Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What effects ADH release more, osmolality or hypotension?
|
Osmolality!
|
|
What is the normal water consumption per day in the dog? The cat?
|
Dog - 60-70ml/kg/d
Cat - 20-40ml/kg/d |
|
What is the normal urine production per day in the dog? The cat?
|
Dog - 40-50ml/kg/d
Cat - 20ml/kg/d |
|
Animals with true PU/PD should NOT be able to concentrate their urine above __________.
|
1.030
|
|
Which of the following will NOT cause secondary nephrogenic DI?
a) Hypercalcemia b) Hyperthyroidism c) Endotoxin d) Mannitol administration e) Glucocorticoids |
d) Mannitol administration (causes OSMOTIC DIURESIS)
|
|
Which of the following WILL cause secondary nephrogenic DI?
a) Hyperadrenocorticism b) Hyperaldosteronism c) Hypoadrenocortism d) Hypoaldosteronism e) Hypothyroidism |
a) Hyperadrenocorticism
b) Hyperaldosteronism c) Hypoadrenocortism |
|
What is a big, non-endocrine differential for PU/PD?
|
Lower Urinary Tract Disease
|
|
Which of the following is NOT an osmotic cause of diuresis?
a) renal failure b) mannitol c) urea d) post-obstruction e) inulin |
e) inulin
|
|
What are causes of central DI?
|
Trauma
Neoplasia Cysts Idiopathic |
|
T or F:
An animal with central DI NEVER has USG >1.020. |
True!
|
|
What is the minimum database for working up a PU/PD case in a cat?
|
CBC/chem
UA + culture TT4 |
|
Persistent hyposthenuria (with completed modified water deprivation) is consistent with:
a) complete central DI b) primary nephrogenic DI c) partial central DI d) primary psychogenic polydipsia |
b)primary nephrogenic DI
|
|
What should be examined thoroughly during a physical workup of PU/PD?
|
Skin (for endocrinopathy)
Lymph nodes (lymphoma) Hydration status |
|
Blood pressure measurement may rule in/out which endocrinopathies?
|
Hyperthyroidism
Hyperaldostronism Hyperadrenocorticism |
|
What occurs in stage 1 of the modified water deprivation test? How does this occur?
|
Restore medullary gradient
(give 100 ml/kg/day of water then 12 hr fast) |
|
An animal continues to have USG <1.030 after stage 1 of the modified water deprivation test. What are the remaining differentials?
|
CDI
NDI possibly still psychogenic |
|
What occurs in stage 2 of the the modified water deprivation test. How does this occur?
|
Monitor the ADH response to dehydration
(remove water and monitor weight, renal values, Na levels, USG) |
|
An animal continues to have USG <1.030 after stage 2 of the modified water deprivation test. What are the remaining differentials?
|
CDI
NDI |
|
What occurs in stage 3 of the the modified water deprivation test. How does this occur?
|
Give vasopressin and monitor USG!
|
|
An animal continues to have USG <1.030 after stage 3 of the modified water deprivation test. What are the remaining differentials?
|
NDI
(maybe partial CDI) |
|
What are the treatment options for DI?
|
NOTHING (free choice water)
Desmopression (not for NDI) Thiazides (for NDI) Chlorpropamide |
|
If you diagnose a psychogenic (primary) polydipsia, how will you treat it?
|
Slow water reduction
Behavioral enrichment (reduce boredom) |
|
How can a NDI case be treated?
|
Free water access
Maybe NaCl restriction Thiazides |
|
How can a CDI case be treated?
|
Free water access
Maybe NaCl restriction Desmopressin |
|
T or F:
Growth hormone disorders will not be on our exam. |
Well, we didn't go over it but I don't wanna chance it!!!
|
|
Growth-related properties of growth hormone are mediated by _________.
|
IGF-1 (Insulin-like Growth Factor)
|
|
Which hormones inhibit GH release?
|
Somatostatin
Negative feedback (GH and IGF-1) |
|
Deficiencies in GH and IGF-1 lead to...
|
...pituitary dwarfism
|
|
How hyposomatotropism be diagnosed?
|
Administer alpha adrenergics to stimulate GH and measure GH
|
|
Which of the following are signs of acquired hyposomatotropism?
a) stunted growth b) alopecia and hyperpigmentation c) retention of puppy coat d) acromegaly |
b) alopecia and hyperpigmentation
|
|
What is the common signalment of acromegaly?
|
Older male cat
|
|
What endocrine disease commonly precedes acromegaly?
|
Diabetes mellitus
|
|
How is acromegaly diagnosed?
|
measure IGF-1
|
|
How can dogs develop acromegaly?
|
Progestin administration or during diestrus (progestins can increase GH secretion)
|