Bsc 2011C Exam Four Flash Cards Plant Structure And Growth

Front 1

Function of Root/Root system?

Back 1

Water/mineral uptake
Gas exchange
Anchoring

Front 2

Shoot system is composed of?

_______ = transport, support, growth

_______ = photosynthesis, gas exchange, transpiration

Back 2

- Stem and Leaf

-stem

-leaf

Front 3

1) Tissue that is the outter protective covering?

2) Tissue responsible for transport of water, minerals and nutrients?

3) Tissue for photosynthesis, storage and support?

Back 3

1) dermal

2) vascular

3) Ground

Front 4

Primary Cell Wall

Back 4

• made of cellulose,
• develops during growth of cell.

Front 5

Secondary Cell Wall

Back 5

• thicker than primary
• develops after cell stops growing,
• is internal to primary cell wall and adds strength.
• Made of cellulose and lignin or other molecules
• Occurrence and thickness of 2o cell wall varies among plants and cell types.

Front 6

Most abundant cell type; Multiple functions involved in protection, synthesis and storage; Thin primary cell wall; most lack secondary walls; Can differentiate into other cell types

Back 6

Parenchyma Cells

Front 7

• Grouped in strands (often just below epidermis)
Flexible Support
• Give flexible support to young plant parts w/o restraining growth
• Unevenly thickened primary cell walls;
• No secondary walls

Back 7

Collenchyma Cells

Front 8

-Rigid support
• Thick secondary cell walls w/lignin
• Provide strong structural support in nongrowing parts
• Often dead at maturity

Back 8

Sclerenchyma Cells

Front 9

Two types of Sclerenchyma cells?

Back 9

Sclereids and Fibers

Front 10

Location and Function of dermal tissue?

2 Main types?

Back 10

Location: Lines surfaces of roots, stems, & leaves
Function: Protects plant body surface

Epidermal and Peridermal

Front 11

______ external covering of leaves & roots and in non-woody plants of stems

________ aka “bark” of woody plants

Back 11

Epidermal tissue

Peridermal tissue

Front 12

•Pores that occur in leaves and stems
•Regulate H2O, gas and heat exchange
• Lined by guard cells

Back 12

Stomata (singular = stoma)

Front 13

The stomata pumps _______ out of guard cells causing negative membrane potential

Back 13

H+

Front 14

2 types of vascular tissue?

Back 14

xylem and phloem

Front 15

moves water and minerals up from roots throughout plant

Back 15

Xylem tissue

Front 16

moves sugars produced in leaves to stem and roots

Back 16

Phloem tissue

Front 17

scattered strands containing xylem and phloem
Separated from surrounding tissue by bundle sheath cells

Back 17

Vascular bundle

Front 18

central core containing all of the xylem and phloem

Back 18

Vascular cylinder

Front 19

2 cell types of the xylem?

Back 19

Tracheids
Vessel Element

Front 20

Occur in all vascular plants
Function in transport & support
2o wall has pits for lateral water flow
Thick 2°walls w/lignin for support

Back 20

Tracheids

Front 21

Only occur in angiosperms (and a few others)
Wider and shorter than tracheids
Thinner walls than tracheids (less lignin)
Pits for lateral transport
End wall perforations for longitudinal transport

Back 21

Vessel elements

Front 22

Cells of the xylem are _______ at maturity

Back 22

Dead

Front 23

Cells of the phloem are _______ at maturity

Back 23

Alive

Front 24

2 cell types of the phloem?

Back 24

sieve-tube members
companion cells

Front 25

Nutrients flow longitudinally btwn cells via them.
No nucleus or ribosomes (thus don’t make proteins)

Back 25

Sieve-tube members

Front 26

Connect to sieve tube members via channels (plasmodesmata)
Exports proteins to STM

Back 26

Companion cells

Front 27

All tissue that are not dermal or vascular tissues
Comprises most plant tissue
Functions: Photosynthesis, storage, support

Back 27

Ground Tissue

Front 28

ground tissue internal to vascular tissue

Back 28

Pith

Front 29

tissue external to vascular tissue

Back 29

Cortex

Front 30

Some species derive leaves from stems and others from flowers--example of ?

Back 30

convergent evolution

Front 31

2 parts to each leaf or leaflet

Back 31

Petiole and Blade

Front 32

attaches blade to stem
Does not occur most monocots (i.e. blade attached directly to stem)

Back 32

Petiole

Front 33

Epidermis cells produce?

Back 33

- cuticle
- Trichomes

Front 34

Function of Trichomes?

Back 34

- reduce predation
- insulate by trapping air

Front 35

- more on lower surface to reduce H2O loss
- regulate H2O, gas and heat exchange

Back 35

Guard cells

Front 36

In the veins of vascular tissue ________ is on top and _______ is on bottom.

Back 36

Xylem

Phloem

Front 37

________ mesophyll = tightly spaced cells

________ mesophyll = Loosely spaced cells allow gas movement

Back 37

Palisade mesophyll

Spongy mesophyll

Front 38

Root system of monocots?

Back 38

fibrous root system

Front 39

Root system of dicots?

Back 39

taproot and branch roots

Front 40

_________secretes slimy polysaccharide (“mucilage”)

Back 40

root cap

Front 41

Function of root cap secretions?

Back 41

Protects the apical meristem and
lubricates the soild around the tip of the root

Front 42

extensions of epidermis cells
increase surface area and thus H2O absorption
thin and fragile

Back 42

Root hairs

Front 43

________ = aboveground horizontal stem

Back 43

Stolon

Front 44

________ = belowground horizontal stem

Back 44

Rhizome

Front 45

_______ are enlarged ends of rhizomes or stolones specialized for storing food

Back 45

tubers

Front 46

Terminal Bud Scar is?

Back 46

The previous year's terminal bud scale

Front 47

_______are areas of undifferentiated cells which generatedifferentiated cells for new organs (like stem cells)

Back 47

Meristems

Front 48

Mitosis in Root Apical Meristem

Back 48

Zone of cell division

Front 49

push root tip down

Back 49

Zone of elongation

Front 50

differentiation into specific cells

Back 50

Zone of maturation

Front 51

Cork cambium forms in

Back 51

cortex

Front 52

all tissues outside the vascular cambium (primary and 2ndary phloem, CC, cork)

Back 52

Bark

Front 53

Does Bark have vascular tissue?

Back 53

Yes

Front 54

all tissues outside the vascular tissue (cork cambium, cork)

Back 54

Periderm

Front 55

Appear as slits in the bark
Space btwn cork cells that allow for gas exchange
Trunk cells still have lenticels bc of gas exchange required for respiration despite no photosynthesis in the truck

Back 55

Lenticels