE OF WOOD OR OTHER COMBUSTABLE MATERIALS, WHEN THE CONSTRUCTION DOES NOT QUALIFY AS HEAVY TIMBER CONSTRUCTION OR ORDINARY CONSTRUCTION
|
|
|
WHAT IS BALOON CONSTRUCTION
|
BALLOON CONSTRUCTION THE WALL STUDS RUN FROM THE BASEMENT OR GROUND FLOOR TO THE ROOF IN ONE CONTINUOUS LENGTH. THESE BUILDING CAN BE IDENTIFIED FROM THE EXTERIOR BY OBSERVING NARROW WINDOWS THAT ARE ALLIGNED WITH OTHER WINDOWS OR DOORS BETWEEN THE STUDS
|
|
|
WHAT IS PLATFORM CONSTRUCTION
|
PLATFORM CONSTRUCTION IS CONSTRUCTED, AS THE NAME IMPLIES, OF PLATFORMS (FLOORS) THE FLOORING OF EACH STORY CAN BE USED AS A PLATFORM ON WHICH TO WORK WHILE ERECTING ADDITIONAL WALLS AND PARTITIONS
|
|
|
WHAT IS THE PRINCIPLE BEHIND LIGHTWEIGHT BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
|
IT IS TO DECREASE THE MASS OF MATERIALS WHILE MAINTAINING THEIR STRENGTH AND STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY. THE PRIMARY REASONS FOR THIS ARE COST REDUCTION IN BOTH LABOUR AND MATERIALS.
|
|
|
WHAT IS A TRUSS
|
A TRUSS IS A FRAMED STRUCTURE CONSISTING OF TRIANGLE OR GROUP OF TRIANGLES. BECAUSE TRUSES ARE LIGHTER THEN SOLID CONSTRUCTION THEY REDUCE THE NECESSARY WEIGHT OF SUPPORTING COLUMNS AND WALLS.THEY PROVIDE FOR LONG SPANS WITHOUT WALLS OR COLUMNS ALLOWING FOR A LARGE VARIETY OF USES
|
|
|
WHY ARE I BEAMS PREFERED BY BUILDERS?
|
-THEY REDUCE THE NEED FOR LATERAL SUPPORT
-THEY CAN BE FABRICATED INTO LENGTHS THAT ARE LONGER THEN CONVENTIONAL LUMBER -REQUIRE FEWER PARTITION WALLS AND FEWER JOISTS TO INSTALL -ARE LESS PRONE TO DEFLECTION AND HAVE A WIDE RANGE OF USES |
|
|
WHAT POTENTIAL EXISTS WHEN A FIRE OCCURS IN A BULDING
|
-DESTRUSTION OF THE BUILDING AND/OR THE BUILDINGS CONTENTS
-EXTENSION OF THE FIRE TO OTHER BUILDINGS -DEATH OR INJURY OF THE BUILDINGS OCCUPANTS AND/OR FIREFIGHTERS -PARTIAL OR TOTAL COLLAPSE OF THE BUILDING |
|
|
THE FIRE FIGHTER MUST BE AWARE OF THE FOLLOWING TYPES OF STRUCTURAL ABUSE
|
-SUBJECTING THE BUILDING TO LOADS,WHICH IT WAS NOT DESIGNED FOR
-STRUCTURAL MODIFICATIONS BY UN QUALIFIED WORKERS -DETERIORATION -THE DESTRUCTIVE FORCES OF FIRE |
