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103 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the genera comprising the Flaviviridae?
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Flavivirus
Pestivirus Hepatitis C Virus |
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Which group of viruses are transmitted by arthropods?
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Arbovirus
ARthropod BOurne virus |
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What are some diseases caused by Flavivirus?
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West Nile Virus
Dengues Yellow Fever |
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T or F:
Nearly all arboviruses are enveloped, positive sense, ssRNA viruses. |
True! According to wikipedia, there is only one DNA arbovirus; all the rest are RNA.
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T or F:
Flavivirus capsids are icosahedral. |
False! Spherical with indistinct symmetry.
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What are some viruses in the group Pestivirus? Which is technically not an arbovirus?
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BVDV (not an arbovirus technically since it isn't arthropod borne)
Border Dz. Virus (BDV) Classical Swine Fever Virus (CSFV) Hog Cholera Virus (HCV) |
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What is a common sequel to West Nile Virus infection of birds? Of horses?
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Birds - high mortality
Horses - CNS issues |
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What is the vector for West Nile Virus?
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Mosquitoes
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What are the key points in West Nile Virus pathogenesis?
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TLR-3 dependent inflammatory response
Brain penetration Neuronal injury Innate immunity over-reaction Lethal encephalitis |
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What are some differential dx for West Nile Virus in a horse?
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Rabies
EPM Equine Encephalitis (eastern or western) Equine Herpes-1 |
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How can West Nile Virus be diagnosed? What tissues are necessary?
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PCR (swab, brain, feather)
IgM capture ELISA |
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Is there a vaccine for West Nile Virus?
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Yup. Killed vaccine.
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What is the tissue tropism for most Pestiviruses?
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Lymphoid tissue
Mucosal epithelium |
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What are the two genotypes of BVDV? What are the two biotypes of BVDV?
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Genotypes = BVDV-1 and BVDV-2
Biotypes = cytopathic and non-cytopathic |
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Under what conditions does BVDV cause mucosal disease?
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When non-CPE strain mutates to a CPE strain.
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What biotype will you find in normal-looking, chronically-infected BVDV animals?
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non-CPE BVDV
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What happens when a cow in early pregnancy contracts BVDV?
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Abortion.
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What happens when a pregnant cow (80-125d gestation) contracts BVDV?
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Fetal lesion; retarded growth
Newborn is seronegative but sheds virus. High probability of developing mucosal disease. |
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What happens when a pregnant cow (>125d gestation) contracts BVDV?
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Fetuses survive and develop neutralizing antibodies
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What sample and what tests do you run to diagnose BVDV?
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Ear notch sample
IHC, antigen capture ELISA, RT-PCR |
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What is the most serious disease of swine? What virus causes this? What viral family does this virus belong to?
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Hog cholera (classic swine fever)
CSFV, a pestivirus from Flaviviridae |
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How is the CSFV transmitted? Which route is most common?
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Orally (most common)
conjunctiva mucous membrane skin abrasion insemination blood transfer (iatrogenic) |
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What are the two major genera of Togaviridae?
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Alphavirus
Rubivirus |
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What lesions are present with persistent BVDV infection?
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Eruptive lesions on skin of interdigital cleft
Intermittent diarrhea |
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What diseases does BVDV cause?
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Mucosal disease
Diarrhea Abortions |
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What is Hog Cholera? What family does the HCV belong to?
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Hog Cholera is #1 dz of swine!
Classic Swine Fever Virus (CSFV) Family Flaviviridae, genus Pestivirus |
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Is HCV arbovirus?
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Nope. No arthropod vector.
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What is the nature of HCV infection
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Hemorrhagic disease; high mortalitity.
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Can you explain the pathogenesis of HCV infection?
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Replicates in tonsils
Multiplies in cervical lymphoid tissue Systemic infection ensues Endothelial damage causes hemorrhage. |
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What kinds of disease does Arboviridae cause?
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Febrile disease
Encephalitis |
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T or F:
Alphaviruses are arboviruses. |
True! They are arthropod borne
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What are some viruses in the Alphavirus genus?
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Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus
Western EEV Venezuelan EEV Highlands J Virus Getah Virus Semlike Forest Virus ...whatever... |
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What is the tissue tropism for Alphaviruses?
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CNS
Muscle Connective Tissue Reticuloendothelial System (dendritic reticulum; lymphoid) |
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What is the vector for the EEEV?
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Mosquito
EEEV = Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus in case your dumb ass forgot |
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T or F:
Birds are dead-end hosts for Alphaviruses. |
False! They are definitive hosts; horses and humans are dead-end hosts!
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Which viral family has dsDNA as their genome
a. Parvovirus b. Retro c. Circo d. Adeno |
E. Adenovirus
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What genome does FMDV have?
a. –ssRNA b. dsRNA c. ssDNA d. +ssRNA |
d. +ssRNA
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What family does BVDV belong to?
a. adenoviridae b. Papovaviridae c. Flaviviridae d. Parvoviridae |
c. Flaviviridae
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What causes Mucosal Dz during BVDV infection?
a. Coinfection of BVDV1 and 2 b. Virulent strain of BVDV c. Infxn w/non-CPE biotype of BVDV d. Mutation of non-CPE biotype to CPE biotype |
d. Mutation of non-CPE biotype to CPE biotype
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What family does Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus (EEEV) belong to?
a. Picornaviridae b. Flaviviridae c. Togaviridae d. Arteriviridae |
c. Togaviridae
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What are the two main diseases caused by Arteriviridae?
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PRRSV (Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome Virus)
Equine Viral Arteritis |
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T or F:
The Arteriviruses are distinguished from Togaviruses by their capsid antigens. |
False!
Genome differences. Arteriviruses have nested mRNA like Coronaviruses but are like Togaviruses for everything else. |
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Which groups are considered "Nidovirales"?
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Arteriviridae
Coronaviridae Roniviridae RonJeremyviridae (just kidding) |
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What is the tissue tropism for PRRSV? What other virus has a similar tropism?
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Alveolar Macrophages (CSFV infects macs too)
Monocytes |
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Besides PRRSV, what other viruses cause respiratory disease in pigs?
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Parvovirus
Circovirus Picornavirus Porcine CMV |
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Which viruses cause abortions in pigs?
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PRRSV
Porcine Circovirus II Porcine Parvovirus |
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"Blue Ear" is associated with which virus?
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PRRSV
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What is the reproductive badness caused by PRRSV?
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Abortions
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What is the tissue tropism for the Equine Abortion Virus?
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Lymphoid tissue
vascular system |
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What are signs of equine viral arteritis?
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Vascular necrosis
Pink eye leukopenia (immunosuppression) hemorrhage thrombosis and infarct edema |
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Which viruses cause equine abortion?
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EAV (equine abortion virus)
EHV-1 |
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What are the cells that both PRRSV and EVA infect?
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Macrophages
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What are the common clinical feature in both PRRSV and EVA?
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Immunosuppression
Persistent infection |
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T or F:
Coronaviruses are some of the biggest RNA viruses. |
True
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What is the genome of the Coronaviruses?
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+ ssRNA
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What are the structural proteins of Coronavirus? Which is the major antigen?
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S (spike) protein - major antigen
E (envelope) M (membrane) |
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What is remarkable about the genome of Coronaviruses?
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Infectious genome.
Nested RNA |
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What are common diseases caused by Coronavirus infection?
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Diarrhears
Respiratory disease Hepatitis Encephalitis |
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What are some examples of Coronavirus?
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Bovine CV
FIP Virus (FeCV) Porcine Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis Virus Porcine Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus |
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What causes winter dysentery? What animals are affected?
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Bovine Coronavirus Enteritis;
Bovid and Camelid |
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What happens to piglets (<7d) infected with Porcine Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis Virus?
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Acute Encephalomyelitis; up to 100% mortality
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What happens to piglets <4wks but >7d old when infected with Porcine Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis Virus?
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Vomiting and Wasting Disease; high mortality; survivors become runts
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When is TGE infection common? What animal is affected?
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TGE = Transmissible Gastro Enteritis;
Common in winter; affects pigs |
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T or F:
Coronavirus infection in piglets has a high morbidity but low mortality; survivors end up as runts. |
False!
Very high mortality for piglets! |
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What virus mutates to become FIP?
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Feline Enteric Coronavirus
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What is the difference between the 2 serotypes of FeCV? Which can lead to FIP?
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Type 1 - common
Type 2 - recombinant w/canine coronavirus Both can cause FIP |
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What coronavirus is endemic in catteries?
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FeCV
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What is the tissue tropism for FeCV?
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Epithelial cells
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T or F:
There is little cross-reactivity between strains of FeCV. Thus, persistently infected FeCV cats are not protected from further FeCV infection. |
False!
Infected cats protected from infection with FeCV. |
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What is the tissue tropism for the FIP virus?
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Macrophage
Monocyte |
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What are common signs of FIP?
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Antibiotic-unresponsive fever
Progressive anorexia Weight loss Stunted growth Ascites (wet form) |
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What are some blood abnormalities seen with FIP?
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T-leukopenia
Hyperproteinemia Hyperglobulinemia Anemia Bilirubinemia |
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What immune complex is seen with FIP?
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Virus-IgG-C3
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Where are lesions seen in the dry form of FIP?
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Abdomen
Thorax CNS (uveal tract in eye) Surface granulomas |
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What viral infections can lead to cloudy eye in cats?
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Herpesvirus
Adenovirus Coronavirus |
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What is the common feature between Arteriviruse and Coronarviruses?
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Both are nidoviruses (nested, +ssRNA)
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What is the cause of the Blue ear and tiny black lesions on pig skin following PRRS infection?
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Multifocal ischemia (I think...not sure)
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What type cell are persistently infected following exposure of the Equine Viral Arteritis?
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Prostate and Seminal Vesicles
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What ss + sense RNA virus family contains the two major genera Alpha and Rubiviruses?
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Togaviridae
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T or F:
Alphaviruses are arboviruses. |
True!
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What are major disease types caused by Alphaviruses?
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Encephalitis and febrile disease
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Which one of the following viruses replicates in the cytoplasm?
Infectious canine hepatitis virus Bovine herpes type 1 virus Bovine papillomatosis virus Bovine viral diarrhea virus Swine Infleuenza virus |
BVDV
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Which one of the following viruses replicates in the nucleus?
Bluetongue Bovine viral diarrhea virus Rabies Equine Influenza Bovine Parainfluenza virus 3 |
Equine Influenza
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Which one of the following viral gnomes is infectious?
Rift Valley fever Canine distemper Equine viral arteritis FMDV FIV |
FMDV
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Which one of the following viruses belongs to Nidovirale ?
FeLV Infectious Bursal Disease virus Vesicular stomatitis virus Equine Herpes virus type 4 Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus |
Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus
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Which one of the following viruses causes latent infection following primary
infection? FMDV Bovine enteric coronarvirus Bovine herpes virus Bovine Rotavirus Bovine respiratory syncytial virus |
Bovine herpes virus
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Which one of the following viruses will have its genome integrated into host genome after infection?
a. Equine Influenza virus b. Equine infectious anemia virus c. Equine Herpes virus type-1 d. West Nile virus (WNV) e. Eastern Equine encephalitis |
b. Equine infectious anemia virus
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Which one of the following viruses has the most antigenic variation due to host immune pressure?
a. Avian sarcoma virus b. Avian Influenza c. New Castle disease d. Fowl pox virus e. Avian infectious laryngotracheitis virus |
b. Avian Influenza
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Which one of the following viruses can cause persistent infection?
IBR (Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis) BVDV (Bovine Viral Diarrhea virus) Bovine Rotavirus infeciton Bovine mammillitis-pseudolumpyskin disease (BHV-2) Bovine respiratory syncytial disease (BRSV) |
BVDV
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Which one of the following viruses is considered as an arbovirus?
Equine rhinovirus Equine Flu Equine Rhinopneumonitis (EHV-1) West Nile virus Equine Sarcoid virus |
West Nile virus
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Which one of the following viruses is an oncogenic retrovirus?
a. Bovine parainfluenza 3 b. Feline leukemia Virus (FeLV) c. Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) d. Caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE) e. Infectious laryngotracheitis |
b. Feline leukemia Virus (FeLV)
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Which one of the following viruses is a DNA tumor virus?
a. Feline panleukopenia b. Bovine papillomavirus c. Canine Adenovirus type 1 d. Feline Herpesvirus type 1 e. Equine Herpesvirus type 4 |
b. Bovine papillomavirus
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Which one of the following genes is an oncogene, if acquired by a retroviral genome?
Epidermal growth factor gene (EGF) Reverse Transcriptase gene Haemagglutinin gene Neuromindase gene alpha-Interferon gene |
Epidermal growth factor gene (EGF)
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Which one of the following diagnostic tests is a viral antigen test?
a. Immunofluorence assay of frozen section b. RT-PCR c. PCR d. Serum Neutralization e. HI |
a. Immunofluorence assay of frozen section
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Which one of the following virus strains is considered an exotic Newcastle disease
virus? Street strain Mesogenic strain Lentogenic strain Velogenic (viscerotropic) strain Classical strain |
Velogenic (viscerotropic) strain
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Which of the following virus families has segmented–dsRNA genome?
Adenoviridae Reoviridae Papovaviridae Parvoviridae Herpesviridae |
Adenoviridae - dsDNA, lin
(MONEY) Reoviridae - dsRNA, seg Papovaviridae - dsDNA, cir Parvoviridae - ssDNA, nonseg Herpesviridae - dsDNA, lin |
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Which of the following viruses causes acquired B lymphocyte deficiency in affected birds?
Visna-Maedi virus Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) Equine adenovirus type 1 Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Marek’s disease |
Infectious Bursal Disease Virus
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Which of the following viruses causes acquired T lymphocyte deficiency in affected animal?
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis Infectious canine hepatitis virus Equine adenovirus type 1 Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Equine infectious anemia virus |
Equine infectious anemia virus
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Which of the following viruses causes myocarditis in affected young animal?
Swine vesicular disease virus Bluetongue virus Foot-and-mouth disease virus Porcine circovirus type 2 Feline panleukopenia virus |
Foot-and-mouth disease virus
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Which of the following viruses causes T cell proliferation in affected animal?
Pseudorabies virus Canine papillomavirus Foot-and-mouth disease virus Bovine papillomavirus Bovine Leukemia virus |
Bovine Leukemia virus
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Which of the following viruses is associated with equine abortion?
Equine herpesvirus type 1 Equine herpesvirus type 4 Equine adenovirus Equine papillomatosis virus Equine infectious anemia virus |
Equine herpesvirus type 1
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Which one of the following viruses will have its genome integrated into host genome after infection?
Equine influenza virus Equine infectious anemia virus Equine herpes virus type-1 West Nile virus (WNV) Eastern Equine encephalitis |
Equine infectious anemia virus
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Which one of the following viruses has the most antigenic variation due to host immune pressure?
Avian sarcoma virus Avian Influenza New Castle disease Fowl pox virus Avian infectious laryngotracheitis virus |
Avian Influenza
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