Brain Anatomy - Basic

Front 1

When divided into three parts based on position, how are the parts of the brain identified?

Back 1

Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain

Front 2

This part of the brain contains olfactory obes, the cerebrum, thalmus, hypothalmus, and pituitary gland

Back 2

Forebrain

Front 3

This part of the brain contains the optic lobes

Back 3

Midbrain

Front 4

This part of the brain contains the cerebellum and medulla oblongata

Back 4

Hindbrain

Front 5

Nerve tissue within the brain

Back 5

Gray matter

Front 6

Insulated nerve cells

Back 6

White matter

Front 7

Oldest part of the brain (in terms of evolution)

Back 7

Brainstem

Front 8

Newest part of the brain (in terms of evolution)

Back 8

Frontal Lobes

Front 9

Sometimes called the Reptillian Brain

Back 9

Hindbrain

Front 10

Contains the spinal cord, medulla oblongata, the pons, and the cerebellum

Back 10

Hindbrain

Front 11

Carries information to the brain and instructions from the brain

Back 11

Spinal cord

Front 12

Helps control the body's autonomic functions such as respiration, digestion and heart rate, as well as acting as a relay station for nerve signals

Back 12

Medulla Oblongata

Front 13

Regulates and coordinates movement, posture and balance. Also involved in learning movement.

Back 13

Cerebellum

Front 14

Relays sensory information between the cerebellum and cerebrum; aids in relaying other messages in the brain; controls arousal, and regulates respiration. Some believe it has a role in dreaming.

Back 14

Pons

Front 15

Area sometimes called the "old mammalian brain" or emotional brain

Back 15

Limbic System

Front 16

Where the amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and thalamus are located.

Back 16

Limbic System

Front 17

Performs a primary role in the formation and storage of emotionally-charged memories, as well as triggering responses of fear and anger.

Back 17

Amygdala

Front 18

Plays important role in the formation of new memories about experienced events, as well as spatial orientation or "place" memory.

Back 18

Hippocampus

Front 19

Influences hunger, thirst, and sexual behavior; regulates the pituitary gland; controls circadian rhythms and body temperature.

Back 19

Hypothalamus

Front 20

Relays most sensory signals within the brain and plays a function in motor control.

Back 20

Thalamus

Front 21

Where the frontal lobes, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe, Broca's Area, and the Corpus Callosum is located.

Back 21

Neocortex

Front 22

Sometimes called the Rational Brain or "neomammalian brain."

Back 22

Neocortex

Front 23

What separates the brain hemispheres.

Back 23

Longitudinal fissure

Front 24

The neural bridge that connects the two hemispheres and facilitates communication between them.

Back 24

Corpus callosum

Front 25

Linear reasoning and language functions, as well as a sense of past and present, are often lateralized to this part of the brain.

Back 25

Left hemisphere

Front 26

Holistic reasoning language functions (such as intonation and accentuation), spatial reasoning, artistic ability, and imagination, are often lateralized to part of the brain.

Back 26

Right hemisphere

Front 27

Controls speech, language recognition and facial nerves.

Back 27

Broca's Area

Front 28

An evolved portion of the brain that handles reasoning, problem solving, judgment, and impulse control; also higher emotions such as empathy and altruism; motor control and memory.

Back 28

Frontal lobe

Front 29

Integrates sensory information to form a single perception, constructs a spatial coordinate system to represent the world around us, and processes pain.

Back 29

Parietal Lobe

Front 30

Involved in semantics both in speech and vision, auditory sensation, and emotion and memory. Houses the auditory cortex.

Back 30

Temporal Lobe

Front 31

Controls visual sensation and processing. Houses the visual cortex.

Back 31

Occipital Lobe

Front 32

Responsible for the comprehension of speech and the selection of content words.

Back 32

Wernicke's area

Front 33

This neurotransmitter modulates anger, aggression, body temperature, mood, sleep, sexuality, appetite, and metabolism. Low quantities can contribute to anxiety and impulsive behavior.

Back 33

Serotonin

Front 34

This neurotransmitter triggers wakefulness or arousal and, when scarce, can lead to depression.

Back 34

Norepinephrine

Front 35

This neurotransmitter lowers arousal and reduces anxiety through its inhibitory functions.

Back 35

GABA

Front 36

This neurotransmitter is involved with pleasure and love, desire, and voluntary movement and motivation. Drugs that act on it, causing euphoria, tend to be addictive.

Back 36

Dopamine

Front 37

Three types of substances that can act as neurotransmitters.

Back 37

Amino acids
Peptides
Monoamines

Front 38

This excitatory neurotransmitter is involved in arousal and alertness.

Back 38

Epinephrine (aka Adrenalin)

Front 39

This neurotransmitter is involved in arousal, focused attention, energy, and feelings. Can cause agitation and anxiety.

Back 39

Norepinephrine (aka Noradrenalin)

Front 40

Levels of epinephrine in the CNS are only about __% of the levels of norepinephrine.

Back 40

10%

Front 41

If so much serotonin is available throughout the body, why can't the brain use it?

Back 41

Serotonin in the brain is independently synthesized from tryptophan transported across the blood-brain barrier.

Front 42

Of all neurotransmitters, this is the most strongly affected by diet.

Back 42

Serotonin

Front 43

This ANS neurotransmitter slows the heart rate, relaxes the physiological state, stimulates digestion and is also thought to initiate REM sleep when most dreaming occurs.

Back 43

Acetylcholine

Front 44

A recently discovered neurotransmitter that affects pain perception, depression, appetite, short-term memory, and fertility.

Back 44

Anandamide

Front 45

This neurotransmitter is responsible for the narcotic effect of marijuana, which produces a natural high.

Back 45

Anandamide

Front 46

This inhibitory neurotransmitter appears to promotes sleep and suppresses arousal. Caffeine blocks its receptors, leading to alertness.

Back 46

Adenosine

Front 47

This influences the release of hormones from other glands.

Back 47

Pituitary gland