Bontrager Chapter 8 Self-Test

Front 1

Which vertebral level does the solid spinal cord terminate?

Back 1

Bottom of L1

Front 2

How many segments make up the sacrum in the neonate?

Back 2

5

Front 3

Which divisions of the spine are described as possessing a primary curve?

Back 3

Thoracic
Sacral

Front 4

(T/F)
The lumbar spine possesses a concave posterior spinal curvature.

Back 4

True

Front 5

An abnormal or exaggerated thoracic spinal curvature with increased convexity is called:

Back 5

Kyphosis

Front 6

An abnormal or exaggerated lateral spinal curvature is called:

Back 6

Scoliosis

Front 7

What is the correct term for a 'slipped disk'?

Back 7

HNP

Front 8

Which foramina are created by the superior and inferior vertebral notches?

Back 8

Intervertebral foramina

Front 9

Which joints are found between the superior and inferior articular processes?

Back 9

Zygopophyseal joints

Front 10

What structure makes up the inner aspect of the intervertebral disk?

Back 10

Nucleus pulposus

Front 11

(T/F)
The carotid artery and certain nerves pass through the cervical transverse foramina.

Back 11

False

Front 12

(T/F)
The thoracic spine possesses facets for rib articulations and bifid spinous processes.

Back 12

False

Front 13

The intervertebral foramina of the cervical spine lae at a _____________________ degree angle to the midsagittal plane.

Back 13

45

Front 14

Which ligament holds the dens against the anterior arch of C1?

Back 14

Transverse atlantal ligament

Front 15

The two partial facets found on the thoracic vertebrae are called?

Back 15

Demifacets

Front 16

Which thoracic vertebrae do NOT possess a facet for the costotransverse joint?

Back 16

T11
T12

Front 17

Name 2 distinctive features of the cervical vertebrae.

Back 17

Bifid spinous processes
Small spinous processes

Front 18

What is one feature of all thoracic vertebra that makes them unique?

Back 18

Rib facets

Front 19

Which position of the thoracic spine best demonstrates the intervertebral foramina?

Back 19

Oblique

Front 20

At what level is the vertebra prominens?

Back 20

C7-T1

Front 21

At what level is the jugular notch?

Back 21

T2-T3

Front 22

At what level is the gonion?

Back 22

C3

Front 23

At what level is the sternal angle?

Back 23

T4-T5

Front 24

At what level is the thyroid cartilage?

Back 24

C4-C6

Front 25

What imaging modality is normally NOT used to rule out herniated nucleus pulposus?

Back 25

NM

Front 26

An avulsion fraction of the spinous processes of C6-T1 us called:

Back 26

Clay Shoveler's Fracture

Front 27

Scheuermann disease is a form of:

Back 27

Scoliosis & Kyphosis

Front 28

(T/F)
HNP most frequently occurs at the L2-L3 level.

Back 28

False
L5-S1

Front 29

Which projection of the cervical spine demonstrates the left intervertebral foramen?

Back 29

LAO

Front 30

How much and in which direction is the CR angled for an AP axial of the C-spine?

Back 30

15-20 degrees cephalad

Front 31

How much and in which direction is the CR angled for an anterior oblique of the C-spine?

Back 31

15 degrees cephalad

Front 32

How much and in which direction is the CR angled for a posterior oblique projection of the cervical spine?

Back 32

15 degrees cephalad

Front 33

In addition to using a long SID, name 2 positioning techniques to lower the shoulders for a lateral projection of the spine.

Back 33

Take image during suspended exhalation
Have patient hold weights in hands

Front 34

Which position demonstrates the lower cervical and upper thoracic spine in lateral perspective?

Back 34

Swimmer's position
(Lateral cervicothoracic)

Front 35

Name 2 positions that will project the dens in the center of the foramen magnum.

Back 35

AP (Fuch's)
PA (Judd)

Front 36

Situation:
A lateral cervical spine radiograph demonstrates that the zygapophyseal joint spaces are not superimposed. What is the positioning error?

Back 36

Tilt or rotation of the spine

Front 37

Situation:
A radiograph of the lateral thoracic spine reveals that the intervertebral foramina and intervertebral joint spaces are not clearly demonstrated. What is the positioning error?

Back 37

Spine not parallel to the IR or CR not perpendicular to the spine

Front 38

Situation:
A patient who was involved in a motor vehicle accident 3 days ago is experiencing severe neck pain. The patient is not wearing a cervical collar. Is a horizontal beam lateral projection required first, prior to a C-spine series?

Back 38

Yes, must rule out fracture

Front 39

Situation:
A patient with a possible Jefferson fracture enters the ER. What projections should be taken to best visualize this fracture?

Back 39

AP open-mouth

Front 40

Situation:
A radiograph of an AP open-mouth projection of the cervical spine demonstrates the upper incisors superimposed over the top of the dens. What is the positioning error?

Back 40

Excessive flexion of head

Front 41

Situation:
A patient comes to the RD for a follow up study of a clay shoveler's fracture. Which projections best demonstrate this fracture?

Back 41

AP & Lat spine

Front 42

Situation:
A patient comes to the RD for a follow-up study after a spinal fusion of the C-spine. What projections can be taken to assess mobility of the spine?

Back 42

Hyperextension & hyperflexion

Front 43

Which imaging modality is recommended for a teardrop burst fracture?

Back 43

CT