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92 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Central Nervous System
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Brain and Spinal cord
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Peripheral Nervous System
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everything outside the spinal cord
input and output pathways |
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Sensory System
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input devices
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Motor system
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output
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Somatic Nervous System
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Controls Skeletal muscle and Voluntary Movements
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Autonomic Nervous System
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Controls Smooth and Cardiac muscle in your organs
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Two Branches of Autonomic Nervous System
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sympathetic
parasympathetic |
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Parasympathetic
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"Resting and Digestion"
Controls Normal body Functions |
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Sympathetic
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Sight of Flight
Body's alert system |
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Two types of cells that make up nervous tissue
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Neuroglia
Neurons |
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Neuoglia
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Glia Cells
Specialized cells that allow nervous system to performs it's normal function |
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4 Types of Glial Cells in CNS
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Microglia
astrocytes ependymal cells oligodendrite |
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ASTROCYTES
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METABOLIC AND STRUCTURAL SUPPORT
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MICROGLIA
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REMOVE DEBRIS
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EPENDYMAL CELLS
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REMOVE DEBRIS
DO THE JOB OF THE EPITHELIAL CELLS |
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OLIGODENDROCYTES
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MAKE LIPID INSULATION CALLED MYALIN
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SCHWANN CELLS
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MAKE MYALIN FOR PNS
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SATELLITE CELLS
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SUPPORT CELLS
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2 TYPES OF GLIAL CELLS IN PNS
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SCHWANN CELLS
SATELLITE CELLS |
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NEURONS
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ALL CONTROL FUNCTIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM CARRIED OUT BY THESE CELLS
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DENDRITES
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RECEIVE INFORMATION FROM OTHER CELLS
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AXON
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GENERATES AND SENDS SIGNALS TO OTHER CELLS
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AXON TERMINAL
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PART OF AXON THAT CONNECTS TO RECEIVING CELL
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SYNAPSE
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COMBINATION OF AXON TERMINAL AND RECEIVING CELL
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DEPOLARIZED
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A CELL THAT IS MORE POSITIVE THAN AT REST
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REPOLARIZATION
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INSIDE OF THE CELL BEFOMES MORE NEGATIVE AGAIN
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HYPERPOLARIZED
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OVERSHOT
BECOMES MORE POLAR THEN WHEN IT IS AT REST |
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REFRACTORY PERIOD
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TIME PREIOD WHEN A CELL CAN NOT ACCEPT ANOTHER STIMULUS
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ACTION POTENTIAL
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sERIES OF PERMEABLE CHANGES INA CELL AND THE RESULT CHANGES OF THE INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL CHARGE
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LOCAL POTENTIAL
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THE SIZE OF THE STIMULUS DETERMINES THE EXCITEMENT OF THE CELL
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WHITE MATTER
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MADE OF AXONS
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GRAY MATTER
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MADE OFCELL BODIES
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NODES OF RANVIER
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BARE SPOTS BETWEEN ADJACENT GLIAL CELLS
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NEUROTRANSMITTERS
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MOLECULE FOUND IN VESICLES IN AXON TERMINAL
SEND A SIGNAL FROM THE NEURON ACCROSS THE SYNAPSE |
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NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION
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A SPECIALIZED CHEMICAL SYNAPSE BETWEEN SOMATIC MOTOR NEURONS AND THE SKELETAL MUSCLE THEY INNERVATE
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ELECTRICAL SYNAPSE
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CELLS THAT DO NOT NEED CHEMICALS TO TRANSMIT INFORMATION
THEY HAVE SPECIAL CONNECTIONS CALLED GAP JUNCTIONS |
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GAP JUNCTIONS
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CONECTIONS IN ELECTRICAL SYNAPSES
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ACETYLCHOLINE
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NEUROTRANSMITTER FOUND IN SKELETAL NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTIONS AND MANY ANS SYNAPSES
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NOREPINEPHRINE
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FOUND IN MANY ANS SYNAPSES
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EPINEPHRINE
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FOUND IN PATHWAYS CONCERNED WITH BEHAVIOR AND MOOD
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SERATONIN
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REGULATE TEMPERATURE SENSORY PERCEPTION, MOOD, ONSET OF SLEEP
CNS ONLY |
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ENDORPHINS
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INHIBIT RELEASE OF SENSORY PAIN NEUROTRANSMITTERS
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HOW MANY SEGMENTS IN THE SPINAL CORD
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31
EACH WITH A PAIR OF SPINAL NERVES |
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SPINAL CORD
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INFORMATION HIGHWAY ENDS AT L2
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MENINGES
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PROTECTIVE MEMBRANES SURROUNDING THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD
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THREE LAYERS OF MENINGES
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DURA MATER
ARACHNOID MATER PIA MATER |
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DURA MATER
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OUTER LAYER OF THICK, FIBROUS TISSUE OF THE MENINGES
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ARACHNOID MATER
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WISPY DELICATE MIDDLE LAYER OF MENINGES
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PIA MATER
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THIRD INNERMOST LAYER OF MENINGES FUES TO THE NEURAL TISSUE
CONTAINS BLOOD VESSELS SERVING THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD |
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EPIDURAL SPACE
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BETWEEN THE DURA AND THE VERTEBRAL COLLUMN FILLED WITH FAT AND BLOOD VESSELS
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SUBDURAL SPACE
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BETWEEN DRUA MATER AND ARACHNOID MATER FILLED WITH A TINY BIT OF FLUID
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SUBARACHNOID SPACE
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BETWEEN ARACHNOID MATER AND PIA MATER
FILLED WITH CSF AND ACTS AS A FLUID CUSHION FOR THE cns |
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FISSURE
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A DEEP GROOVE ON THE CNS SURFACE
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SULCUS
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SHALLOW GROOVE ON THE CNS SURFACE
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WHITE MATTER
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COLLUMNS
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GRAY MATTER
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HORNS
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3 TYPES PF HORNS
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DORSAL
VENTRAL LATERAL |
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DORSAL HORN
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SENSORY FUNCTIONS
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VENTRAL HORN
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MOTOR FUNCTION
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LATERAL HORN
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AUTONOMIC FUNCTION
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THREE ASCENDING PATHWAYS IN THE SPINAL CORD
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DORSAL COLUMN TRACT
SPINOTHALAMIC TRACT SPINOCEREBELLAR TRACT |
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DORSAL COLUMN TRACT
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CARRIES FINE TOUCH AND VIBRATION INFO TO THE CEREBRAL CORTEX
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SPINOTHLAMIC TRACT
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CARRIES TEMPERATURE, PAIN, AND CRUDE TOUCH INFO TO CEREBRAL CORTEX
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SPINOCEREBELLAR TRACT
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CARRIES INFORMATION ABOUT POSTURE AND POSITION TO THE CEREBRAL CORTEX
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CORTICOSPINAL TRACT
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CARRIES INFOR FROM THE BRAIN TO THE MOTOR NEURONS IN THE VERNTRAL HORN OF SPINAL CORD
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CORTICOBULBAR TRACT
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CARRIES ORDERS FROM THE BRAIN TO MOTOR NEURONS IN THE BRAIN STEM
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RETICULOSPINAL TRACT
AND RUBROSPINAL TRACT |
CARRY INFO FROM THE BRAIN TO THE BRAIN STEM AND VENTRAL HORN WHICH HELP COORDINATE MOVEMENT
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COMMISSURES
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GREY AND WHITE, CONNECT THE TWO SIDES OF THE CNS SO RIGHT AND LEFT CAN COMMUNICATE
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SPINAL ROOTS
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PROJECTING FROM BOTH SIDES OF THE SPINAL CORD
FUSE TO FORM SPINAL NERVES |
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DORSAL ROOT GANGLION
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A COLLECTION OF SENSORY NEURONS THAT CARRY SENSORY INFO
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VENTRAL ROOT
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CARRIES MOTOR INFO
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NERVES
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CONNECTION BETWEEN THE CNS AND THE WORLD OUTSIDE THE CNS
PART OF THE PNS |
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SPINAL NERVES
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CARRY BOTH SENSORY AND ,MOTOR INFORMATION
CALLED MIXED NERVES |
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PLEXUSES
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COMPLEX BRANCHING PATTERNS OF THE SPINAL NERVES
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5 SPINAL NERVE PLEXUSES
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CERVICAL
BRACHIAL LUMBAR SACRAL LUMBOSACRAL |
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REFLEXES
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SIMPLEST FORM OF MOTOR OUTPUT
GENERALLY PROTECTIVE |
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CORD CONCUSSION
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A TEMPORARY INTERUPTION OF CORD MEDIATED FUNCTIONS
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CORD CONTUSION
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BRUISING OF THE NEURAL TISSUE THAT RESULTS IN SWELLING AND TEMPORARY LOSS OF CORD MEDIATED FUNCTIONS
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CORD COMPRESSION
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PRESSURE ON THE CORD THAT CAUSES ISCHEMIA
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CORD LACERATION
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TEARING OF THE NEURAL TISSUE BY BONE FRAGMENTS OR SHEARING FORCE
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COMPLETE TRANSECTION
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SEVERING OF THE SPINAL CORD
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INCOMPLETE TRANSECTION
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PART OF SPINAL CORD SEVERED BUT SOME TRACTS ARE SPARED
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CORD HEMORRHAGE
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BLEEDING INTO THE NEURAL TISSUE FROM BLOOD VESSEL DAMAGE FOLLOWING INJURY
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ANTERIOR-CORD SYNDROME
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FROM COMPRESSION OF ANTERIO PART OF SPINAL CORD
CAUSES COMPLETE PARALYSIS AND LOSS OF PAIN AND TEMPERATURE SENSATION |
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CENTRAL CORD SYNDROME
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DISRUPTION OF BLOOD SUPPLY TO THE SPINAL CORD FROM HYPEREXTENSION
CAUSES QUADRIPERESIS THAT IS GREATER IN UPPER EXTREMITIES |
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BROWN SEQUARD SYNDROME
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FROM TRANSECTION OF HALF THE SPINAL CORD
CAUSES SPASTIC PARESIS AND LOSS OF POSITION ON THAT SIDE AND LOSS OF TEMPERATURE AND PAIN ON THE OPPOSITE SIDE. |
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CUADO EQUINA SYNDROME
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RESULTS FROM LUMBAR FRACTUREOF HERNIATED DISCS
CAUSES WEAKNESS AND SENSORY LOSS IN LOWER EXTREMITIES |
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SPINAL SHOCK
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FROM SPINAL CORD INJURY T6 OR ABOVE
LOSS OF REFLEXES AND SENSATION, FLACCID PARALYSIS |
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REFLEX SCALE
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0 NO RESPONSE
+ BELOW NORMAL RESPONSE ++ NORMAL +++ BRISKER THAN NORMAL ++++ HYPERACTIVE |
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PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY
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ENCOMPASSES S NUMBER OF DISORDERS INVOLVING DAMAGE TO PERIPHERAL NERVES
SYMPTOMS: MUSCLE WEAKNESS, DECREASED REFLEXES, NUMBNESS, PARALYSIS, PAIN |
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BOTULISM
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FORM OF PARALYSIS CAUSE BY TOXINS OFTEN FROM FOOD OR WOUND INFECTION
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MENINGITIS
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INFECTION OF THE MENINGES
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