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84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Bacteria phylogeny based on rRNA studies.
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Bacteria phylogeny base on __________ studies.
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The phylum Proteobacteria have a common photosynthetic ancestor and includes most of the gram-negative bacteria.
Named after the Greek god, Proteus and is the largest taxonomic group of bacteria. |
The phylum Proteobacteria have a common __________ ancestor and includes most of the __________ bacteria.
Named after the Greek god, __________ and is the __________ taxonomic group of bacteria. |
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The alpha class of Proteobacteria
Some grow at low nutrient levels Some have unusual morphology Many are agriculturally important Several are medically important genra |
The alpha class of Proteobacteria
__________ __________ __________ __________ |
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Bartonella is bacillus shaped that causes Cat-scratch disease.
Phylum Proteobacteria Class alpha |
__________ is __________ shaped that causes Cat-scratch disease.
Phylum __________ Class __________ |
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Rickettsia is an obligate intracellularparasite that are bacillus or coccobacilli shaped. Transferred by arthropods and cause spotted fevers.
Rickettsia typhi causes Endemic murine typhus from fleas. Rickettsia rickettsii causes Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever from ticks. Phylum Proteobacteria Class alpha |
__________ is an obligate intracellular parasite that are __________ or __________ shaped. Transferred by arthropods and cause __________ fevers.
__________ causes Endemic murine typhus from __________ __________ causes Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever from __________ Phylum __________ Class __________ |
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Caulobacter uses its prosthecae for anchoring in low nutrient aquatic environments.
Hyphomicrobium uses its prosthecae for reproduction using budding in low nutrient environments. Phylum Proteobacteria Class alpha |
__________ uses its prosthecae for __________ in __________ nutrient aquatic environments.
__________ uses its prosthecae for __________ using budding in __________ nutrient environments. Phylum __________ Class __________ |
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Pelagibacter genus are very small with small genomes.
Pelagibacter ubique is an abundant marine microbe. Phylum Proteobacteria Class alpha |
__________ genus are very small with __________ genomes.
__________ is an abundant marine microbe. Phylum __________ Class __________ |
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Azospirillum grows with tropical grasses and sugar cane.
Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium infect roots of legumes and form root nodules. They are nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Phylum Proteobacteria Class alpha |
__________ grows with tropical grasses and sugar cane.
__________ and __________ infect __________ of legumes and form __________. They are __________ bacteria. Phylum __________ Class __________ |
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Nitrifying bacteria are chemoautotrophs that oxidize nitrogen.
Nitrobacter oxidizes nitrite to nitrate and is in the class alpha. Nitrosomonas oxidizes ammonium to nitrite and is in the class beta. |
__________ bacteria are __________ that __________ nitrogen.
__________ oxidizes nitrite to nitrate and is in the class __________. __________ oxidizes ammonium to nitrite and is in the class __________. |
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Agrobacterium inserts plasmid into plant cells that induce tumors (Crown gall disease).
Phylum Proteobacteria Class alpha |
__________ inserts __________ into plant cells that induce __________ (__________ disease).
Phylum __________ Class __________ |
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Produce acetic acid from ethyl alcohol
Acetobacter Gluconobacter Phylum Proteobacteria Class alpha |
Produce __________ from ethyl alcohol
__________ __________ Phylum __________ Class __________ |
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Wolbachia is the most common infectious bacteria. It is an endosymbionts of insects and other animals.
If only the males are infected then no offspring will be produced. Phylum Proteobacteria Class alpha |
__________ is the most common infectious bacteria. It is an __________ of insects and other animals.
If only the __________ are infected then no offspring will be produced. Phylum __________ Class __________ |
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The beta Proteobacteria
Utilize nutrients diffusing from areas of decomposition of organic matter. hydrogen gas ammonia methane |
The beta Proteobacteria
Utilize __________ diffusing from areas of __________ of organic matter. __________ __________ __________ |
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Thiobacillus is a chemoautotroph that oxidizes sulfur.
Sphaerotilus has a hollow sheath with polar flagellaand causes problems in sewage. Phylum Proteobacteria Class beta |
__________ is a chemoautotroph that oxidizes sulfur.
__________ has a hollow sheath with polar flagella and causes problems in __________. Phylum __________ Class __________ |
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Spirillum are large, aerobic freshwater bacterium with polar flagella.
Phylum Proteobacteria Class beta |
__________ are large, aerobic freshwater bacterium with polar flagella.
Phylum __________ Class __________ |
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Neisseria has multiple virulence factors that make it extremely pathogenic. (capsule and fimbriae)
Neisseria meningitidis causes Meningococcal meningitis Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes gonorrhea Phylum Proteobacteria Class beta |
__________ has multiple virulence factors that make it extremely pathogenic. (__________ and __________)
__________ causes Meningococcal meningitis __________ causes gonorrhea Phylum __________ Class __________ |
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Bordetella are aerobic, rod or coocobacillus shaped.
Bordetella pertussis causes whooping cough. Phylum Proteobacteria Class beta |
__________ are aerobic, rod or coocobacillus shaped.
__________ causes whooping cough. Phylum __________ Class __________ |
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The gamma Proteobacteria
Largest subgroup Great variety of physiological types Includes the enterics |
The gamma Proteobacteria
__________ __________ __________ |
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Beggiatoa are chemoautotrophs that oxidize sulfur and uses a gliding motility.
Beggiatoa alba is the only species. Phylum Proteobacteria Class gamma |
__________ are chemoautotrophs that oxidize sulfur and uses a gliding motility.
__________ is the only species. Phylum __________ Class __________ |
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Azotobacter and Azomonas are nitrogen fixing, free-living soil bacteria with a large ovoid cell with heavy capsule.
Phylum Proteobacteria Class gamma |
__________ and __________ are nitrogen fixing, free-living soil bacteria with a large ovoid cell with heavy capsule.
Phylum __________ Class __________ |
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Francisella is pleomorphic (many shapes).
Francisella tularensis causes tularemia (rabbit fever) and is resistant to many antibiotics. It is airborne and causes plague-like disease. Phylum Proteobacteria Class gamma |
__________ is pleomorphic (many shapes).
__________ causes tularemia (rabbit fever) and is __________ to many antibiotics. It is __________ and causes __________ disease. Phylum __________ Class __________ |
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Pseudomonas are aerobic rods with polar flagella. They metabolize wide variety of substrates, resistant to many antimicrobials, and cause denitrification.
Phylum Proteobacteria Class gamma |
__________ are aerobic rods with polar flagella. They metabolize wide variety of __________, resistant to many __________, and cause __________ .
Phylum __________ Class __________ |
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Legionella is found in streams, warm-water pipes, and cooling towers.
Legionella pneumophila causes a form of pneumonia called legionellosis or legionnaire's disease disease and survives inside aquatic amoeba. Phylum Proteobacteria Class gamma |
__________ is found in streams, warm-water pipes, and cooling towers.
__________ causes a form of pneumonia called legionellosis or legionnaire's disease and survives inside an __________. Phylum __________ Class __________ |
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Coxiella have resistant spore-likebody.
Coxiella burnetii causes Q fever transmitted by aerosols and milk. Phylum Proteobacteria Class gamma |
__________ have resistant spore-like body.
__________ causes Q fever transmitted by aerosols and milk. Phylum __________ Class __________ |
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Vibrio are facultative anaerobes.
Vibrio cholerae cause cholera and dysentery. Vibrio parahaemolyticus causes less severe gastroentreritis from undercooked shellfish. Phylum Proteobacteria Class gamma |
__________ are facultative anaerobes.
__________ cause cholera and dysentery. __________ causes less severe gastroentreritis from undercooked shellfish. Phylum __________ Class __________ |
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Pasteurella are mainly pathogens of domestic animals that cause pneumonia and septicemia; passed from animal bites.
Pasteurella multocidia carried by Komodo dragon Phylum Proteobacteria Class gamma |
__________ are mainly pathogens of domestic animals that cause pneumonia and septicemia; passed from animal bites.
__________ carried by Komodo dragon Phylum __________ Class __________ |
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Haemophilus inhabit mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract, mouth, vagina, and intestinal tract. Requires heme factor and NAD cofactor.
Haemophilus ducreyi causes chancroid STD Haemophilus influenzae causes meningitis, pneumonia, bronchitis, septic arthritis, and ear aches. Phylum Proteobacteria Class gamma |
__________ inhabit mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract, mouth, vagina, and intestinal tract. Requires heme factor and NAD cofactor.
__________ causes chancroid STD __________ causes meningitis, pneumonia, bronchitis, septic arthritis, and ear aches. Phylum __________ Class __________ |
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Enterobacteriales are facultative anaerobes with peritrichous flagella. Most ferment glucose and other sugars and inhabit intestinal tracts of animals (humans).
Phylum Proteobacteria Class gamma |
__________ are facultative anaerobes with peritrichous flagella. Most ferment glucose and other sugars and inhabit intestinal tracts of animals (humans).
Phylum __________ Class __________ |
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Escherichia
Comes from fecal contamination UTI and Travelers Diarrhea Escherichia coli causes food poisoning __________ Proteobacteria __________ Enterobacteriales __________ Gamma |
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Comes from fecal contamination UTI and Travelers Diarrhea __________ causes food poisoning Phylum __________ Order __________ Class __________ |
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Salmonella
Salmonella enterica has 2400 servors (variations), servor typhi causes typhoid fever. Phylum Proteobacteria Order Enterobacteriales Class Gamma |
__________
__________ has 2400 servors (variations), servor __________ causes typhoid fever. Phylum __________ Order __________ Class __________ |
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Shigella causes shigellosis or bacillary dysentery.
Phylum Proteobacteria Order Enterobacteriales ClassGamma |
__________ causes shigellosis or bacillary dysentery.
Phylum __________ Order __________ Class __________ |
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Yersinia pestis cause plague.
Phylum Proteobacteria Order Enterobacteriales Class Gamma |
__________ cause plague.
Phylum __________ Order __________ Class __________ |
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Proteus are swarmer cells that cause UTI and wound infections.
Phylum Proteobacteria Order Enterobacteriales Class Gamma |
__________ are swarmer cells that cause UTI and wound infections.
Phylum __________ Order __________ Class __________ |
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The delta Proteobacteria
Some species are predators on other bacteria Important contributors to the sulfur cycle |
The delta Proteobacteria
__________ __________ |
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Bdellovibrio attack other gram negative bacteria similar to a virus.
Phylum Proteobacteria Class delta |
__________ attack other gram negative bacteria similar to a virus.
Phylum __________ Class __________ |
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Desulfovibrio live in the human intestinal tract and anaerobic sediments. They reduce sulfur and release tons of H2S annually.
Phylum Proteobacteria Class delta |
__________ live in the human intestinal tract and anaerobic sediments. They reduce sulfur and release tons of H2S annually.
Phylum __________ Class __________ |
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Myxococcus have a gliding motility and feed on other bacteria they encounter. Cells form a fruiting body loaded with myxospores.
Phylum Proteobacteria Class delta |
__________ have a gliding motility and feed on other bacteria they encounter. Cells form a fruiting body loaded with __________ .
Phylum __________ Class __________ |
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The epsilon Proteobacteria
Microaerophillic, helical or vibroid rods Motile by means of flagella |
The epsilon Proteobacteria
__________ __________ |
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Campylobacter fetus causes spontaneous abortion in domestic animals
Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial diarrhea Phylum Proteobacteria Class epsilon |
__________ causes spontaneous abortion in domestic animals
__________ is the leading cause of bacterial diarrhea Phylum __________ Class __________ |
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Non-proteobacteria gram-negative bacteria
Includes several photosynthetic bacteria Oxygenic and anoxygenic |
Non-proteobacteria gram-negative bacteria
__________ __________ and __________ |
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Gram negative photosynthetic non-proteobacteria colors
Greens Gram negative photosynthetic proteobacteria colors Purples |
Gram negative photosynthetic non-proteobacteria colors
__________ Gram negative photosynthetic proteobacteria colors __________ |
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Cyanobacteria once considered blue-green "algae", fix nitrogen in heterocysts making them adaptable to nutrient poor environments.
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__________ once considered blue-green "algae", fix nitrogen in __________ making them adaptable to nutrient poor environments.
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Oxygenic photosynthesis may be responsible for oxygenating the atmosphere.
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__________ photosynthesis may be responsible for __________ the atmosphere.
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Green (Chlorobi) and some purple (Proteobacteria) use anoxygenic photosynthesis produce sulfur rather than oxygen.
Phylum Cyanobacteria |
Green (__________ ) and some __________ (Proteobacteria) use __________ photosynthesis to produce sulfur rather than __________ .
Phylum __________ |
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Green (Chloroflexi) and some purple (Proteobacteria) use anoxygenic photosynthesis and organic compounds to reduce carbon dioxide and don't release oxygen or sulfur.
Phylum Cyanobacteria |
Green (__________ ) and some __________ (Proteobacteria) use __________ photosynthesis and organic compounds to reduce __________ and don't release __________ or __________.
Phylum __________ |
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Chlamydiae are gram negative coccoid shaped. Obligate intra-cellular pathogens transmitted through the air and direct contact with a complex life cycle.
Elementary body is the infectious stage (extracellular) Reticulate body is the reproductive stage (intracellular) |
__________ are gram negative coccoid shaped. Obligate intra-cellular pathogens transmitted through the air and direct contact with a complex life cycle.
__________ body is the infectious stage (extracellular) __________ body is the reproductive stage (intracellular) |
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Chlamydia trachomatis is the leading cause of preventable blindness and the most common STDs (nongonococcal urethritis, lymphogranuloma venereum) in the US.
Chlamydophila pneumoniae is a mild form of pneumonia. Chlamydophila psittaci or ornothosis is transmitted by birds. __________ Chlamydiae |
__________ is the leading cause of preventable blindness and STDs (nongonococcal urethritis, lymphogranuloma venereum)
__________ is a mild form of pneumonia. __________ is transmitted by birds. Phylum __________ |
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Spirochetes have a coiled morphology with axial filaments.
Treponema causes syphilis. Borrelia causes Lyme disease transmitted from ticks or lice. Leptrospira causes Leptospirosis from urine contaminated water. |
__________ have a coiled morphology with axial filaments.
__________ causes syphilis. __________ causes Lyme disease transmitted from __________ or __________. __________ causes Leptospirosis from urine contaminated __________. |
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Bacteroidetes are a phylum of anaerobic rods.
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__________ are a phylum of anaerobic rods.
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Prevotella are common in the human mouth.
Phylum Bacteroidetes |
__________ are common in the human mouth.
Phylum __________ |
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Cytophaga have a gliding motility and degrade cellulose and chitin in the soil.
Phylum Bacteroidetes |
__________ have a gliding motility and __________ cellulose and chitin in the soil.
Phylum __________ |
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Bacteroides are non-motile in gingival crevices and the large intestine (1 billion/gram of feces). They are frequently recovered from deep tissue infections that are caused by puncture wounds or surgery.
Phylum Bacteroidetes |
__________ are non-motile in gingival crevices and the large intestine (1 billion/gram of feces). They are frequently recovered from deep tissue __________ that are caused by __________ wounds or __________.
Phylum __________ |
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The phylum Fusobacteria are anaerobic and often are spindle shaped.
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The phylum __________ are anaerobic and often are spindle shaped.
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Fusobacterium are slender pointed rods found in gingival crevices that may be involved in dental abscesses.
Phylum Fusobacteria |
__________ are slender pointed rods found in gingival crevices that may be involved in dental abscesses.
Phylum __________ |
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The phylum Plantomycetes are budding bacteria that blurs the line between cell types.
Planctomyces are aquatic stalked bacteria with no PTG in their cell wall similar to archaea. Gemmata have a double membrane around their DNA, similar to eukaryotes. |
The phylum __________ are budding bacteria that blurs the line between cell types.
__________ are aquatic stalked bacteria with no PTG in their cell wall similar to __________ . __________ have a double membrane around their DNA, similar to __________ . |
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The phylum Deinococcus includes only two species which are resistant to extreme environments.
Deinococcus radiodurans are radiation resistant. Thermus aquaticus are have heat tolerate enzymes used in PCR. |
The phylum __________ includes only two species which are resistant to extreme environments.
__________ are radiation resistant. __________ are have heat tolerate enzymes used in PCR. |
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Gram Positive bacteria are were historically grouped based on the C + G ratio. Now grouped by ribosomal RNA but the grouping hasn't changed any.
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Gram __________ bacteria are were historically grouped based on the C + G ratio. Now grouped by __________ but the grouping hasn't changed any.
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The phylum Firmicutes have a low C + G ratio and includes endospore forming and wall-less bacteria. It is a gram positive bacteria.
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The phylum __________ have a low C + G ratio and includes endospore forming and wall-less bacteria. It is a gram __________ bacteria.
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Clostridium are obligate anaerobes and form endospores that cause:
Clostridium Tenani that causes tetanus Clostridium botulinum that causes botulism These can't replicate in healthy tissue Phylum Firmicutes Class Clostridia Order Clostridiales |
__________ are obligate anaerobes and form endospores that cause:
__________ that causes tetanus __________ that causes botulism These can't replicate in __________ tissue Phylum __________ Class __________ Order __________ |
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Epulopiscium are very large bacteria with a huge genome. They are an endosymbiont in surgeonfish that reproduce by releasing cells through slit.
Phylum Firmicutes Class Clostridia Order Clostridiales |
__________ are very large bacteria with a huge __________ . They are an endosymbiont in __________ that reproduce by releasing cells through __________.
Phylum __________ Class __________ Order __________ |
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Thiomargarita is the largest bacteria that oxidizes sulfur and reduces nitrates.
Phylum Proteobacteria Class gamma |
__________ is the largest bacteria that __________ sulfur and __________ nitrates.
Phylum __________ Class __________ |
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The Bacillales order includes both rods and cocci, they are medically and commercially important.
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The __________ order includes both rods and cocci, they are medically and commercially important.
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Bacillus produce endospores and are aerobes or facultative anaerobes.
Bacillus anthracis cause anthrax. Bacillus thuringiensis is an insecticide. Bacillus cereus cause food borne illness. Phylum Firmicute Class Bacilli Order Bacillales |
__________ produce endospores and are aerobes or facultative anaerobes.
__________ cause anthrax. __________ is an insecticide. __________ cause food borne illness. Phylum __________ Class __________ Order __________ |
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Staphylococcus are grapelike clusters of cocci that are yellow pigmented colonies. They inhabit the skin and nasal cavity and grow in foods with high osmotic pressure.
Staphylococcus epidermidis is a common skin bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus is a virulent nasal bacteria. Phylum Firmicute Class Bacilli Order Bacillales |
__________ are grapelike clusters of cocci that are __________ pigmented colonies. They inhabit the skin and nasal cavity and grow in foods with high __________ pressure.
__________ is a common skin bacteria. __________ is a virulent nasal bacteria. Phylum __________ Class __________ Order __________ |
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Staphylococcus aureus is highly virulent. The toxins from it cause toxic shock syndrome, enterotixons that induce vomiting, exfolation toxin that causes scalded skinsyndrome, folliculitis, impetigo, and have resistant variates of MRSA and VRSA.
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__________ is highly virulent. The toxins from it cause toxic __________ syndrome, __________ that induce vomiting, __________ toxin that causes scalded skin syndrome, __________, __________, and have resistant variates of __________ and __________.
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The order Lactobacillales are commercially important and are aerotolerant and facultative anaerobes.
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The order __________ are commercially important and are aerotolerant and facultative anaerobes.
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Lactobacillus are lactic acid fermenting and are aerotolerant. Commonly found in the vagina, intestinal tract, and oral cavity. Used in the production of pickles, buttermilk, and yogurt.
Phylum Firmicutes Class Bacilli Order Lactobacillales |
__________ are lactic acid fermenting and are aerotolerant. Commonly found in the vagina, intestinal tract, and oral cavity. Used in the production of pickles, buttermilk, and yogurt.
Phylum __________ Class __________ Order __________ |
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Streptococcus are chains of cocci; aerotolerant and lactic acid fermenters. They are responsible for more illnesses and have a greater variety of diseases than any other group of bacteria.
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__________ are chains of cocci; aerotolerant and lactic acid fermenters. They are responsible for more illnesses and have a greater variety of diseases than any other group of bacteria.
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Streptococcus pyogenes are beta-hemolytic and cause impetigo, strept throat, scarlet fever, and necrotizing fascitis.
Streptococcus pneumoniae are alpha-hemolytic and cause pneumonia, ear infections, sinusitis, and meningitis. Streptococcus mutans are alpha-hemolytic and cause dental carries (cavities). Phylum Firmicutes Class Bacilli Order Lactobacillales |
__________ are __________ -hemolytic and cause impetigo, strept throat, scarlet fever, and necrotizing fascitis.
__________ are __________ -hemolytic and cause pneumonia, ear infections, sinusitis, and meningitis. __________ are __________-hemolytic and cause dental carries (cavities). Phylum __________ Class __________ Order __________ |
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Listeria contaminates dairy products and are psychrotrophs that survive inside phagocytes and may be responsible for stillbirths and birth defects.
Listeria monocytogenes is the disease listed Phylum Firmicutes Class Bacilli Order Lactobacillales |
__________ contaminates dairy products and are psychrotrophs that survive inside phagocytes and may be responsible for stillbirths and birth defects.
__________ is the disease listed Phylum __________ Class __________ Order __________ |
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The order Mycoplasmatales are wall-less, highly pleomorphic, and very small.
Phylum Firmicutes Class Mollicutes |
The order __________ are wall-less, highly pleomorphic, and very small.
Phylum __________ Class __________ |
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Mycoplasma pneumoniae causes __________ .
Phylum Firmicutes Class Mollicutes Order Mycoplasmatales |
__________ causes walking pneumonia.
Phylum __________ Class __________ Order __________ |
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Spiroplasma have a corkscrew morphology which are plant pathogens pathogens and parasites of plant feeding insects.
Phylum Firmicutes Class Mollicutes Order Mycoplasmatales |
__________ have a corkscrew morphology which are plant pathogens and parasites of plant feeding insects.
Phylum __________ Class __________ Order __________ |
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The phylum Actinobacteria have a high C + G ratio.
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The phylum __________ have a high C + G ratio.
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Mycobacterium are acid fast with mycolic acid in their membranes.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis. Mycobacterium leprae causes leprosy. __________ Actinobacteria |
__________ are acid fast with mycolic acid in their membranes.
__________ causes tuberculosis. __________ causes leprosy. Phylum __________ |
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Corynebacterium is club shaped with metachromatic granules.
Corynebacterium diphtheriae causes diphtheria which needs to be carrying a virus to cause it. __________ Actinobacteria |
__________ is club shaped with metachromatic granules.
__________ causes diphtheria which needs to be carrying a virus to cause it. Phylum __________ |
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Propionibacterium are propionic acid fermenters which are important in swiss cheese productions.
Propionibacterium acnes are the primary cause of bacterial acne. Phylum Actinobacteria |
__________ are propionic acid fermenters which are important in __________ cheese productions.
__________ are the primary cause of bacterial acne. Phylum __________ |
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Gardnerella are highly pleomorphic and gram variable.
Gardnerella vaginalis causes vaginitis. Phylum Actinobacteria |
__________ are highly pleomorphic and gram variable.
__________ causes bacterial vaginitis. Phylum __________ |
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Actinomycetes:
Common soil inhabitants Branching filaments Asexual spores Functional category |
Actinomycetes:
Common __________ inhabitants __________ filaments Asexual __________ Functional __________ |
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Streptomyces are used to make most antibiotics and produce gaseous geosmin, dirt smell.
Group Actinomycetes |
__________ are used to make most antibiotics and produce gaseous geosmin, dirt smell.
Group __________ |
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Actinomyces are found in the mouth and throat of animals.
Actinomyces israelii causes actinomycosis. Group Actinomycetes |
__________ are found in the mouth and throat of animals.
__________ causes actinomycosis. Group __________ |
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Frankia are nitrogen fixing bacteria that form root nodules with alder trees
Group Actinomycetes |
__________ are nitrogen fixing bacteria that form root nodules with alder trees
Group __________ |
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Klebsiella have some species that fix nitrogen.
Klebsiella pneumoniae causes a serious form of pneumonia. Phylum Proteobacteria Order Enterobacteriales Class gamma |
__________ have some species that fix nitrogen.
__________ causes a serious form of pneumonia. Phylum __________ Order __________ Class __________ |
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Helicobacter pylori is the common cause of ulcers.
Phylum Proteobacteria Class epsilon |
__________ is the common cause of stomach ulcers.
Phylum __________ Class __________ |