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49 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What forms most of the vertebral arch?
Pedicles
What travels through the vertebral foramen?
Spinal cord
What are the components of the typical vertebra?
Two pedicles
Two lamanae
Two transverse processes
One spinal process
Vertebral body
How many articular processes are found in the typical vertebra?
4
Two superior
Two inferior
What type of joints are the intervertebral body joints?
Amphiarthroidal
What separates the intervertebral bodies
Disks
Where are the facet joints?
The joints of the superior and inferior articular processes
Also called the zygapophyseal joints
What forms the intervertebral disks?
Outer fibrous tissue - annulus fibrosus
Soft, gelatinous center - nucleus pulposus
Which vertebra have bifid spinous processes?
Cervical
The vertebra prominens is at:
C7
Which vertebra has no body?
C1
Which vertebra has the odontoid process?
C2
How can T1 be located on an x-ray
First rib is attached
What are the indications for an open-mouth projection of C1-C2?
Fractures of C1 and C2
Odontoid fractures
Jefferson fracture - burst fracture of C1
What is the head position of an open-mouth projection?
Mouth wide open
CR perpendicular to IR at level of upper incisors
What is the CR angle AP axial projection of the cervical spine?
15 - 20 degrees cephalad
Where is the CR directed for an AP axial projection of the cervical spine?
Lower margin of thyroid cartilage (C4)
What are the respiratory patient instructions during an AP axial projection of the cervical spine.
Suspend respiration
What are the indications for oblique views of the cervical spine?
Pathology of the cervical spine
Stenosis of the intervertebral foramen
Why are anterior oblique positions preferred over posterior oblique positions when imaging the cervical spine?
Reduced thyroid dose
What is the body and head rotation for an oblique view of the c-spine?
45 degrees
Chin protracted
What is the CR position for an oblique c-spine image?
Level at upper margin of thyroid cartilage
15 degrees caudad for AO
15 degrees cephalad for PO
What are the indications for a lateral view of the c-spine?
Pathology of the c-spine
Arthritis and spondylosis
What is the patient position for a lateral image of the c-spine?
Patient lateral and asked to drop shoulders down and forward with chin protracted
What is the CR position for a lateral image of the c-spine?
Perpendicular to IR
Upper border just above ears
Center CR to upper margin of thyroid cartilage (C4)
What is a clay shoveler's fracture
Fracture of the spinous process of the lower cervical or upper thoracic vertebra
What is a hangman's fracture?
Fracture of the pedicles of C2
What are the indications for a lateral position, horizontal beam c-spine image?
Usually done in trauma patients
Done for clay shoveler's fracture, compression fracture, hangman's fracture, odontoid fracture, teardrop burst fracture and subluxation
What should be done with the cervical collar during a horizontal beam cervical spine?
Must be left on
What is the patient position for a horizontal beam c-spine image?
Patient supine
Do not move neck
Depress shoulders
What is the CR position for a horizontal beam c-spine image?
Centered at C4 level (upper border of thyroid cartilage)
Beam 1 - 2 inches above table
What IR is used for a horizontal beam c-spine image?
18 x 24 lengthwise - no grid
What are the respiratory instructions for a horizontal beam c-spine image?
Suspend respiration in full exhalation
What are the indications for a Swimmers c-spine image?
Pathology of the inferior cervical and upper thoracic vertebra
What is the patient position for a cervicothoracic (swimmer's) lateral c-spine image?
Patient's arm near IR up and resting on head
Patient at 90 degrees to IR
Also called the Twining method
What is the CR position for a cervicothoracic (swimmer's) lateral c-spine image?
Perpendicular to IR
Level of T1 ( 1" above jugular notch)
What are the respiratory instructions for a cervicothoracic (swimmer's) lateral c-spine image?
Suspend respiration in full exhalation
What are the indications for lateral hyperextension and hyperflexion c-spine images?
Demonstrate vertebral mobility
What is the patient position for lateral hyperextension and hyperflexion c-spine images?
Full lateral
Shoulders depressed
Hyperflexion - chin to chest
Hyperextension - chin elevated to maximum possible
What is the CR for lateral hyperextension and hyperflexion c-spine images?
Horizontal at level of upper thyroid cartilage (C4)
What are the respiratory instructions for lateral hyperextension and hyperflexion c-spine images?
Suspend respiration in full exhalation
What are the indications for AP or PA projection of C1- C2?
Pathology of the dens and bony structures of the C1 ring
What is the patient position for AP or PA projection of C1- C2?
AP (Fuchs Method) - patient supine, chin elevated, CR angled parallel to mental line
PA (Judd Method) - patient prone, neck extended, CR parallel to mental line 1" inferior to mastoid tip
Suspend respiration for either image
What are the indications for the 'Wagging Jaw" view?
Pathology of the dens and C1
Also called the Ottonello Method
How is the patient positioned for the 'Wagging Jaw" view?
Supine
Patient opening and closing mouth continuously
Low mA with long exposure
How is the CR directed for the 'Wagging Jaw" view?
Perpendicular to IR at C4
Respiration suspended
What are the indications for an AP axial projection of the c-spine?
Pathology of the posterior vertebral arch of C4 - C7
What is the patient position for an AP axial projection of the c-spine?
Supine, arms at side
What is the CR angle for an AP axial projection of the c-spine?
20 - 30 caudad
At lower margin of thyroid cartilage (C5)
Suspend respiration