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109 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Identify each of 3 Loose Connective tissue type by sight
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Areolar, Fat, Reticular
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-found in subcutaneous layer (under skin)
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Areolar
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-found anywhere Areolar cells are found
-protects, store energy, insulates |
Fat
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-forms supporting structure, or stroma, or many organs
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Reticular
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Identify each of 3 Dense Connective tissue type by sight. How is this special?
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Dense Regular
Dense Irregular Elastic -these contain more & thicker fibers spread densely among cells |
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-found in tendons & ligaments
-can withstand tension along axis of fiber |
Dense Regular
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-found in sheets underneath the eperdermis (skin)
-can withstand pulling forces |
Dense Irregular
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-found in lungs & elastic arteries
-can recoil after stretching |
Elastic
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Book description of :Areolar connective tissue
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= collagen fiber + elastic fiber + reticular fiber + & several kinds of cells (fibroblasts, macrophages, plasma cell, adipocytes & mast ells) embedded in semifluid ground subsance
-located right under skin, |
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Book description of :Adipose connective tissue
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adipocytes (specialized in storing trilycerides (fats)
-around heart & kidney |
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Book description of :Reticular connective tissue
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= reticular cells + reticular fibers
*reticular means deeper region -stroma (supporting framework) of liver, spleen, lymph nodes, -forms stroma of organs, bind together smooth muscle tissue cells, filters & removes worn-out blood cells in spleen & microbes in lymph nodes |
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Book description of :Dense Regular connective tissue
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= collagen fibers in 'bundles' waves + fibrolasts in rows between bundles
-forms tendons (attach muscle to bone), ligaments (attach bone to bone) (in picture) matrix looks shiny white! -strong attachment between structures |
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Book description of :Dense Irregular connective tissue
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= mostly collagen fibers + (a few) fibroblasts
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Book description of :Elastic connective tissue
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= freely branching elastic fibers + fibroblasts in between fibers
-located in organs that need to be stretched: lung, arteries, trachea, bronchial tubes, vocal cords, penis & vertebrae |
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Use carbonic dioxide & carbonic acid in soln as an example of equilibrium
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see chap 3 ?
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Connective tissue
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-consist of cells & a matrix of ground substance & fibers
-ahs abundant matric w/few cells -has neerve supply (except for cartilage) highly vascular (except for caratilage, tendons & ligaments) -all cells are derived from mesnechymal cells |
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Connective tissue Cell types
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1. fibroblasats
2 plasma cells - secrete antibodies 3 mast cells - produce hstamine 4 adipocytes - store fate 5 white blood cells - migrate from blood in response to infections |
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What makes up the matrix of connective tissue?
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gound substance (which supports & binds cells together, & provide a medium for exchange of materis) + fibers
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Endocrine glands
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-secrete hormones into blood
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Where are pseudostratified (ciliated) columnar epithelium found?
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-lines upper respiratory
-contains goblet cells |
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Where are pseudostratified (non-ciliated) columnar epithelium found?
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-lines ducts of many glands, male urethra
-no goblet cells |
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Where are simple ciliated simple columnar epithelium found?
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-found in parts of upper respiratory tract, where it moves foreign particle strapped in mucus our of hte resp tract
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Where are simple nonciliated simple columnar epithelium found?
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-lines most of GI tract
-specialized cells contain icrovill for absorption -goblet cells secrete mucus |
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Where are simple cuboidal epithelium found?
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-covers ovaries, kidneys, eyes, & lining of some glandular ducts
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What type of cell is Endothelium ?
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Simple squamous
-lines the heart 7 blood vessels |
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Epithelial layers (study outline)
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Epithelium is aranged in sheets & all are attached to a basement membrane. Eepithelial layers czn be simple (1 layer), stgratigied (seeral layers) or psudostraaatified (1 layer that appears to be several) Cell shpes may e squamous (flat), cuboidal (square or cubelike) columnar (rectoangular) or tarnsitional.
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Cell Junctions
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tight junctions form fluid-tight zip-lock seals between cells. Gap junctions allow electrical & chemical signals to pass through.
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Types of tissues & their origins (study outline)
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Tissue = a group of cells that have similar embryological orgin 7 specialized for a specific function. thre are 4 types; epithelial, connctive, muscle & nervous.
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what substances are found in ground substance?
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water + polysaccharides (hylauronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, etc.)
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Collagen fibers
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-are composed of collagen
-are found in large amounts in bone, tendons & ligaments |
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Elastic fibers
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-found in skin, blood vessel walls & lungs
-made of elastin, fibrillin & other glycoprotein |
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Reticular fibers
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- made of collagen + glycoprotein
-found around fat cells, nerve fibers & skeletal & smooth muscle cells |
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The 3 types of fibers found in matrix & their function
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Collagen fibers
Elastic fibers Reticular fibers |
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Where do mature connective tissue come from and what types are there?
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-loose or dense connective tissue, cartilage, bone tissue, blood tissue & lymph
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name 3 loose connective tissue
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Areolar connective, reticular connective & adipose
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what 3 fibers do areolar tissues consists of and where is it found?
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-found underneath the skin, in mucous membrane, around blood vessels, nerves & body organs
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what 3 fibers do reticular tissues consists of and where is it found?
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reticular fibers + reticular cells
-in liver, spleen & lymph nodes |
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what fibers do adipose tissues consists of and where is it found?v
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adipocytes
-found under skin, around organs & yellow bone marrow |
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what tissues do dense connective tissues consists of and where is it found?
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dense regular
dense irregular elastic |
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what tissues do dense regular connective tissues consists of and where is it found?
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= parallel bundles of collagen fibes + fibroblasts
-forms tendons,ligaments aponeuroses |
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what tissues do dense irregular connective tissues consists of and where is it found?
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= randomly arranged collagen fibes + few fibroblasts
-found in fascia, dermis of skn, membrane around organs |
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what tissues do elastic connective tissues consists of and where is it found?
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= branching elastic fibers + fibroblasts
-foundi n large arteries, lungs, trachea & bronchial tubes |
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what tissues do cartilage tissues consists of and where is it found?
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Chondrocytes with a rubbery matrix (chondroitin sulfate) containing collagen & elastic fibers
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what tissues do elastic cartilage consists of and what is it for?
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elastic cartilage maintains shape of organs
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what tissues do bone tissue consists of and where is it found?
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= a matrix of mineral salts + collagen fibers that make bones hard, osteocytes in lacunae
-functions to support, protects, helps movements, stores minerals _ houses blood-forming tissues |
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waht are found in blood tissues and what are its functions?
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= blood plasma _ formed elements (rbc, wbc, patelets)
-function to transport oxygen + carbond dioxide, provide immunity + blood clotting |
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what tissues do epithelical membrane consists of and what're the diff types?
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= a layer overlying a connective tissues
examples: mucuous, serous, cutaneous Mucousse- line cavities that open to exterio, ex: GI tract SErous - line closed caavities 9pleura, pericardium peritoneum) & over the organs in the cavities Synovial membrane - line joint cavities, bursae, tendons shealths - constis of areolar connctive tissue instead of epithelium |
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What does mucous membrane line and what does it consist of?
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Mucus- line cavities that open to exterior, ex: GI tract
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What does serous membrane line and what does it consist of?
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Serous - line closed caavities 9pleura, pericardium peritoneum) & over the organs in the cavities
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What does synovial membrane line and what does it consist of?
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- line joint cavities, bursae, tendons shealths - consists of areolar connctive tissue instead of epithelium
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3 components used to classify connective tissue
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cell, fibers, ground substance
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Connective tissue fibers arranged in bundles & give strength & flexibilty to a tissue
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collagen fibers
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the connective tissue responsible for secretign fibers + ground substance
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fibroblasts
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the membrane lining a body cavity that opens to the exterior
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mucous
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a single layer of flat cells, found where filtration (kidney) or diffusion (lungs) are important
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Simple squamous
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in superficial part of skin, provides protection from heat, microbe & chemicals
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keratinized (stratified squamous = a given!) epithelium
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-cube-shpaed cells, found i n kidney tha funciton in secretion & absoption
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simple cuboidal
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-lines upper respiratory tract & uterine tubes; wave like motion of cilia propel material through the lumen
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Ciliated (simple columnar = always + a given ) epithelium
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-found in urinary bladder, contains cells that can change shape (stretch/relax)
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transitional epithelium
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-found in linings of digestive, reproductive & urinary tracts
-contains cells w/microvilli + goblet cesll, |
nonciliated (simple columnar) epithelium
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what cells can be ciliated or nonciliated?
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simple columnar epithelium
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-contains cells that are all attached to the basement membrane
-some do not reach the surface -those that do secrete mucus or bear cilia at apical surface |
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
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a rare type that has mainly protective function
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stratified cuboidal epithelium
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the tissue/cells from which all other connective tissues come from
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mesenchyme
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connective tissues w/a clear liquid matrix that flows i n lymphatic vessels
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lymph
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connective tissues consisting of several kinds of cells, containing all 3 fiber types randomly arrangd, fundin subcutaneous layer of skin
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Areolar connective tissue
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a loose connective tissues for fat storage
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adipose tissues
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tissue w/irregularly arranged collagen fibers found in dermis of skin
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dense irregular connective tissue
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tissue found in lungs that's strong
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elastic connective tissue
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tissue that afford flexibility at joints & reduces joint friction
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hyaline cartilage
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tissue that provides strength & rigidity & is the strongest of the 3 types of cartilage
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fibrocartilage
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bundle of collagen arranged in parallel patterns, compose tendons & ligament
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dense regular
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tissue that contains reticular fibers & reticular cells & form stroma of certain organs (spleen)
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reticular connective
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tissue that forms internal framework of body
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bone
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connective w/formed elements suspended in a liquid matrix called plasma
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blood
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this cell junction allows epithelial cells in a tissue to communicate; enables nerve/muscle impulse to spread rapidly between cells
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gap junction
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this cell junction prevents organ contents from leaking into blood or surrounding tissues
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tight junction
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function of basement membrane
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supports epithelium
-works as a filter in kidney |
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what's he most numerous connective tissue cells & what's its function?
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fibroblasts (others are elastic, reticular & collagen)
-it secrets the fibers & ground substance of the matrix |
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what ground substance binds cells together, lubricates joints, hels maintain shape of eyeballs.
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hyaluronic acid
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what ground substance provides suport & adhesiveness in cartilage, bone, skin & blood vessels?
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Choindroitin sulfaate
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why do connectve tissues need fibers & what're the 3 types?
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collagen, elastic & reticular
-collagen (colla = glue) -often appears in bundles |
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tell me about the 2nd type of fiber & what it's good for.
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Elastic - smaller than collagen, composed of elastin, abundant in skin, blood vessel walls & lung tissue
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tell me about the rnd type of fiber & what it's good for.
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REticular (reticul = net)
- consists of collagen arranged in fine bundles & glycoprotein coating - much thinner than collagen fibers & form branching networks -provides support like collagen -abundant in reticular connective tissues stroma = bed or covering - of many soft organs (spleen, lymph nodes -also helps form basement membrane |
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another word for mesothelium or the most baic tpye of epithelium?
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simple squamous epithelium
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Latin meaning of words: serous/serosa
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serous = water
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Thsi gives you complete understanding of how things are names: convert simple squamous epithelium to ____________________
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simple squamous epithelium of blood vessels
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what cells line tubes?
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simple squamous & simple cuboidal
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How do you identify Transitional epithelium on picture?
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1) the typically puffy surface cells.
2) many layers of cells |
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What tissue type surrounds a single blood capillary?
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simple squamous epithelium
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What tissue type lines blood vessel?
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simple squamous epithelium
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What tissue type is found at the skin?
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keratinized stratified squamous
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Where do nuclei of simple cuboidal line up: top or bottom?
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on the bottom, or basal edge
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What tissue type surrounds a single blood capillary?
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simple squamous epithelium
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What tissue type lines blood vessel?
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simple squamous epithelium
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What tissue type is found at the skin?
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keratinized stratified squamous
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Where do nuclei of simple cuboidal line up: top or bottom?
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on the bottom, or basal edge
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which one is when the cells don't line up?
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psudostratified ciliated - all bec cells are differnet shapes & the nuclei don't line up?
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do goblet cells always come up to top?
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no
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what's a messy matrix w/mnny different types of fibers loosely arranged?
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Areolar
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a matrix of lots of cells & reticular fibers
-fibrocytes hard to see |
Reticular
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fibers are parallet, fibrocytes scattered
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dense regular
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Randomly arranged collagen fiber,
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dense irregular
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Main difference between loose & dense tissue
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fiber
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Main difference between
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organization
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Name 3 components of connective tissues
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biers, cells, ground substance
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Name 3 fiber types
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collagen, elastic, reticular
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Name cell types
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1) fibroblasts - produce fiber
2) blood ( = rbc + wbc) - is alos a connective tissue -its ground substance is plasma |
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What tissue is lymphoid?
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reticular
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