Bryan - Clin Path - Test 3 - Winter 2Nd Year - Cytology

Front 1

Why may cytology NOT lead to a diagnosis?

Back 1

Not a good representative sample
Multiple interpretations of cell types

Front 2

T or F:
Only intact nucleated cells are evaluated in cytology.

Back 2

True!

Front 3

When should cytology samples be heat fixed?

Back 3

Never! Always air-dried!

Front 4

What is the approach (ie: 4 questions asked) to a cytological evaluation?

Back 4

Are cells normal?
Is process inflammatory or not?
If non-inflammatory, are criteria of malignancy present?
If malignant, what type?

Front 5

What is the normal cell morphology for corneal cells?

Back 5

Pseudostratefied columnar epithelium

Front 6

Which cell type should be present whenever a body cavity fluid is collected?

Back 6

Mesothelial cells

Front 7

What is the normal morphology of most respiratory cells?

Back 7

Tall columnar with microvilli

Front 8

What type of cells are predominant here? If this is an inflammatory process, describe the type of inflammation!!!

Back 8

Neutrophils (degenerative);
indicative of suppurative inflammation (degenerative neutrophils have encountered bacteria)

Front 9

What cells are indicated by the arrows? What type of inflammation is present here?

Back 9

Big ol' Macrophages
Macs + Neutrophils = GRANULOMATOUS INFLAMMATION

Front 10

What type of inflammation is present here?

Back 10

Septic, suppurative inflammation (septic = bacteria present, suppurative = neutrophils present)

Front 11

What type of inflammation is depicted here?

Back 11

Lymphocytic

Front 12

What type of inflammation is depicted here?

Back 12

Eosinophilic inflammation

Front 13

What type of inflammation is depicted here?

Back 13

Septic, suppurative inflammation

Front 14

What type of inflammation is present in this image?

Back 14

NONE! Just stain precipitate!

Front 15

Which of the following are morphologic criteria of malignancy?
a) pleiomorphism (cellular or nuclear)
b) abnormalities of the nucleolus
c) increased cytoplasmic eosinophilia
d) decreased nucleus to cytoplasm ratio
e) multiple nuclei

Back 15

A, B, and E

Front 16

What are the three types of malignant cells?

Back 16

Epithelial
Mesenchymal
Round cells

Front 17

What are some characteristics of epithelial cells?

Back 17

occur in clusters with cell-to-cell adhesion;
large;
distinct cell borders;
generally round nucleus;
moderate to abundant cytoplasm

Front 18

The condenser lens should be _______ when evaluating a cytology slide.

Back 18

UP

Front 19

Evaluate this bone sample in terms of:
Is there inflammation present?
If so, what type of inflammation?
If not, is it neoplastic?

Back 19

Not inflammatory.
Neoplastic (osteosarcoma); note anisocytosis, high nucleus:cytoplasm, basophilic cytoplasm, and mitotic figure!

Front 20

Evaluate this FNA of a prostate in terms of:
inflammation (yes/no/what type)?
neoplasia (yes/no)

Back 20

No inflammation;
Cells are HYPERPLASTIC; no anisocytosis or anisokaryosis

Front 21

What are the three cell types that can become malignant? What are the cancerous names of each (type of 'oma)?

Back 21

Epithelial (carcinoma)
Mesenchymal (sarcoma)
Round cells (round cell tumor)

Front 22

What are cytologic characteristics of epithelial cells?

Back 22

Large
distinct cell borders
cell-to-cell adhesion
round nucleus (generally)
moderate to abundant cytoplasm

Front 23

Which cell line is depicted here (epithelial, mesothelial, or round cell)?

Back 23

Epithelial; note cell-to-cell adhesion!

Front 24

Which cell line is depicted here (epithelial, mesenchymal, or round cells)?

Back 24

Mesenchymal; note lack of cell-to-cell adhesion and spindle shape

Front 25

What cell type (epithelial, mesenchymal, or round cell) is depicted here?

Back 25

Round cell; note lack of cell-to-cell adhesion and, um, they're ROUND!

Front 26

Characterize this slide in terms of:
inflammation
cell lineage
malignancy

Back 26

not inflammatory
epithelial cells
malignant carcinoma!!!
(note cell-to-cell adhesion, marked anisocytosis, binuclate cell)

Front 27

Characterize this anal sac sample in terms of:
cell lineage
inflammation
malignancy

Back 27

epithelial lineage
not inflammatory (neuts are normal from anal region)
this is an adenoma but probably not too malignant (not a lot of pleiomorphism)

Front 28

Characterize this anal sac sample in terms of:
cell lineage, inflammation, and malignancy

Back 28

Epithelial, non-inflammatory, malignant!
Perianal adenocarcinoma (lots of anisokaryosis, mitotic figures, some binucleate cells)

Front 29

Characterize this sample in terms of:
Cell lineage, inflammation, and malignancy.

Back 29

Epithelial
Granulomatous inflammation
Malignant! Metastatic mammary adenocarcinoma

Front 30

What cell lineage is this from? What tissue?

Back 30

Epithelial (thyroid)

Front 31

What are characteristics of mesenchymal cells?

Back 31

Usually singular (may be in small clumps);
Indistinct borders;
Spindle-shaped to polygonal;
Oval to round nuclei
moderate amt of cytoplasm

Front 32

What are characteristics of round cells?

Back 32

single, small to medium sized cells;
distinct cell borders, and they are triangular shaped....NO *******!!! THEY'RE ROUND!!!

Front 33

What are examples of round cells?

Back 33

Mast cell
Lymphocytes
Histiocytes
Melanoma
TVT

Front 34

What lineage are these cells from?

Back 34

Mesenchymal

Front 35

T or F:
Lipomas are a tumor of mesenchymal cells.

Back 35

True!!! Even though they're not spindle shaped and tend to stick together!!

Front 36

T or F:
Histiocytomas are pretty much unique to dogs.

Back 36

True!

Front 37

What cell type is depicted here? Is this malignant?

Back 37

These are histiocytes (but a bad example of a histiocyte clump...they are usually more single)!
This is a histiocytoma; not malignant.

Front 38

What lineage is this cell from? What is it indicative of?

Back 38

Round cell;
This is a BUTT CELL indicative of histiocytoma

Front 39

What type of tumor would this be?

Back 39

Mast cell tumor!!!

Front 40

What type of tumor is depicted here? What lineage?

Back 40

Melanoma! A round cell tumor type.

Front 41

What type of tumor would this be?

Back 41

Melanoma!

Front 42

What type of tumor is depicted here (ignore the arrow for now)?

Back 42

Plasmacytoma (tons of pleiomorphic plasma cells)

Front 43

What type of tumor is shown here? Are both indicated cells normal?

Back 43

Lymphoma
Red arrow is neoplastic; yellow arrow is normal

Front 44

What type of tumor is depicted here?

Back 44

Transmissible Venereal Tumor (looks like histiocytoma but with VACUOLES)

Front 45

An accumulation of fluid in the body is known as...

Back 45

...an EFFUSION

Front 46

What are the three types of effusions?

Back 46

Transudate;
Modified transudate;
Exudate

Front 47

Which fluid has low cellularity and low protein?

Back 47

Transudate

Front 48

What is the most common cause of a transudate?

Back 48

hypoalbuminemia

Front 49

What is a major cause of a modified transudate?

Back 49

cardiovascular disease

Front 50

Which fluid has a high protein content but low cellularity?

Back 50

modified transudate

Front 51

What type of effusion does FIP cause?

Back 51

modified transudate

Front 52

Which effusion has high protein and high cellularity?

Back 52

Exudate

Front 53

T or F:
Exudates are always inflammatory.

Back 53

False. They can be inflammatory or non-inflammatory (due to neoplasia).

Front 54

How can an equine gut rupture be determined via cytology of an abdominocentesis sample?

Back 54

Absence or presence of feed material.

Front 55

What type of effusion would this canine thoracocentesis be?

Back 55

septic suppurative exudate

Front 56

Characterize this sample of thoracic fluid from a cat?

Back 56

Neoplastic lymphoma

Front 57

Characterize this sample of canine abdominal fluid!

Back 57

Bile peritonitis (non-septic)

Front 58

What are these weird things from the abdominal fluid of a foal? What is it indicative of?

Back 58

CaCO3 crystals and Sammy Davis Jr.;
Indicates uroperitoneum

Front 59

What kind of effusion is shown here? What is the crap in the macrophage?

Back 59

Hemorrhagic effusion;
Mac contains hemosiderin

Front 60

How can iatrogenic hemorrage from performing a sampling of body cavity fluid be distinguished from a chronic process?

Back 60

Look for platelets; if there are platelets then it was likely iatrogenic

Front 61

What cell lines body cavities?

Back 61

Mesothelial cells

Front 62

T or F:
Mesothelial cells are ciliated.

Back 62

False! They have microvilli!

Front 63

What are characteristics of reactive mesothelial cells?

Back 63

Larger
Vacuolated
Binucleate
Basophilic

Front 64

What kind of cells are these?

Back 64

Probably reactive mesothelial cells but safer to call them large mononuclear cells since they look so much like macrophages

Front 65

T or F:
Horses usually have more abdominal fluid than other species.

Back 65

True!

Front 66

What are these things?

Back 66

Amniotic fluid + Daft Punk

Front 67

What does Lemmy seem to be admiring here?

Back 67

Mesothelioma

Front 68

If this is seen in abdominal fluid, what do you think?

Back 68

Bad thoughts....its metastatic squamous cell carcinoma

Front 69

What causes cells to line-up in joint fluid? What is this called?

Back 69

hyaluronic acid;
called windrowing

Front 70

What types of cells predominate in joint fluid?

Back 70

Large mononuclear cells

Front 71

Characterize joint fluid grossly.

Back 71

Transparent to slightly yellow;
Viscous

Front 72

Characterize normal CSF grossly and cytologically.

Back 72

Clear colorless,
low cellularity
normally mononuclear cells

Front 73

What is this weird thing in some dog CSF?

Back 73

Cryptococcus neoformans

Front 74

posterior staphylmoas or oblique insertion of optic nerve/ Fuch's spots, lacquer cracks

Back 74

high myopia (degenerative)

Front 75

What are three major reasons for lymph node enlargement?

Back 75

Hyperplasia
Neoplasia
Inflammation

Front 76

T or F:
Most lymphocytes in a normal lymph node are small and mature.

Back 76

Tru dat!
Once they get stimulated they get bigger....heh heh

Front 77

What is going on with this lymph node?

Back 77

Nothing! It is normal! Note that most lymphocytes are small and mature. A few segs are normal.

Front 78

What is going on with this lymph node?

Back 78

Hyperplastic and reactive (note all the plasma cells but no anisokaryosis or anisocytosis)

Front 79

What gives with this lymph node?

Back 79

Lymphadenitis (macrophages and neutrophils)

Front 80

What gives with this lymph node?

Back 80

Allergic reaction (note eosinophils)

Front 81

What has this dog been eating?

Back 81

Salmon! Neorickettsia helminthoeca is here!!

Front 82

Is this lymphoma or hyperplasia?

Back 82

Lymphoma!
Note all the large lymphocytes!!!

Front 83

Is this lymphoma or hyperplasia?

Back 83

Could be really reactive or early lymphoma