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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Know the story of Buddha
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-563-483
-india/nepal border -mother maya gave birth to him under a tree -father was a wealthy kind -asita came from himalayas and proclaimed he'd be a great kind or spiritual leader -dad sheltered him -he ventured out saw sick man, old man, corpse and a spiritual ascetic -he joined to sramadas and lead a life of meditation, self-inflict discomfort, experienced different levels of consciousness -sat under a tree and declared he would move until he found the knowledge he sought for -Mara, the devil sent 3 daughters but he was able to finally reach enlightenment -Brahma Sahampati encouraged Buddha to teach humans his findings and the path of dharma -he taught his findings for 45 years until he finally reached nirvana and died. -Andana, Sidartha's cousin/assistant memorized all his teachings and passed it on |
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Jhana
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1-4: form of realm
5: sphere of space 6: sphere of consciousness 7: sphere of nothingness 8: neither perception or non-perception |
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Types of Dukkha
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o Dukkha-Dukkha
o Virapinama-Dukkha o Samkara-Dukkha |
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Four Noble Truths
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1.) Dukkha (symptoms)
2.) Samudaya (diagnosis) 3.) Nirodha (Prognosis) 4.) Magga (Cure) |
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1.) Dukkha
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(Symptoms) -- means suffering, affliction, stress, anxiety, doubt, dissatisfaction, frustration, misery; affects everyone and it is the problem that people have that keep them from being enlightened
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-Dukkha
-Dukkha-Dukkha |
o Dukkha-Dukkha= Ordinary physical or emotional pain that results from old age, illness, not reaching one’s goals, the loss of a loved one; essentially any stress from life and its daily events.
• Example: The death of a parent produces grief, which is a form of ordinary suffering, or dukkha-dukkha. |
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-Dukkha
-Virapinama-Dukkha |
o Virapinama-Dukkha= • Suffering as a result of change -- good things do not last forever, and when they are gone, they may produce pain and suffering.
• Example: Moving away from your childhood home to an unfamiliar city in a new state can produce anxiety and suffering as a result of change. |
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-Dukkha
-Samkara-Dukkah |
o Samkara-Dukkha= suffering as conditioned states (i.e. produced by attachment to things we are conditioned to be around and to have) --- suffering from attachment to one of the 5 aggregates listed below.
• Form (Rupa) • Feeling (Vedana) • Perception/Cognition (Sañña) • Fabrications/Volitions (Sankhara) • Consciousness (Viññana) |
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2.) Samudaya
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(diagnosis) -- Dukkha has a cause/origin
o Tanha: craving, thirst for: • 1.) Objects of desire; we have a craving for the material things we want • 2.) Existence of things we desire; like attention, relationships, and love • 3.) Non-existence of things we don’t desire; we want things that annoy us, things we hate, things we don’t care for to go away or disappear from our lives • Tanha causes Dukkha because it is impossible for us to get all of these objects of desire, existence of things we desire, and non-existence of things we don’t desire, which causes us mental pain and suffering; we ignore the fact that satisfying our desires does not make them stop o Upadana: attachment, clinging, grasping; we get attached, mentally and physically, to things in life which causes us pain and suffering • 1.) Objects of desire; we get attached to getting material things we want in life • 2.) Precepts and vows; vow we have made to ourselves and people in our lives, promises that we think cannot be broken and must be followed through • 3.) View; we have certain views and images of ourselves and others that we believe must always hold true for every situation • 4.) Doctrine of self; ideas we have about ourselves like our personal goals, personality qualities, and values, things we cling to to define ourselves in our own eyes and in the eyes of others • Upadana causes Dukkha because we attach ourselves to things and get disappointed and therefore are caused paint and suffering when things we are attached to go away, because nothing is stable in life and everything changes, therefore nothing can ever be guaranteed to remain the same |
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3.) Nirodha
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(Prognosis) -- end of craving/ desire and the 5 aggregates which leads to nirvana/nibbana
o Nirvana/Nibbana: Cessation of Dukkha (moha/dosa/lokha); letting go of the 5 aggregates o Nirvana/Nibbana: That which is known upon entering and completing the supramundane Noble Path o Nirvana/Nibbana: The state enjoyed by Buddha and Arhants after full enlightenment |
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4.) Magga
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(the cure) -- - The Path to Cessation of Suffering:
o The end of suffering can be contributed to following the Eightfold Path. There are 3 qualities that must be developed in order to obtain Nibbana, also known as Nirvana: -Wisdom (Pañña) arises from awareness that all conditioned phenomena are impermanent, all conditioned phenomena are not personal, and attachment to desire to impermanent phenomena causes suffering. • View • Intention -Morality (Sila) arises from adherence to moral guidelines, as it protects oneself from suffering and causing others to suffer. • Speech • Action • Livelihood -Awareness Training/Concentration (Samadhi) arises from having wisdom and morality; a training of the mind. • Effort • Mindfulness • Concentration |
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Jhana
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1-4: form of realm
5: sphere of space 6: sphere of consciousness 7: sphere of nothingness 8: neither perception or non-perception |
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2.) Samudaya
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(diagnosis) -- Dukkha has a cause/origin
o Tanha: craving, thirst for: • 1.) Objects of desire; we have a craving for the material things we want • 2.) Existence of things we desire; like attention, relationships, and love • 3.) Non-existence of things we don’t desire; we want things that annoy us, things we hate, things we don’t care for to go away or disappear from our lives • Tanha causes Dukkha because it is impossible for us to get all of these objects of desire, existence of things we desire, and non-existence of things we don’t desire, which causes us mental pain and suffering; we ignore the fact that satisfying our desires does not make them stop o Upadana: attachment, clinging, grasping; we get attached, mentally and physically, to things in life which causes us pain and suffering • 1.) Objects of desire; we get attached to getting material things we want in life • 2.) Precepts and vows; vow we have made to ourselves and people in our lives, promises that we think cannot be broken and must be followed through • 3.) View; we have certain views and images of ourselves and others that we believe must always hold true for every situation • 4.) Doctrine of self; ideas we have about ourselves like our personal goals, personality qualities, and values, things we cling to to define ourselves in our own eyes and in the eyes of others • Upadana causes Dukkha because we attach ourselves to things and get disappointed and therefore are caused paint and suffering when things we are attached to go away, because nothing is stable in life and everything changes, therefore nothing can ever be guaranteed to remain the same |
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3.) Nirodha
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(Prognosis) -- end of craving/ desire and the 5 aggregates which leads to nirvana/nibbana
o Nirvana/Nibbana: Cessation of Dukkha (moha/dosa/lokha); letting go of the 5 aggregates o Nirvana/Nibbana: That which is known upon entering and completing the supramundane Noble Path o Nirvana/Nibbana: The state enjoyed by Buddha and Arhants after full enlightenment |
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4.) Magga
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(the cure) -- - The Path to Cessation of Suffering:
o The end of suffering can be contributed to following the Eightfold Path. There are 3 qualities that must be developed in order to obtain Nibbana, also known as Nirvana: -Wisdom (Pañña) arises from awareness that all conditioned phenomena are impermanent, all conditioned phenomena are not personal, and attachment to desire to impermanent phenomena causes suffering. • View • Intention -Morality (Sila) arises from adherence to moral guidelines, as it protects oneself from suffering and causing others to suffer. • Speech • Action • Livelihood -Awareness Training/Concentration (Samadhi) arises from having wisdom and morality; a training of the mind. • Effort • Mindfulness • Concentration |
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Eightfold Path
-Wisdom (pañña) ---- list |
o Three Poisons and their antidotes
o Karma (Kamma) Conditioning Theory o Death/Rebirth o Samsara vs. Nirvana; |
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Eightfold Path
-Wisdom (pañña) |
o Three Poisons and their antidotes
• Moha (ignorance), Lobha (greed), Dosa (hatred) • Antidotes: love, compassion and wisdom o Karma (Kamma) Conditioning Theory -karma means action • Intrapsychic karma: mind gets reconditioned by its own actions • Worldly karma: actions have consequences in the world • Cosmic karma: we are all one: if you hurt someone else, you are really hurting yourself • “What goes around comes around” o Death/Rebirth • Death: naturally occurring, the end of the inhabitance of one’s body but not the death of one’s soul • Rebirth: after death, our souls seek attachment to a new body, and that new body will be determined by karma o Samsara vs. Nirvana; • Samsara vs. nirvana = the cycle of birth/death/ rebirth compared to reaching Nirvana and Enlightenment |
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Eightfold Path
- Morality (sila) -----list |
o Criteria for identifying wholesome action
o Specific suggestions for speech/action/livelihood |
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Eightfold Path
- Morality (sila) |
o Criteria for identifying wholesome action: think to yourself, does this action bring harm or benefit? Is this motivated by moha, dosa or lobha? Or dana/metta/penna? Is this action compatible with the path to the cessation fo dukka?
o wholesome actions will bring positive results, unwholesome actions will not. o Specific suggestions for speech/action/livelihood: • Speech: tell the truth, to speak friendly, warm, and gently and to talk only when necessary • Action: act kindly and compassionately, to be honest, to respect the belongings of others, and to keep sexual relationships harmless to other • Livelihood: avoid dealing in weapons, dealing in living beings, working in meat production and butchery, and selling intoxicants and poisons, such as alcohol and drugs. |
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Eightfold Path
-Awareness training ---- list |
o 4 Great Efforts/Mindfulness/Concentration
o Brahmaviharas: → emotional states to be strived for o Jhanas: meditative state |
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Eightfold Path
-Awareness training |
o 4 Great Efforts/Mindfulness/Concentration
1) non arising of eveil 2) abandonment of evil 3) arising of skillful qualities 4) maintenance of skillful qualities • Anapanasati: mindful breathing • Samatha: calm abiding → concentration meditation practices • Vipassana: insight into the nature of reality; insight meditation • Metta: loving-kindness; love without clinging (upadana) • Nondual: no “I” → the non-separateness between self and other • Cognitive Reframing: restructuring stressful stimuli as a more positive experience; replacing negative thoughts with more positive self-talk. • Emptiness: “form is emptiness, emptiness is form.” → supreme mantra, voidness → nothing possesses an essential, enduring identity o Brahmaviharas: → emotional states to be strived for • Metta: Loving-kindness ----- Near enemy: attached love ----- Far enemy: hatred • Karuna: Compassion ----- Near enemy: pity ----- Far enemy: cruelty • Mudita: Joy with others ----- Near enemy: exuberance ----- Far enemy: resentment • Upekkha: Equinimity ----- Near enemy: indifference ----- Far enemy: craving, clinging o Jhanas: meditative state • Form (rupajhanas): the mind is focused on an object, stages 1-4, relatively easy to obtain • Formless (arupajhanas): the mind is focused on non-material objects, stages 5-8 → harder to obtain |
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Result of eightfold path
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superior knowledge, liberation
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Three Marks of Conditioned Existence (list)
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-dukkha
-anicca -anatta |
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Three Marks of Conditioned Existence
-dukkha |
o Dukkha is defined as suffering from dissatisfaction, discontent, anxiety, and/or attraction. Under dukkha, there are 3 types of suffering:
• Ordinary suffering (dukkha-dukkha) results from old age, illness, not reaching one’s goals, the loss of a loved one; essentially any stress from life and its daily events. All physical and mental sufferings fall into this category. • Example: The death of a parent produces grief, which is a form of ordinary suffering, or dukkha-dukkha. • Suffering as a result of change (virapinama-dukkha) results from moving away from pleasant events and stimuli; good things do not last forever, and when they are gone, they may produce pain and suffering. • Example: Moving away from your childhood home to an unfamiliar city in a new state can produce anxiety and suffering as a result of change. • Suffering as conditioned states (samkara-dukkha) is defined as suffering from attachment to one of the 5 aggregates listed below. An individual is composed of these 5 aggregates, a combination of physical and mental forces that are constantly changing. • Form (Rupa) • Feeling (Vedana) • Perception/Cognition (Sañña) • Fabrications/Volitions (Sankhara) • Consciousness (Viññana) - The Cause of Suffering: Samudaya (Diagnosis) |
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Three Marks of Conditioned Existence
-anicca ---- list |
- Anicca: Impermanence
o Conceptual Understanding o Experiential Understanding |
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Three Marks of Conditioned Existence
-anicca |
- Anicca: Impermanence
o Conceptual Understanding= things have no fixed nature, essence, or self; because all phenomena are impermanent, and in a state of flux o Experimental Understanding= through vipassana meditation with a heightened state of awareness so one can understand the true nature of reality |
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Three Marks of Conditioned Existence
-anatta ------ list |
o Five Skandhas and the Empirical Theory
o Shinzen’s Theory o Nondual Theory o Emptiness Theory |
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Three Marks of Conditioned Existence
-anatta |
- Anatta: the notion of “not-self”
o Five Skandhas and the Empirical Theory • Form (Rupa) • Feeling (Vedana) • Perception/cognition (Sañña) • Fabrication/ volition (Sankhara) • Consciousness (Viññana) • Empirical Theory: the objects that we cling to are not who we are. Self is found in direct experience among the 5 aggragates/skandhas o Shinzen’s Theory • Affectionate awareness, alert during day and resful at night --- meditation is the best of both world o Nondual Theory • The nature of your mind and the universe are nondual, reality is not physical or mental o Emptiness Theory • “form is emptiness, emptiness is form” |
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Different kinds of desire
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o Dosa/Lobha = hatred and greed
o Tanha= craving, thirst o Objects of desire o Existence for things we desire o Non-existance for things we don’t desire o Upadana= attachment, clinging, grasping o Attachment to objects of desire o Attachment to views o Attachment to vows/precepts o Attachment to doctrine of self o Chanda= desire to do (out of generosity not jealousy) o Desire to obtain/accomplish o Cetana= volitional impulse which precedes/ triggers an action |
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Sunyata
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Emptiness --- things exist only interdependently, lacking any independent nature
-Awareness Approach --- Strategies for realizing nondual awareness= equanimity, turning awareness back on itself, seeing all phenomena as nondual awareness -Analytical Approach --- • All phenomenal events are empty, then they are empty of any compelling ability to cause suffering; • Things do not cause dukkha, we condition them to give us dukkha -Two Truths • Conventional o Common sense and generally successful o The conventional truth is the acceptance of the appearances the world offers • There is a book on the table = conventionally true • Ultimate o Corresponds to facts and neither asserts nor presupposes the existence of any conceptual fiction o The ultimate truth is the truth that all things are empty • There is a book on the table = neither true nor false, |
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Developments (list)
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-Theravada
-Mahayana -Vajrayana |
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Developments
-Theravada BUDDHISM |
(Elder Path) BUDDHISM – Arahant Ideal
• Oldest buddist teachings • Arhats- enlighten themselves • Southern (Sri Lanka, Thailand, Burma, Laos, Cambodia, parts of Southeast Asia) • uses pali language |
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Developments
-Mahayana BUDDHISM |
(Great Vehicle) BUDDHISM – Bodhisattva Ideal
(great vehicle) Buddhism- Bodhisatva ideal (uses Sanskrit) • Northern (Tibet, China, Taiwan, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, parts of Southeast Asia ) • Emphasis on emptiness teachings -awareness approach -analytical approach -Nagarjuna is the founder!!!!!! |
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Developments
-Vajrayana BUDDHISM |
(Diamond Vehicle) Buddhism-Bodhisattva Ideal + Tantric Ritual
• Tibetan -awareness approach -analytical approach -Tsong-kha-pa is the founder!!!! |
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Three jewels:
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The Buddha is the guide.
The Dharma is the path. The Sangha are the teachers or companions along the way. |
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Five Precepts
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Five Precepts
1. No killing Respect for life 2. No stealing Respect for others' property 3. No sexual misconduct Respect for our pure nature 4. No lying Respect for honesty 5. No intoxicants Respect for a clear mind |
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Mara and what he stands for
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Mara is the demon, when Buddha was on his path to enlightenment he sent his daughters. They personify dukkha such as suffering, craving. He was able to overcome these armies to reach Enlightenment.
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