Brock Biology Of Microorganisms Chapter Two

Front 1

Three characteristics of Prokaryotic cells

Back 1

1) Simple internal Structure

2) no membrane bound organelles

3) 1-5 micrometers longs and 1 micrometer wide

Front 2

Two characteristics of Eukaryotic cells (why they differ from prokaryotic cells)

Back 2

1) Larger and more structurally complex than prokaryotic cells

2) Possess membrane bound organelles

Front 3

Viruses differ from other cells in these four ways

Back 3

1) viruses are not dynamic, open systems

2) viruses are incapable of taking in nutrients

3) viruses are unable to change or replace their parts

4) viruses have no metabolic abilities of their own

Front 4

Describe the Prokaryotic genome (5 facts)

Back 4

1) DNA is large double stranded molecule and the DNA aggregates to form a nucleoid in the cell

2) DNA is circular in most prokaryotes

3) Most prokaryotes have only a single chromosome

4) Many have circular extra chromosomal DNA called plasmids

5) single copy of each gene (haploid)

Front 5

Describe the Eukaryotic Genome (4 facts) in relation to differences of Prokaryotic genome

Back 5

1) DNA present in linear double stranded molecules in the nucleus

2) DNA packages and organized into chromosomes

3) Contain special proteins (such as histones) used to help pack and fold DNA

4) Contain two copies of each gene (diploid)

Front 6

How many base pairs and genes are in the Human and E. coli genome?

Back 6

Human- 4.7 billion base pairs
32,000 genes
E. Coli- 4.7 million base pairs
4,300 genes

Front 7

Three phylogenetically distinct lineages of cells that have been identified

Back 7

1) Bacteria (Prokaryotes)

2) Archae (Prokaryotes)

3) Eukarya (Eukaryotes)

Front 8

Eight ways microbial diversity is demonstrated

Back 8

1) Size

2) Morphology

3) Metabolic Strategies (Physiolgoy)

4) Motility

5) Mechanisms of cell division

6) Pathogenicity

7) Development

8) Adaptation to environments

Front 9

Energy (ATP) can be obtained in these three ways in nature

Back 9

Source (Type of Microbe)

1) Organic Substances (Chemoorganotrophs (majority))

2) Inorganic Substances (Chemolithotrophs, unique to prokaryotes)

3) Light (Photosynthetic Autotrophs)

Front 10

Heterotrophs

Back 10

Require one or more organic compounds as their carbon source (ex. of carbon sources include glucose and acetate)

includes chemoorganotrophs

Front 11

Autotrophs

Back 11

use CO2 as their sole source of carbon

includes chemolithotrophs and photoautotrophs

Front 12

Hyperthermophile (List Extreme, Domain, and Habitat)

Back 12

Live in High temperatures

part of domain archae

example of habitat hot undersea

Front 13

Psychorophile (List Extreme, Domain, and Habitat)

Back 13

Live in low temperatures

Part of domain bacteria

example of habitat sea ice

Front 14

Acidophile (List Extreme, Domain, and Habitat)

Back 14

Live in low pH

Part of domain archae

example of habitat acidic hot springs

Front 15

Alkaliphile (List Extreme, Domain, and Habitat)

Back 15

Live in high pH

Part of Domain Archae

Example of habitat soda lakes

Front 16

Barophile (List Extreme, Domain, and Habitat)

Back 16

Live in high pressure

Part of Domain Bacteria

Example of habitat deep ocean sediments

Front 17

Halophile (List Extreme, Domain, and Habitat)

Back 17

Live in salty environments

Part of Domain Archae

Example of habitat salterns

Front 18

Three characteristics of the Bacteria group

Back 18

1) contains an enormous variety of prokaryotes

2) all pathogenic bacteria are found in this group

3) largest dvision (phylum) is "proteobacteria"

Front 19

Cyanobacteria

Back 19

oxygen producing phototrophs

Front 20

Spirochetes

Back 20

bacteria group

unusual helical shape

cause lyme disease

Front 21

Planctomyces

Back 21

bacteria group

unusual stalk structure for attachment

Front 22

Deinococcus

Back 22

bacteria group

many types are pathogenic or parasitic

Front 23

Two characteristics of Archae group

Back 23

1) Most archae are "extremeophiles" meaning they live in extremely hostile environments

2) All archae are chemotrophic

Front 24

Two main subdivisions of Archae

Back 24

1) Euryarchaeota

2) Crenarchaeota

Front 25

Examples of Bacteria group

Back 25

E. coli, Salmonella, Pseudomonas, Gram positive, Green sulfur, green non-sulfur