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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is this puppy?
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Vesicle
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Which of the following are NOT good differentials for this lesion?
a) cowpox b) Orf c) Staph intertrigo d) FMD e) Herpes mammilitis |
b) Orf (is in sheep)
c) Staph intertrigo (should be IMPETIGO) Also add pseudocowpox, papillomatosis, trauma, photosensitivity, other vesicular diseases |
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Disease name?
Treatment? Histologic diagnostic? |
Cowpox
Benign neglect (prevent secondary infxn) Intracytoplasmic inclusions |
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What is this called in the cow? In the sheep?
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Cow (Papular Stomatitis)
Sheep (Contagious Ecthyma) |
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Which of the following are NOT true regarding this disease?
a) intracytoplasmic inclusions b) immunity after infection c) caused by BHV1 d) should be milked last e) relatively recent in the US (last 50 yrs) |
a) intracytoplasmic inclusions (NO; intraNUCLEAR)
c) caused by BHV1 (NO; BHV2) |
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What are these and what might cause them in a horse?
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Vesicles! Pemphigus, Burns, SLE, Systemic Granulomatous Dz,
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What could cause this in a horse?
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Diffuse exfoliative dermatitis
Pemphigus Foliaceus Systemic Granulomatous Dz Equine Sarcoidosis SLE Bullous Pemphigoid Eosinophilic gastroenteritis |
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Which of the following are not true regarding equine pemphigus foliaceus?
a) a type II hypersensitivity b) only affects certain regions c) pustules are subdermal d) corticosteroid treatent e) immunoflorescence diagnosis |
b) only affects certain regions (NO; LOTS of the body affected but often face, legs, & entire body)
c) pustules are subdermal (NO; sub-corneal) |
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What is another name for systemic granulomatous disease in horses?
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Equine sarcoidosis
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Which of the following are not true of equine sarcoidosis?
a) associated with fescue b) will see acantholytic lesions on histopath c) signs of systemic involvement include fibrinogenemia and hypoalbuminemia d) treat via immunosuppression |
a) associated with fescue (NO; VETCH)
b) will see acantholytic lesions on histopath (NO; Granulomatous lesions) |
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What happens when a vesicle gets worse?
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Ulcer!
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T or F:
An ulcer is a break in the epidermis down to, but not breaching, the basement membrane. |
False!
It penetrates the basement membrane! |
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What's going on in this horse? How is it treated?
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Pemphigus foliaceus.
Tx - immunosuppression |
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What gives here?
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A - Decubital ulcer
B - Saddle Sore C - Ulcerative Dermatitis (venereal dz - lip/leg ulcers) |
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What is the difference between moist and dry gangrene?
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Moist is impaired lymph or venous drainage + necrosis while dry is loss of vascular supply + necrosis.
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How are burns treated topically?
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Cold water 20-30 min
Clean & debride Topical analgesics Hydrotherapy Topical Abx Skin graft |
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How are burns treated systemically?
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Analgesics
Fluid replacement Systemic abx |
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What gives a poor prognosis for burns?
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Involvement of joint, eye, coronary band, teats (cattle)
Large areas of 3rd to 4th degree burns |
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How is frostbite treated?
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thaw w/warm water
protect w/ointment Maybe debridement if you can see boundary |
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What is going on here? What is the treatment?
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Photosensitization
Tx - Keep out of sun, eliminate phototoxic agents, treat liver |
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What are the 3 major mechanisms of photosensitization?
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Primary agent
Aberrent pigment (inhereted defect) Hepatogenic |
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What are the 2 main primary agents causing photosensitization?
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St. John's Wort
Phenothiazine |
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What is the photodynamic agent that causes photosensitization secondary to liver damage?
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Phylloerythrin
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Which fly genera cause myiasis?
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Phormia
Calliphora Lucilia |
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How can fly strike be treated? Prevented?
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Tx (remove wool/hair, give insecticide, treat necrosis)
Prevent (tail dock, fly repellents, treat open wounds) |
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How can this be prevented?
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Tail tip necrosis; give cattle more space or proper size (1.5-2 in) slats
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Loss of the tail switch in a cow may be due to which two etiologies?
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Trauma (tail tip necrosis)
Sarcocystosis (localized vasculitis) |
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What are 2 causes of gangrene of the extremities? Which happens in the cold weather?
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Ergot (Claviceps) poisoning
Fescue foot (ergovaline in fescue) - WINTER |
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What are the lesions associated with a skin rash?
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Erythema to exudation
Crusts of dried serum Scales/scabs Hyperkeratosis to skin folds Pigment changes |
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What are some differentials for a pruritic large animal?
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Skin rash
Rabies Pseudorabies Scrapie Hypersensitivity Parasites |
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Name the type of mite that...
...burrows ...is superficial ...causes nodules in large animals ...found in sheep wool ...most common mite in large animals |
Sarcoptes...burrows
Chorioptes...is superficial Demodex...causes nodules in large animals Psoroptes...found in sheep wool Chorioptes...most common mite in large animals |
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Which of these...
...causes intense pruritus ...is reportable ...is most common in pigs ...found on goat ears ...is zoonotic ...most common mite in LAs |
A, Sarcoptes...causes intense pruritus
A, Sarcoptes & B, Psoroptes...is reportable A...is most common in pigs B...found on goat ears A...is zoonotic D, Chorioptes...most common mite in LAs |
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What are two old-timey terms for sarcoptic scabies?
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Red mange
Barn itch |
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Where are sarcoptic scabies lesions found in the...
Horse Cow Pig Sheep |
Horse (head & neck)
Cow (head, neck, sacrum) Pig (all over) Sheep (non-wooled areas) |
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Where are psoroptic scabies lesions found in the...
Horse Cow Sheep Goats |
Horse (mane, base of tail)
Cattle (shoulder & tail) Sheep (under wool) Goats (in ears) |
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What are common locations for chorioptic scabies in the...
Horse Cow Sheep Goat Pig |
Horse (leg - hind feet/legs)
Cow (tail - perineum and rump) Sheep (leg) Goat (leg) Pig (NOT IN PIG) |
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How do you kill mites?
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Ivermectin
Crotoxyhphos Lime sulfur Caumaphos |
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What causes trombiculidiasis?
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Chiggers!
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What causes rhabditic dermatitis?
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Poor hygiene, young animals, susceptible to Pelodera strongyloides
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Which nematode is transmitted by the horn fly? Where will lesions be in cattle?
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Stephanofilaria stilesi (ventral surface)
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What are the 2 types of contact dermatitis?
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Primary irritant
Allergic content (type IV hypersensitivity) |
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Which lesions are seen initially in contact dermatitis? What happens next?
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Papules & Erythema
Progress to erosions, scales, crusts, thickening |
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How can contact dermatitis be diagnosed?
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Provocative response
Look for something in areas of contact |
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How can contact dermatitis be treated?
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Steroids
Avoid exposure Clean & ointment of area |
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What do these two have in common?
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Zn responsive dermatitis!
(in llama's unhaired areas; parakeratosis in pig) |
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What gives here?
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Scratches, Grease Heel, Grape, Mud fever (all names for chronic idiopathic pastern dermatitis)
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What is going on here? How is it treated?
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Photo-aggravated vasculopathy (leucocytoclastic vasculitis);
Tx - steroids, remove from sun, clean and debride |
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What are sequellae to iodism?
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Dandruff
Salivation Lacrimation |
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Where is seborrhea complex often noted?
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under the mane
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Which of the following are true regarding cannon keratosis?
a) caused by urine b) caused by semen c) stud crud d) persists for life e) hyperkeratinization disorder |
c) stud crud
d) persists for life e) hyperkeratinization disorder |
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What is this?
What causes it? Treatment? |
Stud crud (cannon keratosis)
Idiopathic Remove w/skin scrape or keratolytic |
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Disease?
Signalment? Etiology? Treatment? |
Aural plaques
>1yr horses Papovirus (DNA) No tx (shoe polish maybe...) |
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What is this?
Ddx? Etiology? Treatment? |
Linear keratosis (alopecia)
Whip mark (these would be horizontal though) May be hereditary? No tx; maybe keratolytics |
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You see a 2 mo young shorthorn with nasty skin who is having vision trouble. What gives? How to diagnose? Treatment?
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Bovine parakeratosis
See low serum Zn + thymic/lymphatic atrophy Death in 3-6 mos; no tx |
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Deficiencies in which 2 substances may cause hyperkeratosis?
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Low Zn
Low Vit A |
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Which bacteria are chiefly responsible for udder intertrigo in dairy cows?
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F. necrophorum
A. pyogenes Various cocci |
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How do you treat udder intertrigo?
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Clean/debride
Expose to air Maybe systemic abx |
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What is the etiology of udder impetigo?
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(Tit zits) - Staph infection
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You see a cow with multiple vesicular lesions on her udder and teats. What are 2 differentials and how can you differentiate between the 2?
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Udder intertrigo or BHV2
(cytology for intertrigo; histo for BHV2) |
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T or F:
Udder impetigo is seen more often in 1st calf heifers. |
False!
This describes udder INTERTRIGO! |
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What happened to this poor piglet? What is the etiology? Treatment?
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Greasy Pig Dz (Exudative Epiermitis)
Staph. hyicus Tx w/abx EARLY; pretty much all die |
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What are some differentials for folliculitis in large animals?
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Ringworm
Dermatophytosis Pyoderma |
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What are the 2 main causes of dermatophytosis in large animals?
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Trichophyton
Microsporum gypsum |
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Which of the following is not true regarding ringworm in large animals?
a) more often seen in winter b) 1-34d incubation c) only invades keratinized skin d) once infected hair reaches the telogen phase it becomes self-limiting e) horses are rarely pruritic |
b) 1-34d incubation (NO; 1-6wk)
e) horses are rarely pruritic (NO, horses are most likely) |
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Choose the animal associated with the ringworm presentation:
- head/legs (non-haired parts) - very generalized; face and ears - looks like non-edematous wheals - face, neck, muzzle, periorbital |
Sheep - head/legs (non-haired parts)
Goats - very generalized; face and ears Horse - looks like non-edematous wheals Cow - face, neck, muzzle, periorbital |
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Which of the following are good for dermatophytosis treatment?
a) miconazole b) copper sulfate c) sodium hypochlorite d) lime sulfur e) captan |
a) miconazole
c) sodium hypochlorite d) lime sulfur (note - captan is a spray for the premises, not the animals) |
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What causes rain rot?
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Dermatophilus congolense
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What 4 things are necessary for a rain rot infection?
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Naive animal
Organism present Minor skin damage Moisture |
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Which of the following are not true regarding rain rot?
a) not pruritic or painful b) streptothricosis c) Dermatophilus congolense d) non-edematous wheals e) antibiotic is an easy treatment |
a) not pruritic or painful (it IS painful)
d) non-edematous wheals (no; tufts of hair with thick crusts) e) antibiotic is an easy treatment (abx not usually needed; just dry the animal off!) (note - streptothricosis is some old-school term for this) |
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What are the 2 manifestations of dermatophilus in sheep?
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Lumpy wool dz
Strawberry foot rot |
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Choose lumpy wool disease or fleece rot:
- blue fleece - pseudomonas - on back - treated by drying off - dermatophilus |
fleece rot - blue fleece
fleece rot - pseudomonas both - on back both - treated by drying off lumpy wool - dermatophilus |
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T or F:
Canuk horses can't tell the difference between bacteria and viruses. |
True!
They call a S. aureus infection Canadian Horse Pox! |
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What is this? What causes it? How is it treated?
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Staph folliculitis, furunculosis (S. aureus)
Tx - clean, groom, antibacterial shampoos (maybe abx like TMS, enro or doxy) |
