Brs Lower Limb Anatomy

Front 1

The hip bone is a fusion of which three bones?

Back 1

ilium, ischium, and pubis

Front 2

name the joint for the hip bone's attachment to the vertebral column

Back 2

sacroiliac joint

Front 3

Why are the gluteal lines called that?

Back 3

they are ridges juxtapositioned between gluteus muscle orinins (maximus, medius and minimus)

Front 4

gluteal lines between the origins of gluteus medius and maximus muscles

Back 4

posterior gluteal line

Front 5

gluteal lines between the origins of gluteus medius and minimus muscles

Back 5

anterior gluteal line

Front 6

gluteal lines between the origins of gluteus minimus and rectus femoris

Back 6

inferior gluteal line

Front 7

how many iliac spines are there?

Back 7

4

Front 8

name of cup-shaped cavity on the lateral side of the hip bone in which the head of the femur fits

Back 8

acetabulum

Front 9

anteriorly/posteriorly: direction of the acetabular notch

Back 9

anteriorly (faces the obturator foramen)

Front 10

The acetabular notch is converted into a foramen by ____ ligament?

Back 10

transverse acetabular ligament (through the foramen nutrient vessels and nerves enter the joint)

Front 11

The ligamentum capitis femoris (aka ligament of the head of the femur or the ligamentum teres femoris) is attached to ___ of the femur; and ___ of the hip bone

Back 11

fovea capitis femoris; two bands, one into either side of the acetabular notch

Front 12

Head of the femur, in anatomical position, faces anteriorly/posteriorly?

Back 12

anteriorly

Front 13

Patient with osteoporosis comes in with exteme leg pain shortened lower limb with medial rotation. A femoral X ray might show? _____

Back 13

Dislocation of the femoral head

Front 14

Patient with osteoporosis comes in with exteme leg pain lower limb is shortened with lateral rotation. A femoral X ray might show? _____

Back 14

Fracture of the neck of the femur

Front 15

Femoral fracture through the trochanters is called ___

Back 15

Pertrochanteric fracture

Front 16

intertrochanteric line slants obliquely downward medially/laterally, it's located on anterior/posterior side of the humerus?

Back 16

medially, anterior

Front 17

Name of the rough anterior line between the shaft and neck of the femur, extending from the greater to the lesser trochanter?

Back 17

intertrochanteric line

Front 18

Greater/lesser trochanter: points laterally?

Back 18

greater (lesser points medially)

Front 19

gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and piriformis muscles insert to _____

Back 19

Greater trochanter

Front 20

obturator internus and externus muscles insert to _____

Back 20

Greater trochanter

Front 21

Lesser trochanter is an insertion point for _____ muscle/s

Back 21

iliopsoas (except for the psoas minor component)

Front 22

iliopsoas refers to which muscle group:

Back 22

psoas major, psoas minor, and iliacus

Front 23

T/F: Psoas minor is present in only ~50% of the population

Back 23

T

Front 24

Rough double line (medial and lateral lips) on the posterior aspect of the femur

Back 24

Linea aspera

Front 25

List from medial to lateral attachments to the linea aspera:

1._____ muscle most medial

2._____ and _____ muscles above; _____ and ____ below

3._____ muscle in the middle

4._____ muscle above, _____ muscle head below

5._____ muscle most lateral

Back 25

1. Vastus medialis
2. Iliacus and Pectineus above; Adductor brevis and Adductor longus below
3. Adductor magnus
4. Gluteus maximus above, short head of the Biceps femoris below
5. Vastus lateralis

Front 26

___ line runs from the lesser trochanter to the medial lip of the linea aspera.

Back 26

pectineal line

Front 27

Why is the pectineal line so named?____

Back 27

pectineus muscle inserts there

Front 28

femoral condyles are distal/proximal?

Back 28

distal (articulate with knee)

Front 29

prominence on upper part of the medial femoral epicondyle; insertion point for the adductor magnus muscle

Back 29

Adductor tubercle

Front 30

A dislocated knee or fractured distal femur most likely would injure ____ artery

Back 30

popliteal

Front 31

Transverse patellar fracture: results in which two ways most often?

Back 31

direct blow, quick contraction of the quadriceps muscle

Front 32

Bumper fracture is usually a fracture of what via a car bumber strike? ___ which nerve is usually affected?____

Back 32

lateral tibial condyle, common peroneal nerve

Front 33

largest sesamoid bone:____, it's located between ___ tendon and ___ ligament

Back 33

patella, tendon of the quadriceps femoris, patellar ligament

Front 34

sesamoid bone entails what?

Back 34

located within a tendon

Front 35

patella articulates with the femur/tibia/both?

Back 35

only femur

Front 36

weight-bearing medial bone of the lower leg

Back 36

Tibia

Front 37

patellar ligament inserts into ___ of the tibia

Back 37

tibial tuberosity

Front 38

T/F: Tibia has the medial condyle and the fibia has the lateral condyle for articulating with the knee

Back 38

F [tibia has medial and lateral condyles]

Front 39

Downward projection on distal and medial side of the tibia?____

Back 39

medial malleolus

Front 40

medial/lateral malleolus: lies more inferior and posterior

Back 40

lateral

Front 41

medial/lateral malleolus: articulates with the trochlea of the talus

Back 41

lateral

Front 42

fracture of the lower end of the fibula, often accompanied by fracture of the medial malleolus or rupture of the deltoid ligament

Back 42

Pott's fracture (Dupuytren's fracture)

Front 43

fracture caused by forced eversion of the foot

Back 43

Pott's fracture (Dupuytren's fracture)

Front 44

A T-shaped fracture of the distal femur with displacement of the condyles

Back 44

Pillion fracture

Front 45

Fracture caused by a blow to the flexed knee of a person riding on a motorcycle.

Back 45

Pillion fracture

Front 46

Fracture of the fibular neck: may cause an injury to the _______ nerve

Back 46

common peroneal

Front 47

Fracture of the fibular neck may cause paralysis of muscles of the leg that lead to which characteristic foot posturing?

Back 47

foot drop [muscles in the anterior and lateral compartments, dorsiflexors and evertors]

Front 48

Base/apex: part of patella that is more superior?

Back 48

base

Front 49

name the seven tarsal bones:

Back 49

talus, calcaneus, navicular bone, cuboid bone, and three cuneiform bones (medial, intermediate, and lateral)

Front 50

only tarsal bone without muscle attachments.

Back 50

talus

Front 51

tarsal bone in the most contact with the tibia

Back 51

talus

Front 52

Groove for the flexor hallucis longus tendon is on what bone?____ more medial/lateral?

Back 52

Talus

Front 53

Largest and strongest bone of the foot?____

Back 53

Calcaneus

Front 54

articulates with the talus superiorly and the cuboid anteriorly is ____ bone; attachment for the ____ tendon

Back 54

Calcaneus, Achilles

Front 55

shelf-like medial projection from the calcaneus is called the _____, which supports the head of the talus (with the spring ligament) and has a groove on its inferior surface for what?_____

Back 55

sustentaculum tali, flexor hallucis longus tendon

Front 56

between the head of the talus and the three cuneiform bones? ____ bone

Back 56

Navicular

Front 57

____ bone has a groove for the peroneus longus muscle

Back 57

Cuboid bone

Front 58

Articulate with the navicular bone posteriorly and with three metatarsals anteriorly

Back 58

Cuneiform bones

Front 59

A March fracture is:

Back 59

fatigue fracture of one of the metatarsals

Front 60

How many phalanges per foot? _____why?______

Back 60

14, two in the first digit and three in each of the others

Front 61

acetabular notch and cavity receive perfusion via ____ artery that gives rise to the artery of the ligamentum teres capitis femoris

Back 61

posterior branch of the obturator artery

Front 62

A ring of fibrocartilage and connective tissue that completes and deepens the bony acetabulumacetabular labrum [Acetabular lip]

Back 62

acetabular labrum [Acetabular lip]

Front 63

Name the hip joints arterial sources:
medial and lateral ___(2)___, superior and inferior ___, and posterior ___

Back 63

1. femoral circumflex
2. gluteal
3. obturator

Front 64

Attachments of the fibrous capsule:
1. proximally:_____
2. distalo-anteriorly:____
2. distalo-posteriorly:_____

Back 64

1. to the margin of the acetabulum and transverse acetabular ligament
2. intertrochanteric line and the root of the greater trochanter
3. intertrochanteric crest

Front 65

Posterior bony ridge between the shaft and neck of the femur, running from the greater to the lesser trochanter

Back 65

intertrochanteric crest

Front 66

The fibrous capsule is reinforced anteriorly by the ____ ligament, posteriorly by the ____ ligament, and inferiorly by the ____ ligament

Back 66

ant: iliofemoral
post: ischiofemoral
inf: pubofemoral

Front 67

Retinacular arteries of the head of the femur pierce the fibrous capsule, they are braches of what arteries?

Back 67

medial and lateral femoral circumflex

Front 68

femoral shaft angle exceeds 135 degrees (more vertical), this is called:

Back 68

Coxa valga

Front 69

femoral shaft angle is less than 135 degrees (more horizontal), this is called:

Back 69

Coxa vara

Front 70

“inverted Y” hip joint ligament

Back 70

Iliofemoral ligament

Front 71

largest and most important hip joint ligament that reinforces the fibrous capsule anteriorly

Back 71

Iliofemoral ligament

Front 72

attached proximally to the anterior-inferior iliac spine and the acetabular rim and distally to the intertrochanteric line and the front of the greater trochanter of the femur

Back 72

Iliofemoral ligament

Front 73

Resists hyperextension and lateral rotation at the hip joint during standing, ____ ligament

Back 73

Iliofemoral ligament

Front 74

Reinforces the fibrous capsule posteriorly, ____ ligament

Back 74

Ischiofemoral ligament

Front 75

____ ligament extend from the ischial portion of the acetabular rim to the neck of the femur and greater trochanter

Back 75

Ischiofemoral ligament

Front 76

____ ligament reinforces the fibrous capsule inferiorly

Back 76

Pubofemoral ligament

Front 77

____ ligament extends from the pubic portion of the acetabular rim and the superior pubic ramus to the lower part of the femoral neck

Back 77

Pubofemoral ligament

Front 78

Artery of the ligamentum capitis femoris (foveolar artery) from the obturator artery is most important for what demographic?

Back 78

children

Front 79

T/F: the knee joint has no fibrous capsule?

Back 79

F [it has a fibrous capsule that is rather thin, weak, and incomplete; it is attached to the margins of the femoral and tibial condyles and to the patella and patellar ligament]

Front 80

the largest and most complicated joint

Back 80

knee

Front 81

medial/laterally/both: stabilizer of the knee joint

1. fibular collateral ligaments
2. sartorius
3. biceps femoris
4. gracilis
5. gastrocnemius
6. iliotibial tract
7. semitendinosus muscles
8. tibial collateral ligament
9. semimembranosus muscles

Back 81

1. L
2. M
3. L
4. M
5. Both
6. L
7. M
8. M
9. M

Front 82

descending branch of the lateral femoral circumflex artery branches off ____ artery and anastomoses with ____ artery

Back 82

profunda femoris artery (aka. deep femoral artery or deep artery of the thigh), popliteal artery

Front 83

Knee joint is innervated by which nerves?

Back 83

sciatic, femoral, and obturator nerves

Front 84

___ artery is the extension of the "superficial" femoral artery after passing through the adductor canal and adductor hiatus above the knee

Back 84

popliteal artery

Front 85

genicular arteries (superior medial and lateral, inferior medial and lateral, and middle) branch off from ___ artery

Back 85

popliteal artery

Front 86

Rapid swelling of the injured knee is most likely due to inflammation/hemarthrosis?

Back 86

hemarthrosis [inflammatory joint effusion causes a slow swelling]

Front 87

T/F: The ACL and PCL lie inside the knee joint capsule and synovial cavity of the knee joint?

Back 87

F [Lies inside the knee joint capsule but outside the synovial cavity of the joint]

Front 88

Describe the direction of the ACL's path from Tibia to Femur:______

Back 88

passes upward, backward, and medial to lateral to insert into the medial surface of the lateral femoral condyle

Front 89

PCL/ACL: which is longer

Back 89

ACL

Front 90

PCL/ACL: which is straighter

Back 90

PCL

Front 91

PCL/ACL: which is stronger

Back 91

PCL

Front 92

Which knee ligament prevents forward sliding of the tibia on the femur and posterior displacement of the femur on the tibia.

Back 92

ACL

Front 93

ACL/PCL: Is mostly taut during extension of the knee and lax during flexion

Back 93

ACL

Front 94

ACL/PCL: May be torn when the knee is hyperextended.

Back 94

ACL

Front 95

Describe the direction of the ACL's path from Tibia to Femur:______

Back 95

upward, forward, and medially to insert into the lateral surface of the medial femoral condyle

Front 96

Which knee ligament prevents backward sliding of the tibia on the femur and anterior displacement of the femur on the tibia ?

Back 96

PCL

Front 97

Which knee ligament Is mostly taut during flexion of the knee?

Back 97

PCL

Front 98

T/F: The Medial meniscus and Lateral meniscus lie inside the knee joint capsule and synovial cavity of the knee joint?

Back 98

F [Lies inside the knee joint capsule but outside the synovial cavity of the joint]

Front 99

____ is C-shaped interarticular area of the tibia and is attached to the medial collateral ligament

Back 99

Medial meniscus

Front 100

These act as a cushion or shock absorbers and lubricate the articular surfaces by distributing synovial fluid in windshield-wiper fashion

Back 100

Medial meniscus and Lateral meniscus

Front 101

Is nearly circular C shaped interarticular area of the tibia

Back 101

Lateral meniscus

Front 102

T/F: the lateral meniscus is separated laterally from the fibular (or lateral) collateral ligament

Back 102

T [separated laterally by the tendon of the popliteus muscle]

Front 103

Binds the anterior horns of the lateral and medial menisci.

Back 103

Transvers (Genicular) Ligaments

Front 104

_____extracapsular ligament extends from medial femoral epicondyle to the medial tibial condyle

Back 104

Medial (tibial) collateral ligament

Front 105

_____extracapsular ligament is firmly attached to the medial meniscus

Back 105

Medial (tibial) collateral ligament

Front 106

What's worse, medial or lateral collateral ligament injuries? ____ why?_____

Back 106

Medial, results in concomitant damage to the medial meniscus

Front 107

Lateral (fibular) collateral ligament is separated from the lateral meniscus by the tendon of the ____ muscle

Back 107

popliteus

Front 108

_____extracapsular ligament extends between the lateral femoral epicondyle and the head of the fibula

Back 108

Lateral (fibular) collateral ligament

Front 109

A portion of _____extracapsular ligament is the most often used ligament for repair of the anterior cruciate ligament

Back 109

Patellar ligament (tendon)

Front 110

Patellar ligament extends from the apex/base of the patella to the _____ of the tibia.

Back 110

apex, tuberosity

Front 111

_____extracapsular ligament arises from the head of the fibula, arches superiorly and medially over the tendon of the popliteus muscle on the back of the knee joint fusing with the articular capsule

Back 111

Arcuate popliteal ligament

Front 112

_____ extracapsular ligament is an obliquely [upward and outward] expansion of the semimembranosus tendon

Back 112

Oblique popliteal ligament

Front 113

_____ extracapsular ligament arises from the lateral aspect of the lateral femoral condyle and runs between the lateral meniscus and the capsule of the knee joint deep to the fibular collateral ligament

Back 113

Popliteus tendon

Front 114

Anterior drawer sign is a forward sliding of the tibia on the femur due to a rupture of ____ ligament

Back 114

ACL

Front 115

Posterior drawer sign is a backward sliding of the tibia on the femur caused by a rupture of ____ ligament

Back 115

posterior cruciate ligament

Front 116

Medial/Lateral meniscus: is more frequently torn

Back 116

Medial meniscus

Front 117

A football player is struck on the lateral side of his/her firmly planted leg:
1. Which knee ligament is palpably tenderness on application of pressure?____
2. This particular injury is know as the “____”
3. Anterior/Posterior drawer sign
4. Which three knee structures are injured?

Back 117

1. tibial (medial) collateral ligament
2. “Unhappy triad”
3. Anterior
4. ACL, medial meniscus, tibial (medial) collateral ligament attachment

Front 118

Knock-knee (genu valgum): is a deformity in which the tibia is bent or twisted laterally/medially; possible rupture of the ____ ligament

Back 118

laterally, tibial (medial) collateral ligament

Front 119

Bowleg (genu varum): is a deformity in which the tibia is bent laterally/medially; possible rupture of the ____ligament

Back 119

medially, tibial (medial) collateral ligament

Front 120

Patellar tendon reflex:
afferent nerve_____
roots_____
efferent nerve_____

Back 120

femoral nerve
L2-L4
femoral nerve

Front 121

the major bursa communicating with the knee joint cavity:_____ bursa

Back 121

Suprapatellar bursa

Front 122

Proximal/distal: tibiofibular joint that allows a little movement

Back 122

Proximal (plane-type synovial joint) [distal=fibrous joint]

Front 123

deltoid ligament of the ankle is attached to the medial/lateral malleolus?

Back 123

medial

Front 124

What are the four parts of the medial (deltoid) ligament

Back 124

tibionavicular, tibiocalcaneal, anterior tibiotalar, and posterior tibiotalar ligaments

Front 125

The _____ligament prevents overeversion of the foot and helps maintain the medial longitudinal arch

Back 125

medial (deltoid) ligament

Front 126

What are the three parts of the lateral ligament of the ankle

Back 126

anterior talofibular, posterior talofibular, and calcaneofibular ligaments

Front 127

The _____ligament resists inversion of the foot and may be torn during an ankle sprain (inversion injury)

Back 127

lateral ligament of the ankle

Front 128

A swollen bursal sac and/or an osseous deformity that has grown on the ~medial side of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (or of the first metatarsal head)

Back 128

Bunion

Front 129

Bunions are most often associated with medial/lateral deviation of the big toe

Back 129

medial

Front 130

Hallux valgus: is a ___ deviation of the big toe

Back 130

lateral

Front 131

Hallux varus: is a ___ deviation of the big toe

Back 131

medial

Front 132

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
Roots: ____

Back 132

L2-L3

Front 133

____ cutaneous nerve: emerges from the lateral border of the psoas major, crosses anteriorly on the iliacus, and passes under the inguinal ligament

Back 133

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

Front 134

Innervates the skin on the anterior and lateral aspects of the thigh as far as the knee:_____

Back 134

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

Front 135

____ cutaneous nerve: innervate the skin of the gluteal region.

Back 135

Clunial (buttock) nerves

Front 136

superior clunial (buttock) nerve root/s:____

Back 136

L1-L3

Front 137

middle clunial (buttock) nerve root/s:____

Back 137

S1-S3

Front 138

inferior clunial (buttock) nerve root/s:___ via ____nerve

Back 138

S1-S3, posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh

Front 139

____ cutaneous nerve: arises from the sacral plexus and passes through the greater sciatic foramen below the piriformis muscle and emerges from the medio-inferior border of the gluteus maximus

Back 139

Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

Front 140

____ cutaneous nerve: descends in the posterior midline of the thigh deep to the fascia lata and pierces the fascia lata near the popliteal fossa

Back 140

Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

Front 141

____ cutaneous nerve: innervates the skin of the buttock, thigh, and calf

Back 141

Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

Front 142

____ cutaneous nerve: Arises from the femoral nerve in the femoral triangle

Back 142

Saphenous nerve

Front 143

____ cutaneous nerve: pierces the fascial covering of the adductor canal at its distal end in company with the saphenous branch of the descending genicular artery

Back 143

Saphenous nerve

Front 144

____ cutaneous nerve: becomes cutaneous between the sartorius and the gracilis and descends behind the condyles of the femur and tibia

Back 144

Saphenous nerve

Front 145

____ cutaneous nerve: descends medial aspect of the leg in company with the great saphenous vein

Back 145

Saphenous nerve

Front 146

____ cutaneous nerve: Innervates the skin on the medial side of the leg and foot

Back 146

Saphenous nerve

Front 147

during surgery to repair varicose veins a nerve is cut accidentally, which is the most likely nerve to be cut

Back 147

Saphenous nerve

Front 148

____ cutaneous nerve: arises from the common peroneal nerve (aka. common fibular nerve; external popliteal nerve; peroneal nerve) in the popliteal fossa and innervates the skin on the posterolateral side of the leg

Back 148

Lateral sural cutaneous nerve

Front 149

____ cutaneous nerve: may have a communicating branch that joins the medial sural cutaneous nerve

Back 149

Lateral sural cutaneous nerve

Front 150

____ cutaneous nerve: Arises from the tibial nerve in the popliteal fossa, descends between the two heads of the Gastrocnemius, and, about the middle of the back of the leg, pierces the deep fascia

Back 150

Medial sural cutaneous nerve

Front 151

The sural nerve is made of :___________________

Back 151

Medial sural cutaneous nerve, Lateral sural cutaneous nerve or its communicating branch

Front 152

____ cutaneous nerve: Innervates the skin on the back of the leg and the lateral side of the ankle, heel, and foot

Back 152

Medial sural cutaneous nerve or sural nerve

Front 153

____ cutaneous nerve: descends between the peroneus muscles (aka. fibularis longus) and the extensor digitorum longus

Back 153

superficial fibular nerve (aka. superficial peroneal nerve)

Front 154

____ cutaneous nerve: pierces the deep fascia in the lower third of the leg to innervate the skin on the lateral side of the lower leg and the dorsum of the foot

Back 154

superficial fibular nerve (aka. superficial peroneal nerve)

Front 155

superficial fibular nerve (aka. superficial peroneal nerve) divides into:

1. ______ nerve which supplies the medial sides of the foot and ankle, the medial side of the great toe, and the adjacent sides of the second and third toes

2. _____ nerve which supplies the skin of the lateral sides of the foot and ankle and the adjacent sides of the third, fourth, and little toes

Back 155

1. medial dorsal cutaneous nerve (internal dorsal cutaneous branch)

2. intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve (external dorsal cutaneous branch)

Front 156

____ cutaneous nerve: Innervates anterior muscles of the leg and foot

Back 156

Deep peroneal nerve

Front 157

____ cutaneous nerve: Innervates the skin of the contiguous sides of the first and second toes

Back 157

Deep peroneal nerve

Front 158

____ superficial vein begins at the medial end of the dorsal venous arch of the foot and ascends in front of the medial malleolus and along the medial aspect of the tibia, ascends with ____ nerve

Back 158

Great saphenous vein, saphenous nerve

Front 159

The great saphenous vein passes anteriorly/posteriorly to the medial condyles of the tibia and femur?

Back 159

posteriorly

Front 160

The great saphenous vein passes through the ____ opening and into ____vein near the hip

Back 160

saphenous, femoral

Front 161

The external pudendal, superficial epigastric, superficial circumflex ilia, lateral femoral cutaneous, and accessory saphenous veins all drain to ___ vein

Back 161

great saphenous vein

Front 162

____ leg vein is a suitable vessel for use in coronary artery bypass surgery and for venipuncture

Back 162

great saphenous vein

Front 163

____ superficial vein begins at the lateral end of the dorsal venous arch and passes upward along the latero-posterior side of the foot with the ____ nerve, behind the lateral malleolus

Back 163

small (short) saphenous vein, sural

Front 164

Small (short) saphenous vein passes into the popliteal fossa, where it perforates the deep fascia and terminates in the ____ vein

Back 164

popliteal

Front 165

Varicose veins: typically develops in the deep/superficial veins

Back 165

superficial

Front 166

Most pulmonary emboli originate in deep/superficial veins

Back 166

deep

Front 167

___ ligament extends from the ischial tuberosity to the posterior iliac spines, lower sacrum, and coccyx

Back 167

sacrotuberous ligament

Front 168

___ ligament and ____ ligament convert the lesser sciatic notch into the lesser sciatic foramen

Back 168

sacrospinous ligament, sacrotuberous ligament

Front 169

____ ligament converts the greater sciatic notch into the greater sciatic foramen

Back 169

sacrospinous ligament

Front 170

sacrospinous/sacrotuberous ligament: more posterior?

Back 170

sacrotuberous

Front 171

Greater/lesser/both sciatic foramen:

1. piriformis muscle
2. gluteal vessels and nerves
3. inferior gluteal vessels and nerves
4. internal pudendal vessels=
5. pudendal nerve=
6. sciatic nerve
7. posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
8. nerves to the obturator internus=
9. nerves to the quadratus femoris muscles
10. tendon of the obturator internus

Back 171

1. G
2. G
3. G
4. B
5. B
6. G
7. G
8. B
9. G
10. L

Front 172

Lateral/medial side of leg: Iliotibial tract?

Back 172

lateral

Front 173

Patient who suddenly increased his level of running develops a stinging sensation just above the knee joint (on the outside of the knee) and swelling in the same area. Most likely dx?

Back 173

Iliotibial Band Syndrome (ITBS or ITBFS, for Iliotibial Band Friction Syndrome)

Front 174

Provides insertion for the gluteus maximus and tensor fasciae latae muscles?____

Back 174

Iliotibial Band

Front 175

_____ is a membranous, deep fascia covering muscles of the thigh

Back 175

Fascia lata

Front 176

Fascia lata forms the lateral and medial intermuscular septa by its inward extension to the ____ bone

Back 176

femur

Front 177

Injection in the gluteal region should always be made in the ____ _____ quadrant to avoid injury to the ____ nerve

Back 177

superior lateral, sciatic

Front 178

Gluteus maximus:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____

Back 178

1. Ilium; sacrum; coccyx; sacrotuberous ligament
2. Gluteal tuberosity; iliotibial tract
3. Inferior gluteal
4. Extends and rotates thigh laterally

Front 179

Gluteus medius:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____

Back 179

1. Ilium between iliac crest, and anterior and posterior gluteal lines
2. Posterior greater trochanter
3. Superior gluteal
4. stabilizes pelvis > abducts > rotates thigh medially

Front 180

Gluteus medius/maximus: more deep

Back 180

medius

Front 181

Gluteus medius/minimus: more deep

Back 181

minimus

Front 182

Gluteus minimus:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____

Back 182

1. Ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
2. Anterior greater trochanter
3. Superior gluteal
4. Abducts and rotates thigh medially

Front 183

Tensor fasciae latae:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____

Back 183

1. Iliac crest; anterior-superior iliac spine
2. Iliotibial tract [superior]
3. Superior gluteal
4. Flexes > abducts > rotates thigh medially

Front 184

Piriformis:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____

Back 184

1. Pelvic surface of sacrum [lower 3 fused sacrum, deep side]; sacrotuberous ligament
2. Posterior upper end of greater trochanter
3. Sacral (S1-S2)
4. Rotates thigh laterally

Front 185

____ muscle covers the obturator foramen from the inside side

Back 185

Obturator internus

Front 186

Obturator internus:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____

Back 186

1. Ischiopubic rami [deep side]; obturator membrane
2. Posterior lower end of greater trochanter
3. Nerve to obturator internus
4. Abducts and rotates thigh laterally

Front 187

Superior gemellus:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____

Back 187

1. Ischial spine [superficial side]
2. Obturator internus tendon[Posterior lower end of greater trochanter]
3. Nerve to obturator internus
4. Rotates thigh laterally

Front 188

Superior gemellus/Obturator internus: more superior

Back 188

Superior gemellus

Front 189

Interior gemellus:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____

Back 189

1. Ischial tuberosity [superficial side]
2. Obturator internus tendon
3. Nerve to quadratus femoris
4. Rotates thigh laterally

Front 190

Interior gemellus/Obturator internus: more superior

Back 190

Obturator internus

Front 191

Quadratus femoris:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____

Back 191

1. Ischial tuberosity
2. Intertrochanteric crest
3. Nerve to quadratus femoris
4. Rotates thigh laterally

Front 192

Semitendinosus:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____

Back 192

1. Ischial tuberosity
2. Medial surface of upper part of tibia
3. Tibial portion of sciatic nerve
4. Extends thigh; flexes and rotates leg medially

Front 193

Semitendinosus/Quadratus femoris: more superficial

Back 193

Semitendinosus

Front 194

Semitendinosus/Semimembranosus: more superficial

Back 194

Semitendinosus

Front 195

Semimembranosus:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____

Back 195

1. Ischial tuberosity
2. Medical condyle of tibia
3. Tibial portion of sciatic nerve
4. Extends thigh; flexes and rotates leg medially

Front 196

Biceps Femoris - long head :

1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____

Back 196

1. ischial tuberosity
2. Head of fibula [lateral side] (common tendon with the short head)
3. Tibial
4. Extends thigh; flexes and rotates leg laterally

Front 197

Biceps femoris – short head:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____

Back 197

1. linea aspera near the head of the femur
2. Head of fibula [lateral side] (common tendon with the long head)
3. Common peroneal (fibular) never, a division of the sciatic nerve
4. Extends thigh; flexes and rotates leg laterally

Front 198

The sciatic nerve leaves the pelvic cavity through ____ foramen and in between what two muscles?
_______ ________

Back 198

Greater sciatic foramen, Superior gemellus, piriformis

Front 199

Piriformis syndrome sx include pain in the buttocks and referred back pain, why?

Back 199

irritates and pressure on the sciatic nerve

Front 200

Positive Trendelenburg's sign indicates what? ____ ; nerve involved?_____

Back 200

weakness and paralysis of the gluteus medius and minimus muscle; superior gluteal nerve

Front 201

With a positive Trendelenburg's sign there is a problem with abduction/adduction?

Back 201

abduction

Front 202

With a positive Trendelenburg's sign, when standing on one leg, the pelvis drops on the opposite side [hanging leg]. The weakness is present on the side of the stance leg/hanging leg?

Back 202

stance leg

Front 203

A pulled hamstring could refer to what muscles?

Back 203

semitendinosus, the semimembranosus and the biceps femoris [short or long head]

Front 204

Iliacus:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____

Back 204

1. Iliac fossa; ala of sacrum
2. Lesser trochanter
3. Femoral
4. Flexes thigh (with psoas major)

Front 205

Sartorius:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____

Back 205

1. Anterior-superior iliac spine
2. Upper medial side of tibia
3. Femoral
4. Flexes and rotates thigh laterally; flexes and rotates leg medially

Front 206

Rectus femoris:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____

Back 206

1. Anterior-inferior iliac spine; posterior-superior rim of acetabulum
2. Base of patella; tibial tuberosity
3. Femoral
4. Flexes thigh; extends leg

Front 207

Vastus medialis:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____

Back 207

1. Intertrochanteric line; linea aspera; medial intermuscular septum
2. Medial side of patella; tibial tuberosity
3. Femoral
4. Extends leg

Front 208

Vastus lateralis:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____

Back 208

1. Intertrochanteric line; greater trochanter; linea aspera; gluteal tuberosity; lateral intermuscular septum
2. Lateral side of patella; tibial tuberosity
3. Femoral
4. Extends leg

Front 209

Vastus intermedius:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____

Back 209

1. Upper shaft of femur; lower lateral intermuscular septum
2. Upper border of patella; tibial tuberosity
3. Femoral
4. Extends leg

Front 210

Adductor longus:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____

Back 210

1. Body of pubis below its crest
2. Middle third of linea aspera
3. Obturator
4. Adducts and flexes thigh

Front 211

Adductor brevis:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____

Back 211

1. Body and inferior pubic ramus
2. Pectineal line; upper part of linea aspera
3. Obturator
4. Adducts and flexes thigh

Front 212

Adductor magnus:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____

Back 212

1. Ischiopubic ramus; ischial tuberosity
2. Linea aspera; medial supracondylar line; adductor tubercle
3. Obturator and sciatic (tibial part)
4. Adducts, flexes, and extends thigh

Front 213

Pectineus:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____

Back 213

1. Pectineal line of pubis
2. Pectineal line of femur
3. Obturator and femoral
4. Adducts and flexes thigh

Front 214

Gracilis:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____

Back 214

1. Body and inferior pubic ramus
2. Medial surface of upper quarter of tibia
3. Obturator
4. Adducts and flexes thigh; flexes and rotates leg medially

Front 215

Obturator externus:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____

Back 215

1. Margin of obturator foramen and obturator membrane
2. Intertrochanteric fossa of femur
3. Obturator
4. Rotates thigh laterally

Front 216

Tibialis anterior:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____

Back 216

1. Lateral tibial condyle; interosseous membrane
2. First cuneiform; first metatarsal
3. Deep peroneal (fibular)
4. Dorsiflexes and inverts foot

Front 217

Extensor hallucis longus:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____

Back 217

1. Middle half of anterior surface of fibula; interosseous membrane
2. Base of distal phalanx of big toe
3. Deep peroneal (fibular)
4. Extends big toe; dorsiflexes and inverts foot

Front 218

Extensor digitorum longus:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____

Back 218

1. Lateral tibial condyle; upper two thirds of fibula; interosseous membrane
2. Bases of middle and distal phalanges
3. Deep peroneal (fibular)
4. Extends toes; dorsiflexes and everts foot

Front 219

Peroneus (fibularis) tertius:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____

Back 219

1. Distal one third of fibula; interosseous membrane
2. Base of fifth metatarsal
3. Deep peroneal (fibular)
4. Dorsiflexes and everts foot

Front 220

Peroneus (fibularis) longus:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____

Back 220

1. Lateral tibial condyle; head and upper lateral side of fibula
2. Base of first metatarsal; medial cuneiform
3. Superficial peroneal (fibular)
4. Everts and plantar flexes foot

Front 221

Peroneus (fibularis) brevis:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____

Back 221

1. Lower lateral side of fibula; intermuscular septa
2. Base of fifth metatarsal
3. Superficial peroneal (fibular)
4. Everts and plantar flexes foot

Front 222

Gastrocnemius:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____

Back 222

1. Lateral (lateral head) and medial (medial head) femoral condyles
2. Posterior aspect of calcaneus via tendo calcaneus
3. Tibial
4. Flexes knee; plantar flexes foot

Front 223

Soleus:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____

Back 223

1. Upper fibula head; soleal line on tibia
2. Posterior aspect of calcaneus via tendo calcaneus
3. Tibial
4 . Plantar flexes foot

Front 224

Plantaris:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____

Back 224

1. Lower lateral supracondylar line
2. Posterior surface of calcaneus
3. Tibial
4. Flexes leg; plantar flexes foot

Front 225

Popliteus:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____

Back 225

1. Lateral condyle of femur; popliteal ligament
2. Upper posterior side of tibia
3. Tibial
4. Flexes by unlocking knee and rotates leg medially

Front 226

Flexor hallucis longus:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____

Back 226

1. Lower two thirds of fibula; interosseous membrane; intermuscular septa
2. Base of distal phalanx of big toe
3. Tibial
4. Plantar flexes foot; flexes distal phalanx of big toe

Front 227

Flexor digitorum longus:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____

Back 227

1. Middle posterior aspect of tibia
2. Distal phalanges of lateral four toes
3. Tibial
4 .Flexes lateral four toes; plantar flexes foot

Front 228

Tibialis posterior:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____

Back 228

1. Interosseous membrane; upper parts of tibia and fibula
2. Tuberosity of navicular; sustentacula tali; three cuneiforms; cuboid; bases of metatarsals 2-4
3. Tibial
4. Plantar flexes and inverts foot

Front 229

Extensor digitorum brevis:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____

Back 229

1. Dorsal surface of calcaneus
2. Tendons of extensor digitorum longus
3. Deep peroneal
4. Extends toes

Front 230

Extensor hallucis brevis:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____

Back 230

1. Dorsal surface of calcaneus
2. Base of proximal phalanx of big toe
3. Deep peroneal
4. Extends big toe

Front 231

Abductor hallucis:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____

Back 231

1. Medical tubercle of calcaneus
2. Base of proximal phalanx of big toe
3. Medial plantar
4. Abducts big toe

Front 232

Flexor digitorum brevis:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____

Back 232

1. Medial tubercle of calcaneus
2. Middle phalanges of lateral four toes
3. Medial plantar
4. Flexes middle phalanges of lateral four toes

Front 233

Abductor digiti minimi:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____

Back 233

1. Medial and lateral tubercles of calcaneus
2. Proximal phalanx of little toe
3. Lateral plantar
4. Abducts little toe

Front 234

Quadratus plantae:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____

Back 234

1. Medial and lateral side of calcaneus
2. Tendons of flexor digitorum longus
3. Lateral plantar
4. Aids in flexing toes

Front 235

Lumbricals (4):
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____

Back 235

1. Tendons of flexor digitorum longus
2. Proximal phalanges; extensor expansion
3. First by medial plantar; lateral three by lateral plantar
4. Flex metatarsophalangeal joints and extend inter-phalangeal joints

Front 236

Flexor hallucis brevis:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____

Back 236

1. Cuboid; third cuneiform
2. Proximal phalanx of big toe
3. Medial plantar
4. Flexes big toe

Front 237

Flexor digiti minimi brevis:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____

Back 237

1. Base of metatarsal
2. Proximal phalanx of little toe
3. Lateral plantar
4. Flexes little toe

Front 238

Plantar interossei (3):
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____

Back 238

1. Medial sides of metatarsals
2. Medial sides of base of proximal phalanges
3. Lateral plantar
4. Adduct toes; flex proximal and extend distal phalanges

Front 239

Dorsal interossei (4):
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____

Back 239

1. Adjacent shafts of metatarsals
2. Proximal phalanges of second toe (medial and lateral sides), and third and fourth toes (lateral sides)
3. Lateral plantar
4. Abduct toes; flex proximal and extend distal phalanges

Front 240

The term Iliopsoas refers to the combination of three muscles:

Back 240

psoas major
psoas minor
iliacus

Front 241

Femoral triangle is bounded:
superiorly: ______
medially: ______
laterally: ______
floor: ______
roof: ______

Back 241

superiorly: inguinal ligament
medially: adductor longus
laterally: sartorius
floor: pectineus [small bit of superior lateral corner is iliopsoas]
roof: fascia lata and the cribriform fascia

Front 242

Femoral triangle transmits from medial to lateral:

Back 242

femoral nerve, artery, vein, and lymphatics
“NAVeL”

Front 243

Femoral ring is bounded:
anteriorly: ______
medially: ______
laterally: ______
posteriorly: ______

Back 243

anteriorly: inguinal ligament
medially: lacunar ligament
laterally: femoral vein
posteriorly: pectineal ligament

Front 244

The abdominal opening of the femoral canal through which bowel can sometimes enter, causing a femoral hernia is called the _________

Back 244

Femoral ring

Front 245

The femoral sheath has ____ (#) compartments. The lateral compartment contains the femoral ____, the intermediate compartment contains the femoral ____, and the medial and smallest compartment is called the femoral ____. The sheath is innervated by ____ nerve

Back 245

3, artery, vein, canal, femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve

Front 246

The femoral canal contains efferent ___ vessels and a lymph node embedded in a small amount of areolar tissue. It is ____ shaped and is about 2 cm long.

Back 246

lymphatic, conical

Front 247

Femoral herniation occurs most frequently in men/women? Why?_______

Back 247

women, greater width of the superior pubic ramus of the female pelvis

Front 248

Femoral sheath is formed by a prolongation of the ____ and ____ fascia

Back 248

transversalis and iliac

Front 249

Femoral sheath ends at the proximal border of the ____ opening

Back 249

saphenous

Front 250

_____ canal lies between the adductor longus, vastus medialis sartorius muscle and begins at the apex of the femoral triangle

Back 250

Adductor canal

Front 251

Adductor canal transmits medial to lateral:

Back 251

Vein, nerve, artery

Front 252

Adductor canal transmits what three major things [medial to lateral]?

Back 252

femoral vein, the saphenous nerve, and femoral artery

Front 253

Aperture in the tendon of the adductor magnus is known as the ______, transmits what?______

Back 253

Adductor hiatus (hiatus tendineus), femoral vessels

Front 254

Popliteal vessels begin how or when? __________

Back 254

As femoral vessels pass through the adductor hiatus

Front 255

Popliteal fossa is bounded:
1. superomedially: _____ and _____
2. superolaterally: ______
3. inferolaterally: ________
4. inferomedially: _______
5. floor: _________

Back 255

1. semitendinosus and semimembranosus
2. biceps muscles
3. gastrocnemius (~ plantaris)
4. gastrocnemius
5. femur, the oblique popliteal ligament, and the popliteus muscle.

Front 256

Popliteal fossa transmits what (nerves & vessels), from lateral to medial?

Back 256

common peroneal (fibular) nerve, popliteal vein, ~ small saphenous vein, popliteal artery, tibial nerve

Front 257

The three muscle tendons of the Pes anserinus are (from anterior to posterior):

Back 257

sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus

Front 258

Pes anserinus attaches to the medial/lateral side of the tibia

Back 258

medial

Front 259

The pes anserinus may be used for surgical repair of?

Back 259

anterior cruciate ligament of the knee joint

Front 260

The pes anserinus runs over what knee ligament?

Back 260

Tibial collateral

Front 261

Anterior compartment of the (lower) leg is supplied by the ___ nerve and ____ artery. Muscles in the compartment do what action principally?____

Back 261

deep fibular (peroneal), anterior tibial, dorsiflexion

Front 262

Patient has extreme tenderness, pain, and swolleness on the anterolateral aspect of the leg. The patient's CK levels are through the roof, what's the problem here?____

Back 262

patient has Anterior tibial compartment syndrome [ischemic necrosis of the muscles of the anterior compartment] due to compression of arteries (anterior tibial artery and its branches) by swollen muscles following excessive exertion

Front 263

claudication is what?____; it's cause?_____

Back 263

limping, ischemia

Front 264

Knee-jerk (patellar) reflex tests roots __ to __. Afferent impulses travel in the ___ nerve to the spinal cord, and efferent impulses are transmitted to the quadriceps via motor fibers in the ____ nerve.

Back 264

L2-L4, femoral, femoral

Front 265

1. Ankle-jerk (Achilles) reflex tests roots __ to __.
2. What muscle/s twitch?____
3. Afferent impulses travel in the ___ nerve/s to the spinal cord, and efferent impulses are transmitted in ____ nerve/s

Back 265

1. S1 and S2 (~L5)
2. triceps surae (gastrocnemius and the soleus muscles)
3. both afferent and efferent limbs of the reflex are carried in the tibial nerve

Front 266

Besides peripheral neuropathies, the Achilles reflex is classically delayed in ____. This reflex is usually absent in disk herniations at the___levels.

Back 266

hypothyroidism
L5-S1

Front 267

____ is a broad band of deep fascia extending between the tibia and fibula, above the ankle

Back 267

Superior extensor retinaculum

Front 268

____ is a Y-shaped band of deep fascia with stem of the Y being attached laterally to the upper surface of the calcaneus and then divides into an upper band, which attaches to the medial malleolus, and a lower band, which attaches to the deep fascia of the foot and the plantar aponeurosis.

Back 268

Inferior extensor retinaculum

Front 269

The inferior extensor retinaculum “y” forms a loop for the tendons of the ______ and ____

Back 269

extensor digitorum longus and the peroneus tertius

Front 270

Flexor retinaculum of the foot is medial/lateral?

Back 270

medial

Front 271

____ is a deep fascial band that passes between the medial malleolus and the medial-posterior surface of the calcaneus to form the tarsal tunnel

Back 271

Flexor retinaculum of the foot

Front 272

Tarsal tunnel transmits [from anterior to posterior]:

Back 272

tibialis posterior MT, flexor digitorum longus MT, posterior tibial artery and vein, tibial nerve, and flexor hallucis longus MT

MT=muscle tendon
“Tom, Dick A(V)Nd Harry”

Front 273

pain, numbness, and tingling sensations on the ankle, heel, and sole of the foot may be caused by ______ syndrome

Back 273

Tarsal tunnel syndrome

Front 274

triceps surae refers to :

Back 274

gastrocnemius and soleus shared muscle fibers (not the achilles tendon)

Front 275

Ankle sprain (inversion injury) is generally due to forced inversion/eversion? _____; involves lateral/medial malleolus?______

Back 275

inversion, lateral

Front 276

Tendon of peroneus longus runs along medial/lateral side of the foot?____
Inserts on ____ metatarpal

Back 276

lateral, 1st (medial cuneiform)

Front 277

Tendon of peroneus longus deep/superficial to the long plantar ligament?

Back 277

deep

Front 278

calcaneus, the talus, the navicular, the three cuneiforms, and the first, second, and third metatarsals form what?____

Back 278

medial longitudinal arch of the foot

Front 279

calcaneus, cuboid, and the fourth and fifth metatarsals form what?

Back 279

lateral longitudinal arch of the foot

Front 280

Flat foot (pes planus or talipes planus) is a condition of disappearance or collapse of the lateral/medial longitudinal arch?

Back 280

medial

Front 281

Flat foot (pes planus or talipes planus) causes adduciton/abduction of the forefoot?

Back 281

abduction

Front 282

the navicular bone, the three cuneiform bones, the cuboid bone, and the bases of the five metatarsal bones of the foot form what?

Back 282

Proximal (metatarsal) arch

Front 283

heads of five metatarsal bones form what?

Back 283

Distal arch

Front 284

Long plantar ligament runs from plantar side of the calcaneus to every metatarsal base except _____(#)

Back 284

1st

Front 285

Short plantar ligament extends from the front of the plantar surface of the ____ bone to the plantar surface of the ___ bone.

Back 285

calcaneus, cuboid

Front 286

Passes from the sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus to the navicular bone?____

Back 286

Spring (plantar calcaneonavicular) ligament

Front 287

Why is the Spring (plantar calcaneonavicular) ligament so named?

Back 287

it contains considerable numbers of elastic fibers to give elasticity to the arch and spring to the foot.

Front 288

Spring (plantar calcaneonavicular) ligament works synergistically with ___ tendon.

Back 288

tibialis posterior muslce tendon

Front 289

sustentaculum tali is a projection on ____ bone, medial/lateral side of foot?____

Back 289

calcaneus, medial

Front 290

a congenital deformity of the foot in which the foot is plantarflexed, inverted, and adducted

Back 290

Clubfoot (talipes equinovarus)

Front 291

Obturator nerve spinal roots?____

Back 291

L2-L4

Front 292

Arises from the lumbar plexus (L2-L4) and enters the thigh through the obturator foramen: ___ nerve

Back 292

Obturator nerve

Front 293

Anterior branch of ___ nerve descends between the adductor longus and adductor brevis muscles

Back 293

Obturator nerve

Front 294

Obturator nerve innervates abductors/adductors?

Back 294

adductors

Front 295

Name all the upper leg adductors____; nerve to them all ____

Back 295

1. adductor longus, adductor brevis, gracilis, and pectineus muscles
2. obturator

Front 296

Posterior branch of ___ nerve descends between the adductor brevis and adductor magnus muscles

Back 296

Obturator nerve

Front 297

Obturator nerve damage causes: lateral/medial swinging of the limb during walking? _____; why?____

Back 297

lateral, because of the unopposed abductors

Front 298

Femoral nerve spinal roots?____

Back 298

L2-L4

Front 299

Femoral nerve emerges from between _____ two muscles major muscles entering the pelcis, then enters the thigh by passing deep to the ____ ligament and lateral to the femoral ____.

Back 299

iliacus and psoas, inguinal, sheath

Front 300

Femoral nerve gives rise to all cutaneous nerves of the thigh except for _____ and ____

Back 300

genitofemoral and obturator cutaneous branches proximal-anteromedial skin of thigh

Front 301

Femoral nerve branch that innervates the skin from the medial upper knee to the ankle: _____

Back 301

saphenous nerve

Front 302

Damage to the femoral nerve causes impaired ___ movement of the hip and impaired ____ of the leg at the knee joint

Back 302

flexion, extension (paralysis of the quadriceps femoris)

Front 303

Superior gluteal nerve spinal roots?____

Back 303

L4, L5, S1

Front 304

Arises from the sacral plexus and enters the buttock through the greater sciatic foramen ABOVE the piriformis: ____ nerve

Back 304

Superior gluteal nerve

Front 305

Passes between the gluteus medius and minimus muscles and divides into numerous branches

Back 305

Superior gluteal nerve

Front 306

Innervates the gluteus medius and minimus, the tensor fasciae latae, and the hip joint.

Back 306

Superior gluteal nerve

Front 307

Inferior gluteal nerve spinal roots?____

Back 307

L5, S1, S2

Front 308

Arise from the sacral plexus and enter the buttock through the greater sciatic foramen BELOW the piriformis: ____ nerve AND ____ nerve

Back 308

Inferior gluteal nerve and posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

Front 309

Innervates the overlying gluteus maximus: ______ nerve

Back 309

Inferior gluteal nerve

Front 310

Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve spinal roots?____

Back 310

S1, S2, S3

Front 311

Runs deep to the gluteus maximus and emerges from the inferior-medial border of this muscle: ____ nerve

Back 311

Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

Front 312

Innervates the skin of the lower buttock, posterior thigh and calf, as well as scrotum or labia and perineum

Back 312

Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

Front 313

Sciatic nerve spinal roots?____

Back 313

L4, L5, S1, S2, S3

Front 314

largest nerve in the body

Back 314

Sciatic nerve

Front 315

Divides at the superior border of the popliteal fossa into the tibial nerve and the common peroneal nerve

Back 315

Sciatic nerve

Front 316

Descends the leg over the obturator internus gemelli and quadratus femoris muscles: ____ nerve

Back 316

Sciatic nerve

Front 317

Innervates the hamstring muscles

Back 317

=Sciatic nerve

Front 318

Damage to the sciatic nerve: causes impaired ____ at the hip and impaired ____ at the knee

Back 318

extension, flexion

Front 319

Femoral/Sciatic damage would cause problems with:
1. dorsiflexion and plantar flexion at the ankle: _____
2. inversion and eversion of the foot: _____

Back 319

1. Sciatic
2. Sciatic

Front 320

Common peroneal (fibular) nerve spinal roots?____

Back 320

L4, L5, S1, S2

Front 321

Arises as the smaller terminal portion of the sciatic nerve at the apex of the popliteal fossa, descends through the fossa, and superficially crosses the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle: ____ nerve

Back 321

Common peroneal (fibular) nerve

Front 322

Passes behind the head of the fibula, then winds laterally around the neck of the fibula, and pierces the peroneus longus, where it divides into the deep peroneal and superficial peroneal nerves: ____ nerve

Back 322

Common peroneal (fibular) nerve

Front 323

Gives rise to the lateral sural cutaneous nerve: ____ nerve

Back 323

Common peroneal (fibular) nerve

Front 324

What supplies the skin on the lateral part of the back of the leg and knee

Back 324

lateral sural cutaneous nerve

Front 325

fracture of the head or neck of the fibula may lead to injured ___ nerve

Back 325

Common peroneal (fibular) nerve

Front 326

Innervates the peroneus longus and brevis muscles and then emerges between the peroneus longus and brevis muscles

Back 326

Superficial peroneal (fibular) nerve

Front 327

Damage to the common peroneal (fibular) nerve: may causes impaired ____ & ___ movements of the foot and loss of ____ on the dorsum of the foot and lateral aspect of the leg

Back 327

dorsiflexion & eversion (anterior and lateral compartments respectively), sensation

Front 328

What does the Superficial peroneal (fibular) nerve do at the lower third of the leg?

Back 328

pierces the deep fascia to become subcutaneous

Front 329

Enters the anterior compartment by passing through the extensor digitorum longus muscle

Back 329

Deep peroneal (fibular) nerve

Front 330

Descends on the anterior interosseous membrane

Back 330

Deep peroneal (fibular) nerve

Front 331

Deep peroneal (fibular) nerve innervates:________________muscles

Back 331

extensor hallucis brevis, extensor digitorum brevis, tibialis anterior

Front 332

Deep peroneal (fibular) nerve anterior/posterior muscles of the lower leg?

Back 332

Anterior

Front 333

Damage to the superficial peroneal (fibular) nerve: causes loss of ____ of the foot

Back 333

eversion

Front 334

Damage to the deep peroneal (fibular) nerve: results in ____ and hence a characteristic high-stepping gait

Back 334

foot drop (loss of dorsiflexion)

Front 335

Tibial nerve nerve spinal roots?____

Back 335

L4, L5, S1, S2, S3

Front 336

Tibial nerve innervates ____ lower leg compartment muscles?

Back 336

posterior

Front 337

Tibial nerve cutaneous braches innervate skin where?____

Back 337

medial posterior calve and heel [medial sural cutaneous nerve and medial calcaneal]

Front 338

Where does the tibial nerve terminate? _____ ; branches into? _____

Back 338

beneath the flexor retinaculum; medial and lateral plantar nerves

Front 339

____ nerves pass distally between the abductor hallucis and flexor digitorum brevis muscles; which nerve innervates these muscle

Back 339

Medial and lateral plantar nerve, medial

Front 340

Medial and lateral plantar nerve give rise to ___ branches

Back 340

common digital branches

Front 341

What innervates the flexor hallucis brevis

Back 341

common digital branches of the medial plantar nerve

Front 342

___ innervates the first lumbrical and the skin of the medial three and one-half toes

Back 342

common digital branches of the medial plantar nerve

Front 343

innervates abductor digiti minimi muscles. lateral three lumbricals adductor hallucis

Back 343

Lateral plantar nerve

Front 344

innervates flexor digiti minimi brevis

Back 344

Lateral plantar nerve

Front 345

innervates plantar and dorsal interossei

Back 345

Lateral plantar nerve

Front 346

loss of plantar flexion of the foot implies a problem with ___ nerve

Back 346

tibial nerve

Front 347

impaired inversion resulting from paralysis of the tibialis posterior is due to ___ nerve damage

Back 347

tibial nerve

Front 348

_____ artery enters the buttock through the greater sciatic foramen ABOVE the piriformis muscle

Back 348

Superior gluteal artery

Front 349

Superior gluteal artery arises from the_______ artery

Back 349

internal iliac (posterior division)

Front 350

What arteries anastomose under the gluteus muscles? __________

Back 350

Superior gluteal artery, inferior gluteal, lateral sacral arteries, lateral and medial circumflex femoral arteries

Front 351

____ usually passes between the first and second sacral nerves, and enters the buttock through the greater sciatic foramen below the piriformis

Back 351

Inferior gluteal artery

Front 352

Inferior gluteal artery arises from the ______ artery

Back 352

Inferior gluteal artery arises from the ______ artery
=internal iliac (anterior division)