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114 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the vesicular diseases that pigs get? What is the causative agent for each? |
FMD (Pirornavirus)
VS (Rhabdovirus) VES (Calicivirus) SVD (Enterovirus) |
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What are the vesicular diseases that horses get? What is the causative agent for each?
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VS (Rhabdovirus)
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What are the vesicular diseases that ruminants get? What is the causative agent for each?
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FMD (Picornavirus)
VS (Rhabdovirus) - Calves only |
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Contagious ecthyma is caused by which type of virus? What can it cause in humans?
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Parapox; causes milkers nodules in humans
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What is a common sequella to all types of stomatitis?
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Necrotizing stomatitis (calf diptheria)
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What organism causes a common secondary infection occurring with stomatitis in calves?
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Fusobacterium necrophorum infection (calf diptheria)
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Large lesions of granulation tissue and ulcers in the oral cavity of a husky is likely (name 2 differentials)...
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Oral eosinophilic granuloma;
SCC |
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What are two types of oral stomatitis that are commonly seen in cats?
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Oral eosinophilic granuloma;
Lymphoplasmocytic stomatitis |
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Where are the majority of canine alimentary neoplasms found?
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Oral cavity
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T or F:
Gingival hyperplasia is more common in dolicocephalic dogs. |
False!
More in brachycephalic dogs. |
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Identify these diseases
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A - Lymphoplasmacytic stomatitis
B - Oral eosinophilic granuloma |
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What type of oral neoplasia is common in cats? What is its distribution?
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SCC on ventrolateral surface of tongue and tonsils;
Also Fibrosarcomas (FeLV associated) |
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What oral neoplasia is common in dogs?
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Malignant melanoma;
Oral papillomas (papovirus in young dogs) |
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What are three causes/conditions that can discolor the teeth?
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Tetracycline
Canine distemper Bovine porphyria |
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A tumor arising in the periodontal ligament is known as a(n)...
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...epulus
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What are some common neoplasms affecting the tonsils of the dog? The cat? Where do these commonly metastasize to?
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Dog - lymphoma
Cat - SCC DON'T METASTASIZE commonly; no efferent lymphatics! |
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Vocab....
Cystic distention of salivary duct... Collection of salivary gland secretions in a non-epithelial cyst... |
1) ranula
2) salivary mucocoele |
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What are two viral causes of sialoadenitis in dogs?
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CDV
Rabies |
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T or F:
Thrush is always a secondary infection. |
True!
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Which species commonly is seen with lingual epithelial hyperplasia?
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Piglets!
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What is the most common lingual neoplasm?
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Rhabdomyoma
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ID these:
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A - Sialolith
B - Lingual epithelial hyperplasia C - Ranula |
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Describe the pathogenesis of woodentongue.
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Actinobacillosis causes lingual fibrosis
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What are some causes of acquired megaesophagus?
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Myasthenia gravis
Polymyositis Hypothyroid Poisoning (Pb or Tl) |
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What esophageal finding in horses and pigs is idiopathic and incidental?
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Idiopathic muscular hypertrophy of the distal esophagus
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Where does choke usually occur? (4 regions)
What is one way to treat choke without surgery? |
1) dorsal to larynx
2) thoracic inlet 3) base of heart 4) diaphragmatic hiatus Tx: hit it with a 2x4 (according to Dr. Gelberg) |
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What is a common sequel to non-fatal choke?
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Esophageal scarring and strictures
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ID these esophageal conditions/diseases
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A - dilation of mucous glands
B - Leukoplakia C - muscular hypertrophy |
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What are the two types of ruminal tympany? What is the cause of each?
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Primary tympany (diet)
Secondary (physical obstruction or stenosis) |
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What can cause lactic acidosis in ruminants? What commonly happens after this?
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Diet or weather change can promote overgrowth of G+ bacteria. pH drops below 5, killing normal flora and damaging mucosa.
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Which agents are typically implicated in bacterial rumenitis? What other lesions may be seen?
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Arcanobacterium pyogenes and Fusobacterium necrophorum;
liver abscesses may be seen |
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Low roughage diet leads to...
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...rumenal parakeratosis
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What bacterium may be implicated in GDV?
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Clostridium perfringens
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How can you tell if equine abdominal rupture is post or antemortem?
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Antemortem will have hemorrhage and/or fibrin
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What are three major causes of pharyngitis?
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Necrobacillosis
Strangles Lymphosarcoma |
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Stellate scars are indicative of...
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...healed rumenitis lesions
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What is a common cause of mycotic rumenitis?
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Antibiotics
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What is braxy? What causes it?
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Braxy = acute gastritis;
Clostridium septicum (hemorrhagic gastritis) |
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What are common causes of porcine gastritis?
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Brachyspira (swine dysentery)
Salmonella Haemophilus |
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What gives with this stomach? In which breeds does this commonly occur?
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Redundant gastric mucosa;
Basenjis, boxers, bull terriers, beagles |
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What conditions are necessary for ulcer development?
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Local trauma
Normal to low pH local disturbances to blood flow |
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Ulcers are associated with what type of tumor in dogs?
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Mast cell tumors
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What conditions are associated with gastric ulcers in swine? Where do they occur in the stomach?
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penned pigs w/finely ground grain diet;
ulcers occur in esophageal portion of stomach |
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Which parasite creates brood pouches near the margo plicatus?
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Draschia megastoma
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Which parasite causes bottlejaw in ruminants?
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Haemonchus contortus
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What is the most common cause of protein losing enteropathy in cattle?
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Ostertagia ostertagii
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What type(s) of gastric neoplasia are common in the horse? Cattle?
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Horse - SCC
Cattle - Lymphosarcoma |
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What type(s) of gastric neoplasia are common in the dog?
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Adenocarcinoma
Leiomyoma Lymphosarcoma Mast cell tumor |
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What is a major cause of congenital megacolon? What type of horse is this commonly seen in?
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Congenital lack of myenteric plexus;
Seen in Overo foals (white paint) with aganglionic colon and rectum |
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How can megacolon be acquired?
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Usually trauma (butt sex??)
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Where do enteroliths lodge in horses?
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Pelvic flexure
Transverse colon |
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In which species is intestinal stricture the most common? What additional insult may this cause?
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Intestinal stricture common in pigs;
can cause cranial rectal thrombosis |
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Which of the following is NOT a cause of paralytic ileus?
a) Non-mechanical hypomotility b) continuous nerve discharge c) diabetes d) hyperthyroid e) uremia f) all of the above |
d) Hyperthyroid is not a cause
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Where are some common sites for internal intestinal incarceration in horses?
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Epiploic foramen
Renosplenic ligament Mesenteric tear |
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Where are common sites for intestinal herniation?
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Umbilicus
Inguinal canal Diaphragm Perineal Ventral abdomen |
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What is a common cause for RDC in the horse?
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Right dorsal colitis caused by nSAIDS
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Which form of intestinal strangulation is common in older horses and sometimes older dogs?
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Strangulation due to pedunculated lipomas
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Whats goin on here?
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Diverticulitis in the cecum!
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Why should you lube up??
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Prevents iatrogenic rectal tear in horses upon palpation (and the lawsuits that ensue)!!!
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Fibrinous peritinotis is an indication of...
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...ruptured bowel!
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What do these images depict? Where does it occur?
What is a proposed cause? |
Hemomelasma ilei in horse;
Antimesenteric surface of ileum; S. edentates migration |
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What is a non-pathogenic cause of leiomyometaplasia in the dog gut?
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Vit E/Se imbalance in dogs.
Homemade diet; rancid fat in diet |
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Tigerstripe rectum =
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straining to defecate
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What is depicted here?
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Lymphangectasia
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What is the M cell function?
Which pathogens use M cells as their site of entry? |
M cells form dome epithelium over GALT; they sample antigens.
Salmonella, Yersinia, Rhodococcus, and BVDV enter here |
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What are two viruses that cause disease of the absorptive intestinal cells?
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Coronavirus (Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus of swine)
Rotavirus |
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What are some bacteria or parasites that attack the absorptive intestinal cells?
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Swine dysentery (Brachyspira)
Coccidiosis Cryptosporidium Salmonella |
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What is a classic radiomimetic virus? What does this virus attack?
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Parvovirus!
Attacks crypt cells! |
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What are some causes of glycocalyx abnormalities?
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Enzyme deficiencies (eg: lactose intolerance)
Bacterial obliteration (eg: E. coli) Neomycin induced enzyme deficiency |
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What is the end result of diarrhea in terms of...
Intracellular H+? Intracellular K+? Control of myocardial contraction? |
Increased H+
Decreased K+ Decreased control |
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T or F:
Diarrhea leads to death due to dehydration. |
False!
Due to heart failure! |
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What are the four major types of colibacillosis that are important to vet med?
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Enterotoxic
Septicemic Enterotoxemic (edema disease) Post-weaning |
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Which type(s) of colibacillosis has no lesions?
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Enterotoxic; absorption is normal with this one. Only a secretory diarrhea.
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Which type(s) of colibacillosis affects neonatal calves?
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Enterotoxic
Septicemic |
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Which type(s) of colibacillosis causes fibrinous polyserositis?
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Septicemic
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Which type(s) of colibacillosis affects young pigs?
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Enterotoxic
Enterotoxemic (edema disease) Post-weaning colibacillosis |
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What are the lesions associated with Edema disease? What is the causative agent?
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Caused by Enterotoxemic E. coli;
Edema of GI mucosa, eyelids, spiral colon Cerebral angiopathy |
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Which type(s) of colibacillosis has neurologic lesions?
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Enterotoxemic (edema disease)
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T or F:
Very few salmonella species are pathogenic. |
False! ALL OF THEM ARE
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Does salmonellosis mostly affect small animals or farm animals?
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Farm animals. Domestic animals aren't affected much.
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What are lesions associated with peracute or acute salmonellosis?
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Cyanosis (blue tips)
Petechiae DIffuse catarrhal enteritis Hepatic paratyphoid nodules Lymphadenopathy Fibrinous cholecystitis (calves) |
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What are lesions associated with chronic enteric salmenellosis? Which animals are commonly affected?
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Button ulcers
Rectal strictures (pigs, horses, cows) |
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T or F:
All clostridial species produce enterotoxins. |
Ture! um I mean true...
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Which type of clostridium affects young animals?
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C. perfringens Type C
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Which clostridium type may present with nervous signs?
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C. perfringens type D
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Which clostridium type causes pulpy kidney?
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C. perfringens type D
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What causes Tyzzer's disease? How does this present in the rabbit? In other species?
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C. piliformis affects rabbit gut and other species liver
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Which type of clostridium causes antibiotic enteritis? What antibiotic is typically responsible?
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C. perfringens type A;
Lincomycin |
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Which equine enteritis agent enters via M cells? How can it be prevented?
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Rhodococcus equi;
Transmitted via helminths (worm control prevents it) |
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What causes seasonal, acute watery diarrhea in horses?
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Erlichiosis (Potomac horse fever)
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What are typical lesions for Potomac horse fever?
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NONE!
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Which equine enteritis is diagnosed by attrition? What must be ruled-out?
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Clostridial enteritis;
Must rule out Erlichiosis (Potomac horse fever) and Salmenellosis |
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Which ruminant enteritis agent enters via M cells? What are acute signs of infection?
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BVDV;
Acute multifocal erosive stomatitis, esophagitis, rumenitis, abomasitis |
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Which bovine enteritis includes projectile diarrhea as a sign? What causes this?
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Winter dysentery;
unknown etiology |
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What disease is probably the most costly disease of the dairy industry? What is the cause?
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Johne's disease (Mycobacterium avium spp. paratuberculosis)
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What are lesions associated with Johne's disease?
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Thickened mucosa/submucosa of distal ileum;
25% get aortic mineralization |
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Which enteric disease of swine is caused by a coronavirus? What are associated lesions?
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Transmissible gastroenteritis;
Atrophy of small intestinal villi |
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How do lesions associated with Brachyspira in swine differ from those caused by Salmonella?
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Brachyspira does not include ileum (like salmonella does)
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Swine dysentery is caused by what agent? Where are lesions found?
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Brachyspira hyodysenteriae;
Lesions in colon, spiral colon, cecum, rectum |
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What diseases does Lawsonia enteritis cause? Which animals does it affect?
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Intestinal adenomatosis
Hemorrhagic bowel syndrome Necrotizing bowel syndrome (pigs) |
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T or F:
Lawsonia enteritis causes proliferation that resembles Johne's disease. |
Kinda false...
It looks similar but it is epithelial and NOT submucosal! Pigs don't get Johne's |
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What are causes of Glasser's Disease? What animals does it affect?
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H. suis, H. parasuis & etc
In swine |
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What are the radiomimetic diseases?
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CPV
FePV Mink enteritis |
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What is the pathogenesis of "skip lesions" in a panleukopenia virus infection?
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these are areas in a stage of mitosis not affected by the virus
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What are lesions associated with parvovirus infection?
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Villous atrophy
Lymphoid necrosis leading to edema flaccid, segmentally reddend small intestine serositis myocarditis |
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What idiopathic disease causes soft feces in boxers and French bulldogs? What is the feline analogue?
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Ulcerative colitis;
Feline granulomatous colitis |
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What fungal disease affects dogs from the Ohio and Mississippi River valleys? What are lesions?
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Histoplasmosis;
Ileocolonic mucosal thickening & respiratory lesions (also Blastomycoses w/respiratory issues) |
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What are lesions associated with salmon poisoning?
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Granulomatous colitis (acute and hemorrhagic)
Splenolymphadenomegaly GALT hemorrhage |
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What is the causative agent for salmon poisoning?
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Neorickettsia helminthoeca (carried by Nanophyetus salmincola which infects the salmon)
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What type of canine enteritis is associated with poor parasite management? What is the causative agent?
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Canine multifocal eosinophilic gastroenteritis;
Eosinophilia assocated w/ T. canis infection |
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What two enteric diseases are German Shepherds predisposed to?
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Diffuse eosinophilic enteritis
Lymphocytic/plasmacytic enteritis (inflammatory bowel disease) |
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How does coccidiosis present in dogs? Cats? Cattle? Horses?
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Dogs/cats/cattle - hemorrhagic to proliferative intestinal lesions
non-pathogenic in horses |
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Which of the following has zoonotic potential?
a) Coccidiosis b) Cryptosporidiosis c) Giardiasis |
Crypto and Giardia
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Which type of ascarid doesn't infect horses?
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Whipworms
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