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106 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What is the INAO?
Institut National des Appellations d’Origine

est. 1935 delimit and enforce France’s wine appellation system
What did the INAO become in 2007 and why?
L’Institut National de l’Origine et de la Qualité to bring its appellation system in line with new EU standards in 2009
What will AOC be replaced by in 2011?
Appellation d’Origine Protégée (AOP)

Falls under the PDO EU category
What is PDO?
Protected Designation of Origin

only Vitis vinifera grapes all grapes must be sourced from stated area
What French quality category will be phased out by 2011?
Vin Delimité de Qualité Superieure (VDQS, or AOVDQS) VDQS regions must apply to become either AOP or IGP by 2011
What is VINIFLHOR?
a french government agricultural office, oversees Vin de Pays regulations
What is Vin de Pays now known as?
Indication Géographique Protégée (IGP).

This falls under the EU category of PGI
What is PGI?
Protected Geographic Indication (PGI), wines must be produced from Vitis vinifera vines or hybrids minimum 85% of the grapes must be sourced from the stated area
What are the 3 levels of IGP zones?
regional
departmental
local
What are the 5 regional IGP Zones of France?
Pays d’Oc IGP Languedoc-Roussillon
Val de Loire IGP Loire
Comtés Rhodaniens IGP Northern Rhône Valley Jura Savoie
Méditerranée IGP Southeast France
Comté Tolosan IGP Sud-Ouest
What is the lowest quality level for French wine?
Vin de France (Table Wine)
What is Vin de France?
French Table Wine Both vintage and varietal may now appear on the label acidification and the use of oak chips approved
What are the 3 post 2009 French Wine Classifications?
Appellation d'Origine Protégée (AOP)
Indication Géographique Protégée (IGP)
Vin de France (Table Wine)
What is a négociant?
acted as one type of intermediary, buying fruit or wine in barrel to age in their own cellars before selling the bottled wine
What are courtiers?
brokers of wine and are responsible for the current method of en primeur sales
What is En Primeur ?
the yearly offering of Bordeaux wine as futures
What are Barriques?
225 liter Bordeaux barrel
What is a Tonneau?
large barrel 4 times the size of a barrique
How long do the top château age their red wine in barrique?
2 Years with a large % of which will be new each vintage
How long do the top château age their white wine in barrique?
16 months. Graves uses a % of new oak
What are the 6 red grapes allowed under the Bordeaux AOP?
Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
Cabernet Franc
Petit Verdot
Malbec
Carmènere
What is the most widely planted grape grown in Bordeaux?
Merlot
From 1970-1975, the French government banned new plantings in Bordeaux of which major red grape?
Merlot
What are the 3 main white grapes of Bordeaux AOP?
70% combined Sémillon
Sauvignon Blanc
Sauvignon Gris
Muscadelle
What are the other allowed grapes of Bordeaux AOP?
30% Ugni Blanc, Merlot Blanc & Colombard
What is the subregion of Bordeaux AOP?
Haut-Benauge as of 2011 Côtes de Francs is no longer a subregion
Where is Haut-Benauge located?
above Cadillac opposite Cérons
What is the abv for Bordeaux Rouge AOP?
10.50%
What is the abv for Bordeaux Blanc Sec?
10%
What is the r/s of Bordeaux Blanc Sec?
max 3 g/l
What does Bordeaux Supérieur AOP mean?
.5% higher ABV than Bordeaux AOP
lower rediment de base of Bordeaux AOP 48ha/hl
What is the minimum must weight & residual sugar for Bordeaux Supérieur Blanc AOP?
195 g/l & 17 g/l
What is Bordeaux Rosé AOP?
Rosé wines from Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc Carmenère, Merlot, Cot & Petit Verdot
Name 1 Bordeaux Supérieur Rosé.
Château Lascombes Rosé de Lascombes
How long must Crémant de Bordeaux AOP spend on its lees?
9 months on the lees prior to dégorgement, and may not be released for a min. 12 months after the date of tirage
how many atmospheres of pressure are in Crémant de Bordeaux AOP?
3.5
What are the grapes of Crémant de Bordeaux AOP
70% Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cot, Petit Verdot, Carmenère, Muscadelle,Sémillon & Sauvignon Blanc Sauvignon Gris
What are the Accessory Varieties of Crémant de Bordeaux AOP?
Max. 30% Colombard, Merlot Blanc& Ugni Blanc
How is Merlot related to Merlot Blanc?
Merlot Blanc is a crossing of Merlot X Folle Blanche
What are the grapes of Crémant de Bordeaux AOP "Vin Mousseux Rosé"?
Cabernet Franc
Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
Cot
Petit Verdot
Carmenère
What is the abv of Crémant de Bordeaux AOP?
9% (minimum 11% acquired after secondary fermentation)
What is a Cru Claseé?
An offically classified vinyard in the Médoc and Provence
What is the climate of Bordeaux?
Maritime more continental towards St-Émilion and Pomerol
What is a major challenge of Bordeauxs climate?
Wet spring season & spring frost
What problems can a wet spring season & spring frost bring Bordeaux?
coulure, millerandange, reducing the eventual yield. Bordeaux mixture is used
What is the Bordeaux Mixture?
a mix of lime, copper sulfate, and water is applied throughout the region to avoid fungal problems.
What helps protect Bordeaux against winter freeze and spring frost?
The Altantic and Gironde estuary
What protects the Médoc vineyards from harsh west and northwesterly winds?
Costal pine forests
What does of the Médoc AOP of Bordeaux encompass?
The Médoc AOP encompasses the Haut-Médoc AOP and the more prestigious communal appellations.
TorF.Only red wine is allowed under the Médoc AOP
TRUE
What are the communes of the Médoc AOP?
Médoc
Haut-Médoc
Saint-Estèphe
Pauillac
Saint-Julien
Listrac
Moulis-en-Médoc
Margaux
What is the area above Saint-Estèphe refered to as?
Bas-Médoc
What are a Jalles?
Drainage channels that prevent the Médoc from reverting to swampland
What are croupes?
unearthed gravel mounds located mostly in the Haut-Médoc
What is Cru Artisan?
2005 vintage forward, 44 small producers throughout the Médoc have the right to use the designation, denoting their place as exceptional stewards of the land and craft of winemaking
What is Cru Bourgeois?
An offically designated growth below cru claseé in the Médoc. Classification no longer exists. last classified in 2003
What is the 1855 Classification?
classification ranked the top properties of Bordeaux by price prior to international exposure at the Universal Exposition in Paris
What were the last 9 Cru Bourgeois Exceptionnel of 2003?
Château Chasse-Spleen
Château Haut-Marbuzet
Château Labégorce Zédé
Château Les Ormes de Pez
Château de Pez
Château Phélan-Ségur
Château Potensac
Château Poujeaux
Château Siran
What AOP are Château Poujeaux & Château Chasse-Spleen located?
Moulis-en-Médoc
What commune of Margaux is Château Labégorce Zédé located?
Soussans
What commune of Margaux is Château Siran located?
Labarde
What AOC is Château Potensac located?
Médoc AOC in the commune of Ordonnac in St.Julien
What 4 former Cru Bourgeois Exceptionnel Château are located in Saint-Estèphe?
Château Haut-Marbuzet
Château Les Ormes de Pez
Château de Pez
Château Phélan-Ségur
Where is Château Clark located?
Listrac-Médoc AOP classified as Cru Bourgeois
Where is Chateau Sociando-Mallet located?
is located in the commune of Saint-Seurin-de-Cadourne North of Paulliac in the Haut-Médoc
Of the Bordeaux vintages 1991-1995, which would you expect to be the most expensive on the current market?
1995
Name the only 1855 Médoc classified growth that has disappeared completely from the list.
Château Dubignon 3rd growth
After the phylloxera epidemic, it was absorbed into Château Malescot St. Exupéry, and the estate ceased to exist
during its time considered the smallest cru of all
Which of the following was the best vintage for Bordeaux: 1929, 1930 or 1931?
1929
What is the “Grand Enclos” (also seen as L’Enclos)?
One of 4 parcels that make up Chateau Latour; the Latour Tower is located here and this plot is the source for the Grand Vin of Chateau Latour
In the 80s maceration pelliculaire came to Bordeaux, what is it, who encouraged its use and what was the property where it was first employed?
The technique refers to prefermentation skin contact for white wine only; tests began at Bordeaux University in 1981 by Pierre Dubourdieu and was put into practice with his son Denis in the production of Grand Vin Sec du Château Doisy-Daëne, a 100% Sauvignon Blanc dry wine that had been made since the 50’s (the first dry wine to be produced form the Sauternes area)
Today the 1855 classification has 61 properties, however when it was first instituted how many properties were included?
57 (change due to consolidations, splits and ceasing to produce wine)
What was the first Bordeaux Cru Classe ever to use a screwcap closure?
1993 Chateau Couhins-Lurton (white wine)
What is unique about the St. Julien commune of Saint Sauveur?
There are 16 hectares located here which are entitled to the Pauillac appellation rather than the St. Julien AC
What is “Botryticine”?
A complex polysaccharide formed by the botrytis cinerea fungus, it is an antibiotic which inhibits yeast growth, increases acetic acid and glycerol production during the fermentation of botrytised grapes; (one reason why fermentation of Sauternes is so slow)
In 1994 the bordelaise producers adopted different criteria other than sugar ripeness for harvesting, what was this change?
They started to use the Dupach tannin parameters and found that the optimum time to pick was actually later than they were use to
Which producer in Sauternes is known for holding back the release of his wine for up to 20 years?
Gilette (Crème de Tete)
What is a courtier?
The Bordeaux wine broker, traditionally brings the seller (Chateau) and the merchant (Negociant) together and receives a commission of 2% of the sale for his effort; in 1855 they were responsible for putting the classification together
In 1993 the Saint Emilion Satellite Parsac was absorbed into Montagne-Saint-Emilion; what was the reasoning for this move?
Parsac was already allowed to use the Montagne-Saint Emilion AC and all producers had opted for that, therefore since no one was using the appellation the INAO decided to disband it
What is the Commanderie du Bontemps de Medoc des Graves?
Revived in 1949, it is the wine fraternity (much like the Chevalier du Tastevin of Burgundy) for the left bank; (St. Emilion has its own fraternity) 350 members including Chateau owners, merchants and brokers
What is the “Buttonhole”?
The clay soil ribboned with the crasse de fer on which much the Chateau Petrus sits
The 1855 Classification was a classification of the Gironde not just the Medoc, what Right Bank property was considered for the classification but was deemed to be too small?
Ausone (only 8 tonneaux at the time and is still the smallest of what would be considered First Growths)
In 1969 Chateau Petrus absorbed 5 hectares of a neighboring property, what was the name of that property?
Chateau Gazin
What property disappeared from the 1855 Classification after the phylloxera debacle?
Chateau Dubignon a Third Growth; it was the smallest property to begin with and was unable to replant after phylloxera. Attempts were made to resurrect it but it is now divided between Malescot St.- Exupery, Margaux and Durfort-Vivens
In 1961 the Bordeaux Chamber of Commerce obtained a judicial opinion from the French courts contesting the ability of the INAO to do what?
There was a proposal by the INAO to create a wholesale replacement to the 1855 classification which would consist of only 3 categories adding 13 new properties and deleting 17. The uproar was so great that in 1962 the Minister of Agriculture decided not to follow up on the proposal and it summarily disappeared
Phylloxera reached Bordeaux in 1869 (first seen in France in1863) and the solution was grafting onto American rootstocks. Who is given the credit for making this discovery and what year was it published
Leo Laliman, Bordeaux viticulturalist in 1871
In 1855 only 5 properties were officially designated Chateau, which ones were they?
Lafite, Margaux, Latour, Issan and Beychevelle only
What 2 first growths produce a 3rd wine and what are they called?
Château Latour: Pauillac de Château Latour
Château Margaux: Margaux du Château Margaux
In the Gironde, the Muscadelle grape is being phased out because its high susceptibility to what vineyard malady?
Grey Rot. Very high humidity at the time it starts ripening causes the disease to develop early
What vintage in the 1990's was devastated by spring frost and a what time did it occur in the life cycle of the vine?
1991. Spring frosts during April 20 & 21during the (3)embryonic phase of the vine killing new shoots instantly.
what phase of the growth cycle of the vine were the vineyards in 1956 when frost destroyed vineyards?
(1)Weeping. Spring Frost in February reached 15 degrees below for several days killing vines in their resting period just about awake
Morning mist is welcome in Bordeaux in the areas making sweet wine because it helps the development of what?
Noble Rot
What are the 2 wettest months for Bordeaux?
December & January
What are the 2 driest months for Bordeaux?
July & August
What are the annual sunshine hours for Bordeaux?
2083 hours. June & July receive the most sunshine
What 4 red grapes are virtually extinct in Bordeaux?
Carmènere
Bouchalès
Béquinol
Jurançon Noir
What 3 white grapes are virtually extinct in Bordeaux?
Ondenc
Mauzac
Folle Blanch
What grape was replanted in Saint-Émilion after 50% of its vineyards were destroyed in the 1956 frost?
Merlot
How does Château Mouton-Rothschild ferment their wines?
Their wine is fermented in oak vats (they are one of the last châteaux in the Médoc to use them)
What is the CIVB?
Conseil Interprofessionel de Vins de Bordeaux
est. 1948 to protect & promote the AOP Bordeaux wines
What is the IGP for Bordeaux AOP?
VDP de L'Atlantique
TorF. The Bordeaux AOP & the Gironde département are geographically one in the same.
TRUE
What is the largest département of France?
Gironde
What is the largest AOP in France?
Bordeaux AOP
What is Bordeaux's number 1 best selling generic brand?
Mouton-Cadet
What is the best largest selling brand in terms of quality?
Dourthe No.1
What are the max yields for vin de pays category?
white wines: 90 hl/ha

red and rosé wines: 85 hl/ha