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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What neural structures make up gray matter? White Matter? |
Gray matter: Processing and modification of information
- Nerve cell bodies - Axons - Dendrites White matter: Transmission of information over long distances - Axons |
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How do gray matter and white matter appear on a myelin stain?
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Grey matter: grey
White matter: black |
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What is the usefulness of a Nissl stain on neuronal sections?
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Cell bodies stain dark purple
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What are the key roles of the spinal cord and what kinds of structures orchestrate these roles?
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Motor:
- Motor neuron cell bodies - Descending motor tracts Sensory: Somatosensory information from body; some processing - Ascending somatosensory tracts Autonomic: Contributes to homeostasis - Preganglionic sympathetic neurons (all) - Preganglionic parasympathetic neurons (S2 - S4) - Descending tracts to regulate outflow from spinal cord |
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What are the four major components that make up the brain stem?
What are their functions? |
Cranial nerves and nuclei
Long tracts: - Carry motor and sensory information between spinal cord and higher CNS areas Cerebellar circuitry: - Assists cerebellar motor control Reticular formation - Regulates vital functions (HR, respiration, consciousness) |
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What region of the CNS is this?
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Diencephalon
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What are these structures?
Are they paired or unpaired? These structures form the walls of what structure? |
Paired
3rd ventricle |
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What are the functions of these structures?
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What are these structures?
What are their functions? |
Cerebral cortex:
- All the grey matter on the outside of the cerebral hemispheres Deep white matter - Connects regions of cortex and subcortical structures Basal ganglia - Buried grey matter structures in cerebral hemisphere |
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Arrows pointing to precentral gyrus and postcentral gyrus
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What are these two regions of the cerebral cortex?
What do they do? |
Precentral gyrus = primary motor cortex
Postcentral gyrus = primary somatosensory cortex |
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Describe the path of CSF through the ventricular system and approximately where in the CNS each of these regions is found
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1. Lateral ventricles (2) (Curves through cerebral hemispheres
↓ Foramen of Monroe (2) 2. Third ventricle (midline cavity of diencephalon ↓ Cerebral aqueduct (Midbrain) 3. Fourth ventricle (Midbrain, Pons, Medulla) ↓ Medial and lateral foramina Subarachnoid space |
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What is the septum pellucidum?
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Membrane that separates the two lobes of the lateral ventricles
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What structures produce CSF?
Where are they located? |
Choroid plexus:
- Lateral ventricles - Roof of third ventricle - Posterior of 4th ventricle |
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What are arachnoid granulations?
What is their function? Where are they located? |
Large groups of villi that project through arachnoid space to the dural venous sinuses
Reabsorb CSF Seen mainly in superior saggital sinus |
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What are the meningeal layers and where are they found in reference to the CNS?
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Dura (outermost)
Arachnoid Pia (innermost) |
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What are the functions of the meninges?
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Cover the brain and spinal cord
Stabilize the shape and movement |
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What arteries supply the dura with blood?
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Meningeal arteries
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What causes an epidural hematoma?
Where does the blood pool? |
Rupture of a meningeal artery
Blood creates a space between the dura and the skull |
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What are the falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli?
What are their functions? |
Deep dural folds into cranial cavity
Provide stability when the head is moving |
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Where are the major venous sinuses located?
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Along the edges of the dural folds
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What causes a subdural hematoma?
Where does blood pool in this hematoma? |
Rupture of a bridging vein (traveling from the arachnoid to the dura)
Blood pools in the potential subdural space |
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Where do major blood vessels that supply the brain travel?
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Subarachnoid space
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How is the pia attached to the brain and arachnoid mater?
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Hugs gyri and dips into sulci
Connected to arachnoid by long strands of connective tissue |
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What are the two main blood supplies to the brain?
What regions do each of these supply? |
Internal carotid branches ("anterior circulation")
- Retina - Hemispheres - Lateral cortex - Most basal ganglia - Medial cortex (anterior) Vertebral-basilar branches ("posterior circulation") - Medial cortex (posterior) - Most diencephalon - Brainstem - Cerebellum - Upper cervical spinal cord |
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What supplies the spinal cord with blood?
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Aortic branches
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