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28 Cards in this Set

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  • Back
Synthetic biology
a field of science and technology that seeks to recreate biological functions synthetically, as well as design and construct novel functions based on biological principles
molecular machine
a collection of molecular components which work synergistically to carry out a particular function
emergence
new properties that emerge from collections of individual components
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms with the exception of some viruses
proteins
organic compounds made of amino acids arranged in a linear chain and folded into a globular form
lipids
hydrophobic or amphiphilic small molecule
nanometer (nm)
one billionth of a meter
protein folding
the physical process by which polypeptide folds into its characteristic and functional three-dimensional structure from a random coil
biological membrane
a lamellar sheet in a biological system containing amphiphilic lipids and forming a hydrophobic barrier, for instance around cell or organelles
flagellar motor
a molecular motor in certain cells that functions in locomotion by actively rotating a flagellum
Brownian motion
thermally-driven movement at the molecular level caused by bombardment from neighboring atoms and molecules
kinesin
a protein that has the function of transporting materials to various locations inside a cell, similar to how a train transports cargo
biomaterials
materials existing in biological systems, or generated synthetically in order to interact with biological systems
DNA nanotechnology
a branch of nanotechnology which used the unique molecular recognition properties of DNA and other nucleic acids to create designed, controllable structures out of DNA
central dogma of molecular biology
the idea that genetic information flows from DNA sequence, to the RNA, to the protein sequence
polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
a scientific technique in molecular biology to amplify a single or a few copies of a piece of DNA across several orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence
fluorescent proteins
proteins that are fluorescent, or absorb and emit light at different wavelengths or colors
genome
the entirety of an organism's hereditary information
nanotechnology
the application of nano science in order to control processes on the nanometer scale (between 1-100 nm)
Moore's law
a trend in the history of computer hardware manufacturing where the number of transistors per unit area double every 18 months
nano materials
materials that are structured at the nanometer scale, which often results in new material properties that differ from the bulk properties
antibiotics
substances or compounds that kill bacteria or inhibit their growth
DNA sequencing
methods for determining the order or sequence of the nucleotide bases in a molecule of DNA (A,T,C, and G)
tissue engineering
"an interdisciplinary field that applies the principles of engineering and life sciences toward the development of biological substitutes that restore, maintain, or improve tissue function or a whole organ"
pharmaceutical drug
any chemical substance intended for use in the medical diagnosis, cure, treatment, or prevention of disease
artificial intelligence
the intelligence of machines and the branch of computer science that aims to create it
ethics
a branch of philosophy that addresses questions about morality- that is, concepts such as good and evil, right and wrong, virtue and vice, justice etc.
sustainability
the capacity to endure. in ecology, the word describes how biological systems remain diverse and productive over time