Botany Exam

Front 1

biomes

Back 1

terrestrial ecosystems in different parts of the world are so similar that ecologists classify them into larger ecosystems

Front 2

adaptation

Back 2

heritable charcteristic that is passed on genetically to the next generation that allows a particular organism to live in an enviroment

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parasites

Back 3

organisms that obtain energy and nutrients from another living organism, the host

Front 4

ecology

Back 4

the study of the surroundings and enviroment of the plants

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temperate deciduous forests

Back 5

great lakes from south to the gulf of mexico, broad leaved species that shed all their leaves annualy during the fall and remain inactive during the winter

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food chain

Back 6

it connects all of the producers and consumers of an enviroment

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levels

Back 7

such as producer, herbivore, carnivore, and decomposer levels

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autotrophic

Back 8

self feeding-produce own sugar, protiens, vitamins, and amino acids

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chaparral

Back 9

the basque name for the scrub oak

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seed bank

Back 10

the soil contains viable ungerminateed seeds in natural storage

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secondary succession

Back 11

when an ares is disturbed by fire or floods some of the original soil plant and animal material may remain, the pattern of changes that follow is S S

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alkaloids

Back 12

medicines derived from plants, vincristine and vinblastine, come from periwinkle plant

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net productivity

Back 13

energy produced by photosynthesis minus that lost in respiration

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community

Back 14

populations of different species living and interacting in the same location

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ecology

Back 15

the study of organisms in relation to their enviroment

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artificial selection

Back 16

when humans select which type of plant or animal that they want to continue growing

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tundra

Back 17

treeless marshy plain

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scarification

Back 18

germinate only after the seed coat is scratched or cracked or briefly soaked in concentrated acid

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secondary consumers

Back 19

carnivores

Front 20

heterotrophic

Back 20

humans and other animals must obtain food from other organisms and vitamins from other sources

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selection pressures

Back 21

enviromental conditions that are the forces that determine the outcome of natural selection

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producers

Back 22

the organisms of the community that harvest the energy of sunlight and use that energy to assemble carbon dioxide from the air into sugar during photosythesis

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carrying capacity

Back 23

max number of individuals that can survive and reproduce in an ecosystem

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photosynthesis

Back 24

convert light energy into the chemiacal energy of sugar

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levels

Back 25

such as producer, herbivore, carnivore, and decomposer levels

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population

Back 26

group of individuals of the same species sharing the same territory or reproducing with each other

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natural selection

Back 27

individuals best adapted to their enviroment produce the most offspring and pass their desirable genes to the next generation

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gymnosperms

Back 28

plants that are called pines and firs

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enviromental biology

Back 29

how the effects of humans and pollution and water quality etc has affected the enviroment

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herbivores

Back 30

plant eaters, depend on plants for their energy

Front 31

ecosystem

Back 31

populations interacting with one another in a community and their nonliving enviroment

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epicotyl

Back 32

region of embryo above the sttachment point of cotyledons, gives rise to the shoot made up of leaves and stems

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taiga

Back 33

found south of the tundra dominated by conifers

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dormant

Back 34

ebryo is alive but not activley growing

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mutualistic

Back 35

the interaction is mutually beneficial to the organisms involved

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biotechnology

Back 36

way of using organisms to make commercial products

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climax community

Back 37

remain relativly stable until they are disrupted by some sort of disturbance suach as a fire or flood

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consumers

Back 38

herbivores and carnivores, they eat the things in an enviroment

Front 39

biomes

Back 39

terrestrial ecosystems in different parts of the world are so similar that ecologists classify them into larger ecosystems

Front 40

root hairs

Back 40

single celled, cover each root beginning a few millimeters away from its tip

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primary succession

Back 41

those changes occurring on rock lava sand and other areas htat have never been covered by plants

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competition

Back 42

ecological interaction between two organisms to axquire a resource that both need and that is in limited supply

Front 43

lianas

Back 43

woody vines that are rooted in the ground hang from tree branches

Front 44

embryo

Back 44

inner part of each seed, young plant, seed protects the embryo until it can produce it's own sugars

Front 45

grasslands

Back 45

supported huge pop of herbivores, interior of most continents

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carnivores

Back 46

meat eaters, may eat herbivores to obtain energy and building blocks for their bodies

Front 47

succession

Back 47

cumulative change in the biotic and abiotic compoinents of an ecosystem

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cotyledon

Back 48

seed leaf, stores and suppliesnutrients and energy for the embryo

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hydrophytes

Back 49

plants such as water lilies that grow in water and have modifications that adapt them to their aquatic enviroment

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stomata

Back 50

small pores where transpiration occurs

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stump sprouting

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regeneration that allows shrubs to grow quickly after a fire and to produce stems and leaves before other plants have a chance to develop from seeds

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coleorhiza

Back 52

sheathes the radicle, helps the seed germinate and grow,

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epiphytes

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attached to limbs and trunks , plants that are attached to other larger plants, live by their own phototsynthesis

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decomposers

Back 54

depends on dead organisms or their parts to make their living in community, bacteria and fungi

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primary consumers

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herbivores

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angiosperms

Back 56

plants often called evergreens

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permafrost

Back 57

permanently frozen soil beneath the surgave prevents water from drainin deep into the soil

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transpiration

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water loss from a plant through its stem and leaves

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species diversity

Back 59

defined by the number of species and num of individuals per species in an ecosystem

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cell walls

Back 60

made of cellulose, surrounds each plant cell, procides some protection to the cell, and gives the cell shape

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survival of the fittest

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those organisms that are best adapted to their enviroment will go on to live and reproduce

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trophic

Back 62

organisms in community are linked by their use of energy and nutrients, nutrition

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ecologists

Back 63

scientists who investigate processes in an enviroment

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internodes

Back 64

parts of stems between nodes

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stratification

Back 65

seeds of woody plants in temperate climates require a wet period that is followed by several weeks of cold before they germinate

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axillary bud

Back 66

found in the upper juncture between a leaf and the stem

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ecological trade off

Back 67

negative aspect of the characteristic for every positive aspect

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radicle

Back 68

tip of the hypocotyl

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wilt

Back 69

a limp condition caused by insufficient water in the cells

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stem

Back 70

collection of nodes, internodes, axillary buds

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abiotic

Back 71

nonliving factors in an enviroment

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root cap

Back 72

tip of all roots, it is protective, produces mucialge, helps the root as it moves through the soil

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seed coat

Back 73

outer protective layer immediatly surrounding the seed, thin and papery

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biotic

Back 74

living organisms in an enviroment

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cellulose

Back 75

is in the cell wall made by the sugar produced during photosythesis

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habitat

Back 76

the place where an organism lives and grows

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nodes

Back 77

regions where leaves and axillary buds attach to stems

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dicots

Back 78

produce seeds each having two cotyledons, peanut

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seeds

Back 79

produced by the flowering plants

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hypocotyl

Back 80

region below the attachment point

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chlorophyll

Back 81

found in heterotrophic organisms, used in photosythesis

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monocots

Back 82

flowering plants that produce seeds each with only one cotyledon

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ecology

Back 83

investigating an organisms interaction with its enviroment

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limiting factor

Back 84

an envirmental factor that inhibits the growth, reproduction, or behavior of an organism

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apical meristem

Back 85

growing point at the apex of the shoot and above the surface

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coleoptile

Back 86

sheethes the shoot, helps the seed germinate

Front 87

surface area

Back 87

part of a plant in contact with its environment, extended by a plants root hairs

Front 88

endosperm

Back 88

nutritive material found in the sed for the growing seedling