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9 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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Neospora caninum
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Bovine Abortion
Neospora caninum IBD Brucella BVD Leptospira Campylobacter Listeria Mycotic Toxic Neospora caninum Usual time of abortion: 4- 6 months Recurrence: Susceptibility decreases with # of births Know: • Very common cause of abortion in dairy cattle • Calves aborted, stillborn, born paralyzed or infected calves may be born alive, clinically normal, and pass Neospora to their own offspring • No treatment • Lesions in brain, heart, muscle • Try to prevent contamination of feed by dog feces but vertical transmission most important • Causes ascending paralysis in puppies |
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IBR
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Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) - Bovine Herpesvirus 1 - Rednose
Usual time of abortion: 4- 9 months Recurrence: Usually not Know: • Most common viral cause of abortion • Abortions can follow weeks after disease has gone through the herd therefore vaccination in the face of an outbreak will not decrease abortions • Diagnosis by immunologic stain of fetal kidney, adrenals or virus isolation from placenta, serology of dam • Control by vaccination of herd- but modified live vaccines can CAUSE abortions. |
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Brucella Abortus
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Brucella abortus - Bang's Disease (in cattle) - Undulant Fever
Malta Fever (in people) Usual time of abortion: Second half of gestation, usually about 7 months Recurrence: Usually not Know: • Zoonotic, reportable • Causes epididymitis in males • Vaccinate with RB51 • Infected animals shed virus in milk for life • Spread by ingestion of contaminated fetal and placental tissues/fluids, incubation 2-4 weeks • Diagnosis: serum agglutination test Screening: Brucella milk ring test • No treatment • Endemic in some US bison and elkherds, as of 1/07 only 2 states NOT Brucellosis-free • Causes fistulous withers in horses |
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BVD
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Bovine Viral Diarrhea - BVD
Usual time of abortion: up to 4 months Recurrence: Uncommon Know: • Spread by aerosol or contact • Carrier animals are persistently infected (PI) from birth • BVD immunosuppressive: can be a contributing cause in outbreaks due to other agents • Infection of fetus < 125 days can cause absorption, fetal death, mummification, fetal abnormalities, or persistent infection of calf • Infection at gestational age > 125 days can result in abortion or clearing of virus from fetus • Remove PI animals and vaccinate herd |
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Lepto
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Leptospira interrogans (serovars canicola, grippotyphosa, hardjo,
icterohaemorrhagiae, pomona) - Leptospirosis Usual time of abortion: last trimester Recurrence: Remain vulnerable to all serotypes EXCEPT the one causing the abortion Know: • Zoonotic • Most occur in cattle that appear healthy • Twice yearly booster vaccination in high-risk herd • Wildlife or other animals can contaminate water or feed • Cattle main host of L. hardjo • Can be chronic infection spread via vertical or horizontal contamination • Check dam's urine for leptospires; FA test placenta, fetus |
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Campylobac
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Campylobacter fetus fetus - Campylobacter fetus venerealis - Campylobacter
jejuni Usual time of abortion: 5 to 8 months Recurrence: Uncommon Know: • Campylobacter fetus fetus is a major cause of abortion in sheep • C. fetus fetus and C. jejuni spread by ingestion • Often bronchopneumonia in fetus • Dx: Darkfield exam and culture of abomasal contents, culture |
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Listeria
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Listeria monocytogenes – Circling disease
Usual time of abortion: Any stage Recurrence: May recur? Know: • Zoonotic • Outbreaks often associated with spoiled silage • Culture from fetus, placenta |
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Mycotic abortions
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Mycotic Abortion
Usual time of abortion: 4 months to term Recurrence: May recur Know: • Most common in winter • Severe placentitis • Dx: culture fungi from stomach contents o Presence of fungal hyphae in placenta • Avoid moldy feed Toxic causes of abortion: • Ponderosa pine needles, locoweed, moldy sweet clover, and others |
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enterotoxemia
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Enterotoxemia
Organism: Clostridium perfringens type B and C Know: • Young calves, lambs, foals, piglets • Acute, severe, bloody diarrhea • Antibiotic use can predispose • Extensive intestinal hemorrhage with severe mucosal ulceration • Gram-positive rods on smears • High mortality rate • Control by vaccination of pregnant dam in last third of pregnancy |
