Building Automation: Q2

Front 1

list three ways that a building automation system can have a larger impact on a building

Back 1

- energy efficient
- system control
- convenience

Front 2

what is the most significant benefit of a building automation system

Back 2

energy efficient

Front 3

what are the primary targets for improving energy efficiency through automation

Back 3

Lighting and HVAC systems

Front 4

list the four main groups of a pneumatic control system

Back 4

1. air compressor station
2. transmitters and controllers
3. auxiliary devices
4. actuators

Front 5

what was the first type of automated control the indoor environment in a commercial building

Back 5

pneumatic systems

Front 6

industrial automation is commonly applied at the _ rather than the _

Back 6

- controller
- device

Front 7

a DDC controller can only communicate with sensors and actuators to which it is

Back 7

directly connected

Front 8

what type of building automation technology is particularly attractive to the residential market

Back 8

X10 technology

Front 9

List the items which will often dictate automation priorities within a building

Back 9

A. location
B. occupancy
C. equipment and products
D. special on - site processes

Front 10

shop drawings include two basic categories

Back 10

- components
- software/wiring

Front 11

_ illustrate both signal and power wiring for each panel and device, including information on power sources

Back 11

- wiring interconnections
- block diagrams

Front 12

what type of device measures the value of a variable and tranmitts a signal that conveys the information

Back 12

a sensor

Front 13

what device makes decisions to change an aspect of a system based on sensor information and internal programming

Back 13

a controller

Front 14

What type of device accepts a control signal and causes a mechanical motion

Back 14

an actuator

Front 15

a _ is an electrical switch that is actuated by a separate electrical circuit

Back 15

a relay

Front 16

list three common types of control signals

Back 16

- digital
- analog
- structured network messages

Front 17

what type of signal can convey information that has units of measurements

Back 17

analog

Front 18

a _ is a set of rules and procedures for the exchange of information between two connected devices

Back 18

protocol

Front 19

what type a control point exists only in software

Back 19

virtual point

Front 20

what portion of controller software produces output based on inputs

Back 20

control logic

Front 21

what type of generating plant uses water pressure and water flow to generate electricity

Back 21

hydroelectric

Front 22

name two critical electrical loads which are required by governing entities to have secondary power sources

Back 22

- egress lighting
- fire pumps

Front 23

what percentage of electricity is produced from nuclear power

Back 23

19%

Front 24

_ are the most commonly used source of secondary power

Back 24

diesel generators

Front 25

what is the last point on the power distribution system for the power company

Back 25

switch board

Front 26

the terms "step up transformer and step down transformer" describes an increase or decease in

Back 26

voltage

Front 27

an overcurrent protective device prevents _ from reaching excessively high temperatures,due to high currents, by opening the circuit

Back 27

- contactors
- devices

Front 28

_ is the amount of electrical power drawn by loads at a specific moment and is measured in _

Back 28

- electrical demand
- watts

Front 29

the measure of how closely the power in an electrical system matches the nominal characteristics is called _

Back 29

power quality

Front 30

a _ is a heavy - duty relay for switching circuits with high - power loads

Back 30

contactor

Front 31

what type of motor controller is used to change the speed of an AC motor by changing the frequency of the supply voltage

Back 31

variable - frequency drive

Front 32

what type of switch allows an electrical system to be switched between two sources

Back 32

transfer switch

Front 33

what type of UPS system has high efficiency, small size, and lower in cost than other types of UPS systems

Back 33

stand by

Front 34

proper indoor lighting improves the _ of building occupants

Back 34

productivity and safety

Front 35

what percentage of energy produced by lamps is ultraviolet energy, infrared energy, or heat that is not visible

Back 35

65% - 90%

Front 36

what is the most common type of lighting installation

Back 36

down lighting

Front 37

_ is the intentional reduction of electrical power to a lamp in order to reduce its light output

Back 37

dimming

Front 38

how is light output measured

Back 38

lumens

Front 39

why are lamps rated in initial lumens and in mean lumens

Back 39

light output from a lamp can change from overtime

Front 40

mean lumens is the rated average intensity of light produced by a lamp after it has operated for approximately _ of its rated life

Back 40

40%

Front 41

the higher temperatures of a halogen lamp can improve the luminous efficacy up to about

Back 41

18 to 24 lumens

Front 42

a _ is an electric lamp that produces light by striking an electrical arc across tungsten electrodes housed inside an arc tube

Back 42

HID

Front 43

what type of HID lamp has an extra starting electrode

Back 43

mercury vapor

Front 44

_ have life spans of 50,000 hours or more and are resistant to physical shock and vibrations

Back 44

LED

Front 45

what are the two types of devices used for control devices in lighting systems

Back 45

- inputs
- outputs

Front 46

what are the most common form of automatic lighting control used in buildings

Back 46

occupancy sensors

Front 47

what type of occupancy sensor activates when it senses the heat energy of people within its field of view

Back 47

infrared

Front 48

list two common types of photocells

Back 48

- photoresistor
- phototransistor

Front 49

define closed loop control

Back 49

a control system in which the result of an output is fed back to the controller as an input

Front 50

a _ is a solenoid operated, high - power relay used with lighting circuits

Back 50

lighting contactor

Front 51

why do most lighting contactors use double - break contacts to open and close the lighting circuit

Back 51

to provide a better arc

Front 52

when a lighting controller is combined with a circuit breaker to both control the circuits and provide overcurrent protection in the same device, the circuit beaker are know as _ and _

Back 52

- remote controlled circuit breakers
- power operated circuit breakers

Front 53

_ is the automatic control of devices according to the date and time

Back 53

scheduling

Front 54

a _ is a switch that automatically changes state at certain times

Back 54

time clock

Front 55

what type of transformer has only one winding, which is tapped on both the primary and secondary at various points to produce varying voltages

Back 55

autotransformer

Front 56

automatic lighting control that uses a light-level sensor to turn lamps on around dusk and turn lamps off at dawn is called

Back 56

photo control

Front 57

_ is a lighting control scheme that switches and/or dims groups of lamps together to a mixture of predetermined levels

Back 57

scene lighting

Front 58

What are the primary functions of an HVAC system

Back 58

heating/ ventilating/ Air conditioning

Front 59

What functions of the HVAC system rely on the basic principles of thermodynamics and heat transfer

Back 59

heating and cooling functions

Front 60

What is the hub of a forced air system

Back 60

Air Handling Unit (AHU)

Front 61

_ and _ are the two (2) methods by which air-handling units introduce conditioned air into the building spaces to achieve climate control

Back 61

constant volume / variable volume

Front 62

A _ is a device located at the building zone that provides heating and airflow as needed in order to maintain the desired set points within the building zone

Back 62

Variable - air - volume (VAV) terminal box

Front 63

What type of HVAC system distributes water or steam throughout a building as the transfer medium for heating and cooling system

Back 63

A hydronic HVAC system

Front 64

A _ is a device that transfers heat from one fluid to another fluid without allowing the fluids to mix

Back 64

heat exchanger

Front 65

_ and _ are the two (2) most common types of heat exchangers commonly found in air - handling units

Back 65

Heating coils / cooling coils

Front 66

what is the simplest forced-air HVAC system configuration

Back 66

single - zone

Front 67

_ is the most important property of air that is controlled by an HVAC system

Back 67

temperature

Front 68

the temperature of air that is measured by a thermometer freely exposed to the air but shielded from radiation and moisture is called

Back 68

the dry - bulb temperature

Front 69

why does humidity affect comfort

Back 69

humidity determines the rate at which perspiration evaporates from the skin

Front 70

what is the undesirable variation of air temperature between the top and bottom of a space called

Back 70

temperature stratification

Front 71

_ is the speed at which air moves from one point to another

Back 71

Air Velocity

Front 72

the ideal air movement per person/ per minute

Back 72

40 CFM (cubic feet per min)

Front 73

_ is a measure of the number of times the entire volume of air within a building space is circulated through the HVAC system in one (1) hour

Back 73

Air changes per hour (ACH)

Front 74

While some failures in an HVAC control application cause relatively minor discomfort for the building occupants, other failures or adverse conditions may cause

Back 74

equipment damage and even life safety issues

Front 75

safety circuits typically provide an _ to controllers to generate alarms

Back 75

input

Front 76

if the digital inputs for a supply-air fan control application indicate that the supply -air fan should be on, the controller compares the measured _ to the set-point; if this reading is lower than the set-point, the supply-air fan speed must be

Back 76

static air pressure / increased

Front 77

the return-air fan assist the supply-air fan in moving conditioned air into the building spaces by _

Back 77

drawing air back out of the space

Front 78

control of the outside-air and the return-air dampers for economizing is based primarily on _

Back 78

outside temperature and airflow

Front 79

most AHU control damper actuators include a spring return so that upon loss of power or loss of a control signal, the dampers return to their default positions. the outside-air damper is normally _ and the return-air damper is normally _

Back 79

closed / open

Front 80

what is the function of a bypass damper

Back 80

it diverts air from one component to another

Front 81

the most common method of humidification is the addition of _ into the supply air

Back 81

steam

Front 82

when monitoring humidity for humidity control, a humidity sensor in the return air stream gives an _ for allspaces served by the AHU

Back 82

average value

Front 83

give an example of an application where codes could require a minimum humidity in a facility

Back 83

healthcare facilities

Front 84

when isolation rooms are used in a hospital to help control the spread of contagions, a room with positive relative pressure will aid in keeping infectious agents from easily _ the room

Back 84

entering

Front 85

a dual-duct air terminal unit is essentially two (2) single-duct air terminal units operating in _ with the airstreams mixing before going to the diffuser

Back 85

parallel

Front 86

_ is the ability of diverse systems and devices to work together effectively and reliably

Back 86

interoperability

Front 87

what technology has allowed building automation system to extend beyond the walls of an individual building

Back 87

integration with internet standards

Front 88

which location application is most common

Back 88

building-wide application

Front 89

which location application includes buildings in close proximity

Back 89

campus-wide application

Front 90

define protocol

Back 90

is a set of rules and procedures for the exchange of information between two (2) connected devices

Front 91

what are the two (2) most common open protocols in use today

Back 91

lon works / bac net

Front 92

give an example of a wireless open protocol

Back 92

zig bee

Front 93

will the elevator stop to pick up passengers on the way down

Back 93

no