Botany Exam 1 Review

Front 1

______ in taxonomy is very important and useful because plants contained within it contain key characteristics, specific to all plants it holds.

Back 1

Family

Front 2

EU-

Back 2

true

Front 3

PHYLL

Back 3

leaf

Front 4

PHYT

Back 4

plant

Front 5

SPERM

Back 5

seed

Front 6

ANGIO

Back 6

vessel

Front 7

developmentally, plant life cycles become increasingly dominated by the ________ generation. (Concerning alternation of generations)

Back 7

sporophyte

Front 8

Four Characteristics of Kingdom Plantae

Back 8

-Photosynthetic
-Cellulose-rich cell walls
-Multi-cellular
-Terrestrial (<--elaborate)

Hint 8

Apical Growth
Embryos
Spores with tough walls
Alternation of generations

Front 9

What are the five main groups of plants?

S3: What are they characterized by? and name those..

Back 9

-Bryophytes (liverworts, hornworts, and mosses)
-Lycophytes (club mosses)
-Pteridophytes (ferns, horsetails, whisk ferns)
-Gymnosperms (cycads, ginkgo, gnetophytes, conifers)
-Angiosperms (flowering plants)

Hint 9

characterized by major adaptations:
-the first land plants
-the first vascular plants
-the first true leaves
-seed plants
-flowering plants

Front 10

Label

Back 10

Front 11

Another name for regular flowers

Back 11

actinomorphic

Front 12

Another name for irregular flowers

Back 12

zygomorphic

Front 13

What are the 6 main plant families

Back 13

-Lamiaceae
-Asteraceae
-Roseaceae
-Fabaceae
-Polygonaceae
-Brassicaceae

Front 14

Family names begin with a _______ and are not _____ or ______.

Back 14

capital, italicized, underlined

Front 15

Old name for Lamiaceae?

Back 15

Labiatae (Labia = lips)

Front 16

Characteristics of Lamiaceae?

Back 16

-Square stem
-Leaves opposite
-Often aromatic when crushed
-Usually blue, purple, white, or red.

Front 17

Spikes or sometimes dense heads along the stem (Lamiaceae)

Back 17

Inflorescences

Front 18

Fused, tubular with two lips (Lamiaceae)

Back 18

(little crown)

Hint 18

corolla

Front 19

Fused, tubular usually with 5 lobes (Lamiaceae)

Back 19

Calyx

Front 20

The sunflower family? (largest family of flowering plants)

Back 20

Asteraceae

Front 21

Old name for Asteraceae?

Back 21

Compositae (Due to inflorescence)

Front 22

Two difference kind of flowers in Asteraceae?

Back 22

Front 23

What is an involucre?

Back 23

The underside sepal-like bracts that branch out under the inflorescence.

Front 24

All flowers of Asteraceae share a ______.

Back 24

common receptacle

Front 25

(in Asteraceae)
___________ consist of a fused corolla with a strap-shaped extension (looks like a single petal)

Back 25

Ray flowers

Front 26

(In Asteraceae)
_______________ consist of a fused, regular corolla, with 5 petal lips.

Back 26

Disk flowers

Front 27

apples, pears, almonds, peaches, plums, raspberries, etc. are all part of the ______ family.

Back 27

Roseaceae.

Front 28

(Roseaceae)
Regular, ____ number of petals, attached to a _____________.

Back 28

5
Hypanthium

Front 29

What color are Roseaceae usually?

Back 29

Commonly white or pink

Front 30

Roseaceae have many spirally arranged _________.

Back 30

Stamen

Front 31

Describe the leaves of Roseaceae.

Back 31

-Alternate
-Compound or simple
-Margin often serrate

Front 32

Back 32

Front 33

The bean family?

Back 33

Fabaceae

Front 34

Define the fruit of a Fabaceae.

Back 34

Fruit is a pod (bean) from a single carpel with many seeds, splits on two sides..

Front 35

Fabaceae often have __________ shaped flowers

Back 35

butterfly
What's another name for this?

Hint 35

papillonaceous

Front 36

Leaves of Fabaceae? (Simple or compound?)

Back 36

Compound

Front 37

Buckwheat or knotweed family?

Back 37

Polygonaceae

Front 38

Nodes are swollen with a translucent sheathe or ________. (Hint: other name)

Back 38

ocreae

Front 39

Back 39

Ocreae (From family Polygonaceae)

Front 40

Polygonaceae: sepals or petals or both?

Back 40

no petals, but sepals are often colored white or pink.

Hint 40

sepals often surround small fruit so fruit still looks like little flowers.

Front 41

The cabbage/mustard family?

Back 41

Brassicaceae
(Formerly known as?)

Hint 41

Cruciferae (Cross bearing)

Front 42

Describe flowers of a Brassicaceae plant.

Back 42

4 petals, arranged like a cross
4 sepals
6 stamens
2 pistils
Commonly small white or yellow

Front 43

Fruit of Brassicaceae:
Bean-like _________ composed of 2 fused carpels.

Back 43

silique

Front 44

Leaves of a brassicaceae?

Back 44

Usually alternate

Front 45

Common Weeds?

Back 45

Brassicaceae

Front 46

Who discovered the site of photosynthesis in Spirogyra algae? (And How??)

Back 46

Engelmann
observed bacteria congregating near the chloroplasts.

Front 47

Who discovered the action spectra of photosynthesis? (What is it?

Back 47

Engelmann
Photosynthesis occurs at red and blue-violet wavelengths

Front 48

Blackman and Matthaei showed the photosynthesis is a ___-step process.

Back 48

2
_____-dependent and ______-independent.

AND

________-dependent and ______-independent step mediated by enzymes

Hint 48

light, temperature
temperature, light

Front 49

Photosynthesis is a series of ____ and _____ reactions

Back 49

light, dark

Front 50

What led to the discovery that carbohydrate synthesis must be a light-independent process?

Back 50

Chemosynthetic bacteria discovered that can assimilate CO2 without light.

Front 51

Describe van Neil's experiment with purple sulfur bacteria.

Back 51

-bacteria migrated to lowest oxygen region of plate.
-bacteria form dense clusters around spots of light.
-since clusters, they can't produce oxygen or they'd disperse.
-therefore they use H2S not H2O

Front 52

Generalized Photosynthetic formula?

Back 52

Front 53

Photosynthetic formula? (When product is oxygen)

Back 53

Front 54

Who used hemoglobin to bind to oxygen produced by cholorplasts?
What did it show?

Back 54

Hill
-Chloroplasts can produce oxygen in the absence of carbon dioxide by splitting water.

Front 55

Who?
-_______ serves to generate ATP, which is used in dark reactions to fix ______ into carbohydrates.

Back 55

Rubens and Emmerson
-Photolysis, CO2

Front 56

How did Calvin label movement of carbon in photosynthesis?

Back 56

He used a radioactive C14 isotope.

Front 57

Hill and Bendall proposed the Z-scheme. What does it say?

Back 57

Light is used to split water and generate ATP, which then links to the Calvin cycle.

Front 58

Most plant matter is derived from _________.

Back 58

CO2 in the air

Front 59

Z-scheme is a ________ reaction.
Calvin Cycle is a _________ reaction.

(Re: light-in/dependence)

Back 59

-light-dependent
-light-independent