Bryan - La Med Ii - Swine Diseases Part 1 - Winter 3Rd Year

Front 1

Which are true regarding modern swine facilities?
a) all-in/all-out is infrequently practiced
b) farrow-to-finish is the most common management practice
c) disease is a necessary cost of production
d) weight gain per day target is 1.7lbs/day

Back 1

c) disease is a necessary cost of production
d) weight gain per day target is 1.7lbs/day
(most modern are all-in/all-out and small farms may still be farrow-to-finish)

Front 2

Fill in the following normals for pigs:
Temp
Resp rate
Pulse rate

Back 2

Temp - 102 F
Resp rate - 13-15 sows/20-30 growers
Pulse rate - 70-80 adults

Front 3

Which amino acids are necessary and rate-limiting in swine?

Back 3

Lysine and methionine

Front 4

Exudative dermatitis or ____________ is caused by the bacterium ______________ and usually starts on _________________.

Back 4

GREASY PIG DISEASE
Staph hyicus
Starts on snout/ears, spreads to inner thighs/abdomen and entire body

Front 5

How is greasy pig disease treated?

Back 5

Pig, Penicillin, Piss off!

Front 6

What are two differentials for circular collarette lesions on the ventrum of pigs? How is the MOST LIKELY differential treated?

Back 6

Pityriasis rosea (benign neglect)
Ringworm

Front 7

Thick crusting on extremities in young (not newborn) pigs is known as___________ and caused by ______________.

Back 7

Parakaratosis caused by Zn deficiency

Front 8

Pustular to ulcerative lesions on the skin of the pig is likely...

Back 8

...swinepox

Front 9

What are the vesicular disease of swine and which viruses cause each?

Back 9

FMD (aphtovirus from picornaviridae)
VS (vesiculovirus from rhabdoviridae)
Swine vesicular dz (enterovirus from picornaviridae)
Vesicular exanthema of swine (vesivirus from caliciviridae)

Front 10

An adult pig with hemorrhagic skin lesions and a fever may also have pathology in what systems? What is the pathogen?

Back 10

Endocarditis and joint dz
d/t Erysipelas rhusiopathiae (diamond skin disease)

Front 11

What's going on in this piggy?

Back 11

cyanosis change w/endotoxemia

Front 12

A VERY sick pig with lesions on its dorsum probably has what condition? What is the cause of this?

Back 12

Porcine Dermatitis and Nephropathy Syndrome
d/t circovirus (maybe?)

Front 13

How can you tell Pityriasis rosea from Porcine Dermatitis and Nephropathy Syndrome?

Back 13

PDNS pigs are SICK SICK SICK and have lesions more on the dorsum

Front 14

What are the 2 most common disease categories (by system) of swine?

Back 14

Respiratory and GI dz

Front 15

What are common causes of viral diarrhea in neonates? Bacterial diarrhea?

Back 15

Corona/Rotavirus; also TGE (viral)
E. coli, Clostridium (bacterial)
(RARELY Salmonella)

Front 16

What are 2 good differentials for a dead neonatal pig with hemorrhagic loops of bowel? How can you discern the real cause?

Back 16

Clostridium perfringens (type C)
Mesenteric torsion
(blood culture for Clostridium and demonstrate toxins)

Front 17

If you see a neonate with edematous spiral colon, what is your top differential?

Back 17

C. difficile (spiral colon fibrinous colitis)

Front 18

Top differential for a pig that is vomiting AND has diarrhea?

Back 18

Transmissible Gastro Enteritis Virus
(also maybe mycotoxins)

Front 19

If you see a neonate < 2d with diarrhea, what is your first differential?

Back 19

Neonatal enteric colibacillosis (E. coli diarrhea)

Front 20

Which bacteria cause neonatal enteric colibacillosis in neonatal pigs?

Back 20

E. coli K88, 987P (K99 and F41 less often)

Front 21

How can neonatal enteric colibacillosis be diagnosed?

Back 21

Demonstration of attachment pili (PCR, latex agglutination)
Histopath showing bacteria on brush border

Front 22

An underdiagnosed problem of 7-15d piglets is...

Back 22

...coccidiosis (I. suis)

Front 23

How is coccidiosis diagnosed in piglets? How is it treated?

Back 23

Dx (ileal scrapings on necropsy)
Tx (Toltrazuril treatments - doesn't help those showing clinical signs)

Front 24

What are some good sites for venipuncture in pigs?

Back 24

Anterior vena cava
Jugular
Orbital sinus
Ear/Tail veins

Front 25

Where should IM injections be given in pigs? SQ injections?

Back 25

IM (neckmeat)
SQ (loose skin behind shoulder)

Front 26

Which of the following are NOT approved for use in food pigs?
a) banamine
b) ketamine
c) xylazine
d) isoflurane

Back 26

b) ketamine
c) xylazine
d) isoflurane

Front 27

What are some signs of endotoxemia in post-weaners?

Back 27

Cyanosis of belly
Ear tip necrosis
GI infarcts

Front 28

What causes post-weaning colibacillosis?

Back 28

E. coli (K88); O141, 147, 149, and 157

Front 29

Edema disease is due to...

Back 29

E. coli (F18 & shiga toxin); O138, 139, 141, etc)

Front 30

T or F:
Most cases of E. coli enterotoxemia are not diarrheaic.

Back 30

True!

Front 31

T or F:
Most cases of enterotoxigenic E. coli are not diarrheaic.

Back 31

False! These cause secretory diarrhea!

Front 32

How can post-weaning colibacillosis be treated?

Back 32

Banamine
Reduce feed amount

Front 33

What are some necropsy findings in pigs with salmonelllosis?

Back 33

Hepatic infarcts
Turkey-egg kidney
Splenomegaly
Pneumonia
Button ulcers in GI

Front 34

What is your top differential for a weaner with bloody scours?

Back 34

Salmonellosis
(maybe swine dysentery)

Front 35

Which of the following are mainly found in the large intestine in pigs with GI dz?
a) Salmonella
b) Lawsonia intracellularis
c) Brachyspira hyodysenteriae
d) Brachyspira pilosicoli

Back 35

a) Salmonella
c) Brachyspira hyodysenteriae
d) Brachyspira pilosicoli

Front 36

What can be used as a preventive against salmonellosis? How is it given?

Back 36

Carbadox in feed

Front 37

What are the 3 main types of salmonella causing issues in the US?

Back 37

S. cholerasuis
S. typhisuis
S. typhimurium

Front 38

What are the 3 forms of ileitis caused by Lawsonia intracellularis?

Back 38

Proliferative, Necrotic, and Hemorrhagic ileitis

Front 39

How can porcine proliferative ileitis be diagnosed?
a) fecal culture
b) fecal PCR
c) ileal scraping + culture
d) silver stain on histopath
e) histopath shows organisms on brush border

Back 39

b) fecal PCR
d) silver stain on histopath
(can also do tissue PCR)

Front 40

Swine dysentery is caused by __________ and is found ONLY in the ____________.

Back 40

Brachyspira hyodysenteriae; only in the large intestine

Front 41

How can swine dysentery be diagnosed?
a) fecal culture
b) fecal PCR
c) colon scraping + culture
d) silver stain on histopath
e) histopath shows organisms on brush border

Back 41

b) fecal PCR
d) silver stain on histopath

Front 42

How can swine dysentery be treated?

Back 42

Macrolide abx (tylosin, tymulin, lincomycin)
Good hygiene!

Front 43

T or F:
Both Brachyspira hyodysenteriae and B. pilosicoli can be successfully eradicated from pig production farms.

Back 43

False!
B. hyodysenteriae can since pigs are its only host!

Front 44

The major helminth affecting most swine productions is...

Back 44

...Ascaris suum

Front 45

What are possible culprits contributing to gastric ulcers in swine?

Back 45

Helicobacter
Fine-ground feed
Stress

Front 46

Which emerging infectious disease can also cause diarrhea in swine or hogs?

Back 46

Classical Swine Fever (Hog Cholera)

Front 47

What are the major reproductive vaccines and when should they be given?

Back 47

Parvo, Lepto, +/- PRRS; give before breeding and after litter is weaned

Front 48

The MINIMUM herd vaccination family should include...

Back 48

...Parvo, Lepto, Erysipelas

Front 49

When are piglets usually vaccinated?

Back 49

@ 3 wks (except for enzootic pneumonias - 1 wk)

Front 50

Which are causes of congenital tremor or myoclonia congenita in preweaned pigs?
a) hypomyelination or demyelination
b) pseudorabies virus
c) leptospira
d) circovirus type 1

Back 50

a) hypomyelination or demyelination (describes the pathogenesis)
d) circovirus type 1
(also CSF; most are idiopathic though)

Front 51

What are some viral causes of porcine CNS diseases?

Back 51

CSF and Pseudorabies; also various encephalomyelitis viruses

Front 52

Which of the following are NOT true regarding Streptococcus suis infections in young pigs?
a) zoonotic
b) occurs in piglets from 2-12 days old
c) serotypes 3 and 4 are most common
d) can survive short-term in macrophages

Back 52

b) occurs in piglets from 2-12 days old (its 2-12 WEEKS)
c) serotypes 3 and 4 are most common (its serotypes 1 AND 2)

Front 53

Streptococcus suis infection is an important differential for which cardiovascular disease in pigs?

Back 53

Mulberry heart disease; also Glasser's Dz I guess...

Front 54

Which of the following diseases is associated with S. suis infection?
a) Mulberry heart disease
b) Suppurative meningitis
c) Glasser's disease
d) Vegetative endocarditis
e) Fibrinous polyserositis

Back 54

b) Suppurative meningitis
d) Vegetative endocarditis
e) Fibrinous polyserositis

Front 55

How can a strept infection usually be cleared?

Back 55

Penicillin (maybe Ceftiofur)

Front 56

What are some causes of bacterial meningoencephalitis in young swine?

Back 56

H. parasuis
S. suis II

Front 57

An OUTBREAK of hind-end paresis in swine makes you think of...

Back 57

...Se toxicosis

Front 58

What are some clinical signs of edema disease? What is the pathognomic sign on necropsy?

Back 58

Funny sounding squeal
Ataxia; recumbency
Puffy eyelid/snout
Edema of spiral colon and greater curvature of stomach on necropsy.

Front 59

Pigs circling around one leg, convulsing, head pressing, & etc makes you think of...

Back 59

...Salt toxicity!