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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 major parts of the brain |
Brain stem, cerebrum, and cerebellum |
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What are the 4 parts the brain stem is divided into? |
medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain, diencephalon |
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What is the corpus callosum? |
thick band of connecting fibers at bottom of longitudinal fissure |
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what is a gryus? |
ridges in the prain |
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What is a sulci? |
grooves in the brain |
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Whats different about the meninges? |
there is no epidural space |
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What is different about the dura mater? |
It has 2 layers and the venous sinuses lie between |
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What are the 3 extensions of Dura that help anchor the brain? |
falx cerebri, falx cerebelli, tentorium cerebelli |
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Where is the falx cerebri? |
between the cerebral hemisphere in longitudinal fissure (attatched to crista gali) |
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What is the falx cerebelli? |
between cerebellar hemishpere; superficial to vermis. |
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Where is the tentorium cerebelli? |
between the cerebrum and cerebellum; in the transverse fissure |
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Where is the CSF produceds |
60% is produced by the choroid plexuses in each ventricle and general epndymal lining of ventricular system. 40% is produced in subaracnoid space |
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What is the choroid plexus |
capillary networks covered by ependymal cells |
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How is the CFS reabsorbed? |
its reabsorbed by arachnoid granulations in dural sinuses |
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What is the 3 functions of CFS? |
CNS "blood" that exchanges gases, nutrients, and wastes absorbs shock buoyant |
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How does the blood supply work? |
4- prong supply through cerebral arterial circle brain capillaries less leaky- blood brain barrier |
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What is the function of the medulla oblongota? |
conduction pathway- many descending tracts of CNS cross from left to right at decussation of pyramids nuclei for CN IX-XII |
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What are the MO bulges? |
The anterior bulge- pyramids (primary tracts) The lateral bulge- olives (primarily nuclei) |
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What are the 2 functions of the pons? |
connects medulla with midbrain; both to cerebellum via cerebellar peduncles nuclei for CN V-VIII |
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What is the function of the midbrain |
nuclei for CN III & IV |
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Whats contained in the midbrain? |
cerebral peduncles cerebral aqueduct corpora quadrigemina |
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What are the cerebral peduncles? |
anterior fiber tracts and nuclei |
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what is the corpora quadirgemina |
divided into superior (visual reflexes) and inferior (auditory reflexes) colliculi |
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What is contained in the diencephalon? |
Thalamus, Epithalamus, Hypothalamus, and 3rd ventricle |
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What is the thalamus? |
Has 23 nuclei, major function is a relay center for sensory information to cerebrum, and is connected by intermediate mass |
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What is the epithalamus |
posterior roof containing pineal gland (neuroendocrine organ) |
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What is the hypothalamus? |
floor, has 12 small nuclei, connected to pituitary gland by infundibulum, and regulates autonomic nervous system and endocrine system |
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How does the cerebellum communicate? |
Communicates with the brain stem via 3 pairs of cerebellar peduncles |
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What are 3 functions of the cerebellum? |
regulates voluntary, skilled movements by comparing intent with performance regulates posture and balance many others including sensory and motor (has 50% of the brains neurons) |
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What are the 3 tracts of white matter in the cerebrum? |
association, commissural, and projection |
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What is the limbic system? |
Also called border system, bilateral interconnected rings of structures (mostly gray matter) around diencephalon; includes hippocampus and is the site of neuron proliferation and fornix |
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What are the 5 functions of the cerebrum? |
sensory areas- interpret and localize motor areas- initiate muscular movement association areas- emotion and intellect basal nuclei- coordinate gross, automatic movements (like walking) and muscle tone limbic system- emotional behavior realted to survival and memory (hippocampus) |
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What is cranial nerve I + Site of attatchment and function. |
Olfactory, cerebrum, smell |
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What is cranial nerve II + Site of attatchment and function. |
Optic, thalamus, vision |
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What is cranial nerve III + Site of attatchment and function. |
Oculomotor, Midbrain, eyeball & eyelid movement, pupil constriction, muscle sense |
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What is cranial nerve IV+ Site of attatchment and function. |
Trochlear, midbrain, eyeball movement; muscle sense |
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What is cranial nerve V + Site of attatchment and function. |
Trigeminal (V1- ophtalmic, V2- Maxillary, V3- Mandibular), Pons, chewing; muscle sense facial sensations |
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What is cranial nerve VI + Site of attatchment and function. |
Abducens, pons, eyeball movement and muscle sense |
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What is cranial nerve VII + Site of attatchment and function. |
Facial, pons, muscles of facial expressions, saliva & tear secreation, taste and muscle sense |
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What is cranial nerve VIII + Site of attatchment and function. |
Vestibulocochlear, pons and medulla oblongata. balance and hearing |
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What is cranial nerve IX + Site of attatchment and function. |
glossopharyngeal, medulla oblongata, saliva secretion, taste, blood pressure regulation |
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What is cranial nerve X + Site of attatchment and function. |
Vagus, medulla oblongata, visceral smooth muscle control, digestive secretion; visceral sensations, muscle sense |
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What is cranial nerve XI + Site of attatchment and function. |
Accessory, medulla oblongata, anterior gray horns C1-C5 head, neck & shoulder movements, swallowing and muscle sense |
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What is cranial nerve XII + Site of attatchment and function. |
hypoglossal, medulla oblongata, tongue movement (swallowing and speech) muscle sense |
