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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Olfactory bulb
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Two olfactory bundles of nerves that lie on either side of the crista galli. Olfactory afferents synapse within the bulbs.
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Optic nerve
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Nerve that carries visual information from the special sensory ganglia in the eye to the optic chiasma
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Mammilary body
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Prominent nuclei on the floor of the hypothalamus; contain motor nuclei that control reflex movements associated with eating (such as chewing, licking, and swallowing)
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Cerebral peduncle
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Nerve fiber bundles on the mesencephalon. They contain 1) ascending fibers that synapse in the thalamus 2) descending fibers that carry voluntary motor commands from the primary motor cortex
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Pons
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Relays sensory information to/from cerebellum and thalamus.
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Medulla oblongata
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Relays sensory information to thalamus; autonomic centers for regulation of visceral function.
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Cerebrum
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Conscious thought processes and all intellectual function originate in the cerebral hemispheres
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Cerebellum
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Coordinates complex somatic motor patterns (adjusts output)
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Longitudinal fissure
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A deep groove that separates the two cerebral hemispheres
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Corpus collosum
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Crossing over fibers (axons) that allow communication between the two hemispheres
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Thalamus
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Relay and processing centers for sensory information
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Frontal lobe
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Contains primary motor cortex that functions in conscious control of skeletal muscles; also associated with judgments, personality, and decision making
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Parietal lobe
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Contains primary sensory cortex that functions in conscious perception of touch, pressure, vibration, pain, temperature, and taste
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Occipital lobe
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Contains visual cortex
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Temporal lobe
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Contains auditory cortex and olfactory cortex
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Arbor vitae
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“Tree of life.” White matter of cerebellum forms a branching array. Connects cerebellar cortex and nuclei with peduncles.
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4th ventricle
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Becomes continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord. CSF from the ventricles and central canal circulate into the subarachnoid pace through foramina in the roof of this ventricle
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Pineal body
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Endocrine gland that secretes the hormone melatonin. Involved in
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Corpora quadrigemina
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Sensory nuclei on mesencephalon.
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superior colliculi
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Superior receives visual inputs from thalamus
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inferior colliculi
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Inferior receives auditory data from the medulla oblongata
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Optic chiasma
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Crossing point of optic nerves
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Meninges
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Surround the brain in the cranial cavity. Provide protection, acting as a shock absorber that prevents contact with surrounding bones.
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Adipose cushion
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Mass of fat provides padding and insulation
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Cornea
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Continuous with sclera. Avascular and must obtain oxygen and nutrients from tears that flow across its surface. Contains numerous free nerve endings, making it the most sensitive portion of the eye.
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Sclera
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“White of the eye.” Dense, fibrous connective tissue. Six ocular muscles insert on the sclera. Anterior surface contains small blood vessels and nerves.
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Extrinsic eye muscles
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Originate on the surface of the orbit and control the position of each eye
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Lens
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Lies posterior to the cornea and is held into place with suspensory ligaments. Focuses the visual image on the retinal photoreceptors. Accomplishes this by changing its shape.
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Optic disk
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Axons from ganglion cells converge here and then penetrate the wall of the eye to proceed towards the optic nerve. No photoreceptor on it. Commonly known as the blind spot.
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Retina
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The innermost layer of the eye, lining the vitreous chamber. Contains visual receptors and associated neurons
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Tapetum lucidum
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Reflects light back to the retina to increase the quantity of light captured.
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Viterous humor
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Gelatinous mass. Helps maintain the shape of the eye, support the posterior surface of the lens, and gives physical support to the retina.
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Aqueous humor
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Fill anterior and posterior chambers. Forms a fluid cushion, provides an important route for nutrient and waste transport
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