Brain Anatomy And Blood Supply

Front 1

What provides the majority of the blood supply of the meninges in the head?

Back 1

Middle meningeal artery and vein

Front 2

What pathology is this vessel famous for? What layer is it in?

Back 2

epidural hemorrhage in a blow to the temple

Front 3

Show a pic of this vessel

Back 3

Front 4

can you dissect the pia off?

Back 4

no, it's too close

Front 5

Show the secondary vesecles of development. Where do the optic cups come out of? How do you know?

Back 5

optic cups come out of the diencephalon, which is where the hypothalamus is

Front 6

Which of these vesicles will divide into two lateral halves and which will be very thin? How did you deduce this?

Back 6

halves- telencephalon to make lateral ventricles
thin- mesencephalon to make cerebral aqueduct

Front 7

Show the lobes? Which one is really small?

Back 7

Front 8

What do you see if you pry open the sylvian fissure? How do you remember from najeeb?

Back 8

the insula (like a secret lobe)
Najeeb showed this as a place that slow pain fibers go. It was in the groove that was the sylvian fissure.

Front 9

Show a pic.

Back 9

Front 10

What sensation goes here and what purpose does it serve according to dr. white?

Back 10

visceral sensations like taste come here and get processed into the limbic system for memory
(autonomic=visceral to link with najeeb)

Front 11

Show a view of what the diencephalon looks like

Back 11

Front 12

Where is the 3rd ventricle?

Back 12

in between the thalami, so not visible when the thalamus is.

Front 13

What was Dr. Najeeb wrong about in terms of location?

Back 13

The hypothalamus which is below (hypo), not anterior to the thalamus

Front 14

What is that little dot in the thalamus?

Back 14

the interthalamic adhesion

Front 15

Can you see the subthalamus?

Back 15

no, it is too tiny

Front 16

Where does the corpus callosum sit on top? Where does the cingulate gyrus sit on top?

Back 16

corpus callosum on top of the lateral ventricle
cingulate gyrus on top of the corpus callosum

Front 17

Show where the cingulate gyrus is on a real brain.

Back 17

Front 18

Show where the corpus callosum and lateral ventricle is.

Back 18

Front 19

Sorry, I messed up the last pic. What is the bottom part of the "CC" that I mislabeled?

Back 19

the fornix

Front 20

What can you say about the orientation of the LV vs the CC?

Back 20

the frontal horn of the LV extends into the anterior part of the CC

Front 21

What is the uncus? Where is it?

Back 21

the tip of the temporal lobe on the medial view. (very tiny)

Front 22

What does the uncus help you find?

Back 22

the amygdala

Front 23

Is the primary visual cortex on the lateral and medial surface?

Back 23

no, just the medial

Front 24

What are the top and bottom parts of the visual cortex called?

Back 24

top- lingulate gyrus
bottom- cuneate gyrus

Front 25

According to white, is CN 11 really a CN? Why is it called one?

Back 25

No, it is a misnamed spinal nerve that exits with CN 9 and 10 through the jugular foramen.

Front 26

Which are the pur motor nerves and where do they all exit and originate?

Back 26

3, 6, and 12
Originate dorsomedially and exit ventromedially

Front 27

Which are the mixed nerves and where do they all exit and originate?

Back 27

5, 7, 9, and 10
exit ventrolaterally

Front 28

What sits on top of the superior colliculi?

Back 28

Front 29

Show what structures the uncus is lateral to.

Back 29

Front 30

Describe the last pic.

Back 30

The uncus is so medial and low that it is right next to the midbrain and where CN 3 comes out.

The optic chiasm, mamillary bodies, and pituitary gland are very close by too.

Front 31

Why is this pathologically significant in a tumor situation?

Back 31

If you have a lateral tumor pushing the uncus to the middle, you will compress CN3.

Front 32

What sign will you see outwardly from this compression?

Back 32

inability for ipsilateral eye to look medially

Front 33

Which arteries do the internal carotid vs the vertebral arteries come off of?

Back 33

IC- aorta on left, bracheocephalic on right
vertebral- subclavian on both sides

Front 34

Show a pic of the vertebral arteries (red circle) and the IC's (brown)

Back 34

Front 35

What are the striate arteries? What do they supply?

Back 35

a bunch of parralell arteries that supply the diencephalon and BG

Front 36

What do the striate arteries branch off of and at what portion?

Back 36

The three cerebral arteries befor they reach the cortex

Front 37

Name which striate arteries come off of each of the 3 CA's

Back 37

ACA- medial striate arteries
MCA- lenticulostriate arteries
PCA- thalamo-perforating arteries

Front 38

Show the arteries? Which are the only ones outside the circle of willis? Deduce?

Back 38

the lenticulostriate arteries which supply the internal capsule and lentiform which are more lateral structures

Front 39

Remember the spinal arteries? Show them in the SC crossection.

Back 39

Front 40

What artery do the spinal arteries arise from? How do you deduce this?

Back 40

the vertebral arteries at the top of the medulla. This is pretty much the top of the spinal cord.

Front 41

Show how the spinal arteries branch off the vertebral arteries.

Back 41

Front 42

What extra structures does the posterior and anterior spinal arteries supply respectively?

Back 42

anterior- ventral medulla
posterior- lateral medulla

Front 43

Most lobes have ___ blood supplies. Which is the exception?

Back 43

most lobes are supplied by 2 cerebral arteries.
the exception is occipital which has one (but macula is MCA)

Front 44

Show the course of the MCA (lateral surface)

Back 44

Front 45

Show the course of the PCA and ACA (medial surface)

Back 45

Front 46

Name these structures

Back 46

A- MCA
B- ACA
C- Anterior Communicating Artery
D- IC
E- Superior cerebellar artery
F- Basilar Artery
G- PCA
H- Posterior Communicating Artery

Front 47

What is pathological in this pic and why does this show why the circle of willis is advantageous?

Back 47

The PCA is pale and infarcted. So the posterior Communicating Artery expanded and took over the blood supply to the bottom and back cortex areas. (not how big it is)

Front 48

Why is there watershed zones in the brain? What is necessary for a watershed?

Back 48

because you are supplying the brain with two different blood supplies that fuse together.

Front 49

What are the two pairs of blood vessels?

Back 49

internal carotid and vertebral

Front 50

What parts of the brain does each artery supply?

Back 50

carotid- anterior
vertebral- posterior

Front 51

What openings does the vertebral artery pass through?

Back 51

C6-C1 transverse foramina
foramen magnum

Front 52

What is the first anastamosis formed by the arteries?

Back 52

the circle of willis

Front 53

WHat shape is the circle of willis?

Back 53

a hexagon

Front 54

What cerebral arteries does each artery branch into?

Back 54

internal carotid- anterior cerebral artery, MCA
vertebral- PCA

Front 55

Which one of the carotid branches looks like a continuation of it and supplies a lot of stuff and is larger?

Back 55

MCA

Front 56

Imagine and show the direction of the MCA and ACA braching from the carotid.

Back 56

Front 57

Imagine and show the position of the vertebral, basilar, and PCA's.

Back 57

vertebral- go up the ventral medulla
basilar- midline of pons

Front 58

PCA- split off posterolaterally at top of pons

Back 58

Front 59

How many posterior communicating arteries are there? WHat do they connect?

Back 59

2 and they connect the PCA's with the internal carotids
THEY ARE THE ANASTOMOSIS

Front 60

How many anterior communicating arteries are there? WHat do they connect?

Back 60

only a small one
it connects the two ACA

Front 61

What is a very important and prominent artery coming off the vertebral?

Back 61

the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)

Front 62

Show the PICA

Back 62

Front 63

What arteries come off the bottom and top of the basilar artery?

Back 63

bottom- anterior inferior cerebellar artery
top- superior cerebellar artery

Front 64

Where does the superior cerebellar vs the PCA branch off?

Back 64

they both branch off the top of the basilar artery in about the same direction

Front 65

Show these cerebellar arteries

Back 65

Front 66

Which artery covers most of the bottom of the brain? Show it!

Back 66

Front 67

Where do all these cerebral arteries lie in the meninges?

Back 67

underneath the arachnoid.

Front 68

Which CA supplies the primary visual cortex?

Back 68

PCA (it's main claim to fame)

Front 69

What does homunculus mean?

Back 69

little person

Front 70

Which CA supplies the trunk in sensory and motor homunculi?

Back 70

ACA

Front 71

Where is the trunk homunculi in the cortex?

Back 71

the most superior and medial part

Front 72

Show the trunk homunculi.

Back 72

Front 73

Is the sensory homunculus at the same levels as the motor?

Back 73

yes

Front 74

What is the calcarine fissure and why is it geographically significant?

Back 74

a fissure in the occipital lobe significant b/c it has the primary visual cortex on either side of it.

Front 75

Show the PVC and the calcarine fissure

Back 75