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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Subdivisions of brain stem? (3)
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1. Medulla oblongata
2. Pons 3. Mesencephalon (midbrain) |
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Where is the cerebral aqueduct located?
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Midbrain
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Where is the fourth ventricle located?
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Pons & Upper medulla
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Fourth ventricle narrows to form what in the lower medulla?
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Central canal
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Diencephalon contains which ventricle?
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Third ventricle
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What are the 3 main types of components in the brain stem?
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1. Nuclear clusters
2. Long tracts 3. Reticular system |
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What are nuclear clusters?
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Related to connections of the cranial nerves (mostly motor or sensory)
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What are long tracts?
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Sensory & motor pathways traversing the brain stem
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Elements of the reticular system concern? (4)
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1. Consciousness
2. Wake-sleep 3. Autonomic 4. Homeostatic functions |
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What is the reticular system?
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Diffuse clusters of neurons
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How is the brain stem organized? (4)
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1. Roof (tectum)
2. Ventricular space 3. Body (tegmentum) 4. Base |
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The base of the brain stem is composed of? (3)
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1. Cerebral peduncle
or 2. Basilar pons or 3. Pyramids |
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4 main divisions that neural tube has?
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1. Somatic sensory
2. Visceral sensory 3. Visceral motor 4. Somatic sensory |
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What separates the alar & basal plates?
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Sulcus limitans
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Alar plates represent?
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Sensory
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Basal plates of neural tube represent?
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Motor functions
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Long tracts of the lower medulla? (4)
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1. Medial leminiscus
2. Corticospinal tract (pyramids) 3. Spinothalamic tract 4. Spinal trigeminal tract |
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Nuclei of the lower medulla? (3)
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1. Nucleus cuneatus
2. Nucleus gracillis 3. Spinal trigeminal nucleus |
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Long tracts of upper medulla? (6)
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1. Medial leminiscus
2. Corticospinal tract (pyramids) 3. Spinothalamic tract 4. Spinal trigeminal tract 5. Medial longitudinal fasciculus 6. Solitary tract |
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Nuclei of the upper medulla? (6)
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1. Hypoglossal nucleus
2. Inferior olivary nucleus 3. Solitary nucleus 4. Vestibular nuclei 5. Spinal trigeminal nucleus 6. Dorsal motor nucleus or vagus |
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Posterior columns carry?
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Long white fibers from spinal cord
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Posterior columns terminate where?
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Posterior column nuclei:
Gracilis & cuneatus |
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Where do 2nd order fibers from gracilis & cuneateus cross the midline in the lower medulla?
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Medial lemniscus
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Where do descending corticospinal fibers cross in lower medulla?
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Pyramidal decussation
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Trigeminal pain & temperature fibers travel down _____ & end in _____?
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Spinal trigeminal tract
Spinal trigeminal nucleus |
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Cerebellar connections of upper medulla?
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Inferior cerebellar peduncle
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Which fibers cross midline & form bulk of inferior cerebellar peduncle?
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Olivocerebellar fibers
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Nucleus ambigious is motor nucleus of which nerves? (2)
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IX-- Glossopharyngeal
X-- Vagus |
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Where are the cochlear nuclei located?
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Pontomedullary junction
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Long tracts of mid pons? (5)
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1. Medial lemniscus
2.Medial longitudinal fasciculus 3. Corticospinal tract 4. Spinothalamic tract 5. Spinal trigeminal tract |
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Nuclei of mid pons? (6)
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1. Abducens nucleus
2. Facial motor nucleus 3. Superior olivary nucleus 4. Spinal trigeminal nucleus 5. Deep cerebellar nuclei 6. Pontine nuclei |
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Nerves of mid pons? (3)
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1. VI- Abducens
2. VII- Facial nerve (internal genu) 3. VII- Facial nerve (descending root) |
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Cerebellar connections of mid pons? (2)
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1. Middle cerebellar peduncle
2. Superior cerebellar peduncle |
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Corticopontine fibers traveling w/ CST end where in mid pons?
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Pontine nuclei
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What is found at level of mid pons between the two superior olivary nuclei? (2)
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1. Trapezoid body
2. beginning of Lateral Lemniscus |
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Long tracts of rostral pons? (5)
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1. Medial lemniscus
2. Lateral lemniscus 3. Corticospinal tract 4. Medial longitudinal fasciculus 5. Spinothalamic tract |
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Nuclei of rostral pons? (3)
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1. Motor & sensory trigeminal nuclei
2. Mesenchephalic root of V 3. Periventricular gray |
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Cerebellar connections of rostral pons?
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Superior cerebellar peduncle
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Long tracts of caudal midbrain? (4)
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1. Lateral meniscus
2. Medial meniscus 3. Medial longtiduinal fasciculus 4. Spinothalamic tract |
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Nuclei of caudal midbrain? (3)
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1. Trochlear nucleus
2. Pontine nucleus 3. Inferior colliculus |
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Cerebellar connections of caudal midbrain?
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Decussation of superior cerebellar peduncles
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Long tracts of rostral midbrain? (3)
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1. Medial lemniscus
2. Spinothalamic tract 3. Corticospinal tract (in cerebral peduncle) |
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Nuclei of rostral midbrain? (6)
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1. Oculomotor nucleus
2. Inferior brachium (from inferior colliculus) 3. Periaqueductal gray 4. Red nucleus 5. Superior colliculus 6. Substantia nigra |
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Which fibers does cerebral peduncle contain? (3)
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1. Corticobulbar
2. Corticospinal 3. Corticopontine |
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What emerges from the interpeduncular fossa of the rostral midbrain?
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Oculomotor nerve
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Reticular system is located throughout the _______ of the brain stem?
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Tegmentum
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Functions of the reticular system? (3)
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1. Control circulation & respiration
2. Regulate sleep & wakefulness 3. Regulation of attention & level of consciousness |
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Three regions of the reticular system?
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1. Raphe nuclei
2. Medial region 3. Lateral region |
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Where are the raphe nuclei located?
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Sagittal midline of the brainstem
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What is located in the medial region of the reticular system?
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Motor reticular cells that leave the region
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Lateral region of the reticular system primarily receives?
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Sensory neuron collaterals
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Lateral region of the reticular system is primarily concerned w/?
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Cranial nerve reflexes & visceral functions
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What originates in the medial region of the reticular system?
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Long ascending & descending reticular tracts
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What embryologically separates the motor & sensory nuclei in the brain stem?
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Sulcus limitans
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Spinal nerves & cranial nerves have which 4 general components?
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1. Somatic afferent (sensory)
2. Visceral afferent (sensory) 3. Visceral efferent (motor) 4. Somatic efferent (motor) |
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General somatic afferent fibers are related to?
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Receptors for pain, temperature & mechanical stimuli in somatic structures such as skin, muscles & joints
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General visceral afferent fiber are related to?
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Receptors in visceral structures such as walls of GI tract
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General visceral efferent fibers are?
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Preganglionic autonomic fibers
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General somatic efferent fibers are?
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Innervate skeletal muscle
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What are the special components of cranial nerves? (3)
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1. Special somatic afferent
2. Special visceral afferent 3. Special visceral efferent (Branchial motor) |
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Special somatic afferent fibers are related to?
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Sight, hearing & equilibrium
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Special visceral afferent fibers are related to?
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Smell & taste
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Special visceral efferent fibers innervate?
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Certain striated branchiomeric muscles-- derived from branchial arches
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