Bsc 2011C Exam Three Flash Cards Osmoregulation & Excretion

Front 1

Net water flow is from ____ to ______

Back 1

hypoosmotic to hyperosmotic

Front 2

Saltwater fish are _______ and their urine is _______

Back 2

hypotonic

concentrated

Front 3

Freshwater fish are _______ and their urine is _______

Back 3

hypertonic

dilute

Front 4

fish are born in freshwater live in saltwater and return to freshwater to breed

Back 4

Anadromous

Front 5

fish live in freshwater and enter saltwater to breed (e.g. many eels)

Back 5

Catadromous

Front 6

Rather than excreting all urea and TMAO, ______________ add some to their tissues. TMAO protects tissues from urea damage

Back 6

Elasmobranchs

Front 7

Excretion is the removal of ____________ of metabolism from cells

Elimination is the removal of __________ from the digestive tract

Back 7

nitrogenous byproducts

undigested food

Front 8

What is the most toxic and least energy consuming nitrogen by product? What is the least? What is intermediate?

Back 8

Most: Ammonia

Least:Uric Acid

Intermediate: Urea

Front 9

Nitrogenous waste mainly occurring in aquatic animals that can not be stored?

Back 9

Ammonia

Front 10

Nitrogenous waste that does not need to be diluted and can be stored in bladder?

Back 10

Urea

Front 11

Nitrogenous waste that does not need to be diluted, is good for the amniotic egg and can NOT be stored in bladder?

Back 11

Uric acid

Front 12

Flatworms use ____________ for osmoregulation

Back 12

Protonephridia

Front 13

Most Annelids use ___________ for osmoregulation & excretion

Back 13

Metanephridia

Front 14

Insects use _____________ for osmoregulation and excretion

Back 14

Malpighian Tubules

Front 15

Urinary system = ?

Back 15

Renal artery/vein, kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra

Front 16

Kidneys filter total blood volume ______ per day
Produces _______ of filtrate
Reaborbs ______ of filtrate
Excretes _____

Back 16

-300 times
-180 L
- 95%
- 1.5L

Front 17

basic functional unit of kidney
1,000,000 in human kidney

Back 17

Nephron

Front 18

Most nephrons only in

Back 18

Cortex

Front 19

15% of nephrons have long tubes that stretch down into medulla called

Back 19

juxtamedullary nephrons

Front 20

renal corpuscle = ?

Back 20

Bowman’s capsule + glomerulus

Front 21

_______ is actively pumped out of proximal tubule and ______ passively follows. _______ follows via osmosis.

Back 21

Sodium

Chloride

H2O

Front 22

The descending limb of the loop of Henle is permeable to ______ and not _______ (or other solutes).

Back 22

H2O

NaCl

Front 23

The ascending limb of the loop of Henle is permeable to ______ and not _______.

Back 23

Na+ & Cl-

H2O

Front 24

In the thin portion of the ascending limb ______ exits due to _______.

In the thick portion of the ascending limb ______ exits due to _______.

Back 24

NaCl exits due to diffusion

NaCl exits due to active transport

Front 25

group of capillaries surrounding Loop of Henle that returns H2O and NaCl from Loop of Henle back to blood

Back 25

Vasa Recta

Front 26

____ and _____ are reabsorbed in the distal tubule and ________ is excreted.

Back 26

H2O and NaCl

K+

Front 27

Final processing in the collecting duct depends on bodies needs and is regulated by __________

Back 27

hormones

Front 28

If H2O and salt needed by body Na+ permeability increased by presence of ?

Back 28

aldosterone from adrenal gland

Front 29

If only H2O is needed by body:H2O permeability increased by?

Back 29

ADH from pituitary

Front 30

Where is H2O reabsorbed (4)?

Back 30

Proximal tubule, descending limb, distal tubule, and collecting duct.

Front 31

Where is NaCl actively reabsorbed?

NaCl passively reabsorbed?

Back 31

Active: proximal tubule, thick segment of ascending limb, distal tubule, and Collecting duct

Passive: Thin segment of ascending limb

Front 32

Where does K+ enter tubule for excretion?

Back 32

Distal tubule.