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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Which vertebrae are the largest
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Lumbar
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List the vertebrae
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Cervical - 7
Thoracic - 12 Lumbar - 5 Sacrum - (5) but fused Coccyx |
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Which vertebrae are the strongest and can support the most weight?
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Lumbar
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Which of the lumbar vertebrae is the largest?
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L5
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Anatomically, where are the lumbar spinous processes located?
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At the level of the intervertebral disks
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At what angle is the intervertebral foramen as compared to the midsagittal line?
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90 degrees
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Where are the intervertebral foramen located?
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Between the pedicles when the vertebrae are stacked
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What borders the intervertebral foramen inferiorly?
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The superior vertebral notch of the vertebra below the nerve
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What borders the intervertebral foramen superiorly?
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The inferior vertebral notch of the vertebra above the nerve
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How many intervertebral foramina exist between every two vertebrae?
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2
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What view best demonstrates the lumbar intervertebral foramina?
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Lateral
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How many articular processes does the typical possess?
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4
2 - superior 2 - inferior |
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What is another term for the zygapophyseal joint?
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Facet joint
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What is the angle of the zygapophyseal joint relative to the midsagittal line?
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30 - 50 degrees
Upper lumbar - 50 degrees Lower lumbar - 30 degrees |
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What patient position is used to best visualize the zygapophyseal joints?
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45 degree oblique
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What forms the bridge between the transverse processes?
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Lamina
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The portion separating the superior and inferior articular processes is called:
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Pars interarticularis
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What view best demonstrates the pars interarticularis?
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Oblique
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What is the shape of the sacrum?
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Shovel shaped
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Where is the apex of the sacrum?
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Most inferior (caudad) portion
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How many intervertebral foramina are in the sacrum?
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8
4 on each side |
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What passes through the intervertebral foramina of the sacrum?
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Nerves and blood vessels
Just as with other vertebrae |
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What type of joint is the superior articular process of the sacrum?
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Zygapophyseal
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What does the superior articular process of the sacrum articulate with?
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Inferior articular process of L5
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The large masses of bone lateral to the first sacral segment are called:
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Alae
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What determines how the central ray is angled for AP projections of the sacrum and coccyx?
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Convex curve of the sacrum
Forward projection of the coccyx |
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The anterior ridge of the body of the first sacral segment is called:
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Promonitory
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What patient position best visualizes the promonitory?
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Lateral
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The continuation of the vertebral canal in the sacrum is called:
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Sacral canal
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The fused spinous processes of the sacrum are called:
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Median sacral crest
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Where does the sacrum articulate with the pelvis?
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Auricular surface
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What joint is formed by the pelvis and sacrum?
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Sacroiliac joint
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The most inferior articular processes of the sacrum are called:
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Sacral horns or cornu
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How is the sacroiliac joint positioned?
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The joint opens obliquely posteriorly at 30 degrees
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What is the name of the most distal portion of the vertebral column?
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Coccyx
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How many segments are present in the adult coccyx?
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3-5
Average 4 |
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What is the most inferior portion of the coccyx called?
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Apex
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What is the most superior portion of the coccyx called?
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Base
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Where are the transverse processes located in the coccyx?
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Only on the first segment
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How is the long axis of the sacrum angled?
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Posteriorly
More posterior in women |
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How is the CR angled for an AP of the sacrum?
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Cephalad to compensate for the posterior angle of the sacrum
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In which direction does the coccyx curve?
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Anteriorly
More pronounced in men |
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Who is more likely to fracture the coccyx, men or women?
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Women, because of the more vertical orientation
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What are the components of the 'Scottie Dog' in the oblique view of the lumbar vertebra?
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Neck - pars interarticularis
Ear - superior articular process Eye - pedicle Nose and tail - transverse processes Front legs - inferior articular process |
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What 2 types of joints are present in the lumbar vertebrae?
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Zygapophyseal
Amphiarthroidal (cartilagenous) - disks |
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Why is the anterior oblique position sometimes used to image the zygapophyseal joints?
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Less patient pain
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What oblique angle is used for the upper lumbar vertebrae?
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50 degrees
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What oblique angle is used for the lower lumbar vertebrae?
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30 degrees
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The lower costal margin corresponds with which vertebral level?
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L2-3
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When doing lumbar, sacral, coccygeal images, what is required on all male patients?
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Gonadal shielding
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