Bontrager 12 Upper Gi System

Front 1

Deglutition

Back 1

Swallowing

Front 2

The head of the pancreas is located where?

Back 2

In the C-Loop of the duodenum

Front 3

What are the 2 forces that move food down the esophagus?

Back 3

Peristalsis and gravity

Front 4

What part of the stomach is attached to the duodenum?

Back 4

Pylorus

Front 5

What is the opening between the stomach and the esophagus?

Back 5

Esophagogastric junction or the gastroesophageal junction

Front 6

What is the Direction of barium movement in stomach when patient is prone?

Back 6

Into the body of the pylorus

Front 7

Name the 3 parts of the stomach

Back 7

Fundus, body, pylorus

Front 8

Name the outer and lateral border of the stomach

Back 8

Greater curvature

Front 9

Mucosal folds of the stomach are called

Back 9

Rugae

Front 10

Food mixed with gastric secretions in the stomach are called

Back 10

Chyme

Front 11

What body type would have a high transverse stomach?

Back 11

Hypersthenic

Front 12

What classification is barium as a contrast agent?

Back 12

Radiopaque (positive) contrast media

Front 13

(T/F)
Swallowing air can act as a negative contrast medium

Back 13

True

Front 14

What amount of lead equivalent is required in protective aprons?

Back 14

0.5 mm

Front 15

What is a bezoar

Back 15

A mass of undigestable material in the upper GI tract, usually the stomach

Front 16

What are the pre-procedure requirements for an esophagogram?

Back 16

None

Front 17

The initial patient position for an esophagogram is

Back 17

Erect

Front 18

Name 3 tests for GE reflux

Back 18

Water test
Toe touch maneuver
Compression technique

Front 19

What are the pre-procedure requirements for an upper GI series?

Back 19

NPO for 8 hours

Front 20

What is the KVP range for an UGI series?

Back 20

100 - 125 kVp

Front 21

At what vertebral level should the CR be centered for an esophagogram?

Back 21

T5 - T6

Front 22

How many degrees is the patient placed for an RAO position esophagogram?

Back 22

35 - 40 degrees

Front 23

Why is RAO preferred over LAO when imaging the esophagus?

Back 23

Improved visibility of esophagus between vertebrae and heart

Front 24

What breathing instructions do you give the patient when imaging the esophagus with barium contrast?

Back 24

Slow shallow breaths with continuous swallowing

Front 25

Where is the CR centered for an RAO UGI in a sthenic patient?

Back 25

L2

Front 26

What patient maneuvers help keep barium in the esophagus?

Back 26

Continued swallowing of barium during the exam

Front 27

What 3 areas are best demonstrated with a UGI?

Back 27

Distal esophagus
Stomach
Duodenum

Front 28

Name 2 contraindications to a UGI

Back 28

Perforation
Contrast allergy

Front 29

What is the best method of protecting the tech from radiation exposure?

Back 29

Distance
Shielding

Front 30

What position is the patient in if most of the barium in the stomach is in the fundus?

Back 30

Supine

Front 31

What position is the patient in if most of the barium is in the body?

Back 31

Prone

Front 32

What position is the patient in if the barium drops to the inferior portion of the stomach and air is filling the fundus?

Back 32

Erect

Front 33

Where is the angular notch?

Back 33

Lesser curvature

Front 34

Define peristalsis

Back 34

Wave-like contractions that propel food in the GI tract

Front 35

Name the 3 salivary glands

Back 35

Sublingual
Submandibular
Parotid

Front 36

Define cholelithiasis

Back 36

Gallstones

Front 37

What are the 5 basic UGI views?

Back 37

RAO
LPO
PA
Right lateral
AP

Front 38

What are the 3 views of the esophagogram?

Back 38

RAO
Oblique
AP
Lateral

Front 39

What areas of the GI tract are studied with an esophagogram?

Back 39

Pharynx
Esophagus

Front 40

What position is used when additional views of the esophagus are needed?

Back 40

Swimmer's view

Front 41

What is cholecystikinin and where is it produced?

Back 41

Cholecystokinin causes contraction of the gallbladder, delivering bile to the duodenum
It is produced by the duodenal mucosa

Front 42

Chole is the medical prefix for

Back 42

Bile

Front 43

What is the name of the radiographic examination of the bile ducts?

Back 43

Cholangiography

Front 44

What is the name of the dilated portion of the distal esophagus?

Back 44

Cardiac Antrum

Front 45

What is the ideal contrast media for viewing diverticulum within the stomach?

Back 45

Double-contrast
(Barium negative contrast)

Front 46

What device most reduces gonadal radiation exposure during UGI?

Back 46

Bucky-Slot cover

Front 47

What projection will image the majority of the esophagus over the spine

Back 47

AP supine

Front 48

How many lobes comprise the liver?
Name the lobes

Back 48

4:
Caudate
Left
Right
Quadrate

Front 49

Name the 3 functions of the gallbladder

Back 49

Store bile
Concentrate bile
Contract to deliver bile to the duodenum

Front 50

A abdominal radiograph demonstrates elongation of the left iliac wing and narrowing of the right iliac wing. How is this patient malpositioned?

Back 50

Rotated to the left

Front 51

Which abdominal organ is not considered part of the digestive tract?

Back 51

Kidneys

Front 52

What part of the duodenum contains the duodenal bulb or cap?

Back 52

First, superior part

Front 53

Which patient position will not likely reveal esophageal reflux?

Back 53

Reverse trendelenberg

Front 54

Name an alternative imaging modality to an esophagogram, which will detect esophageal varices

Back 54

Sonography

Front 55

The best imaging technique for demonstrating Barrett's esophagus is

Back 55

Nuclear medicine study

Front 56

What is the best procedure to demonstrate gastric ulcer disease?

Back 56

Double-contrast UGI series

Front 57

Where is the liver located in the abdomen?

Back 57

Right upper quadrant

Front 58

What ligament separates the right and left lobes of the liver?

Back 58

Falciform ligament

Front 59

What major blood vessel contours over the caudate lobe of the liver?

Back 59

Inferior vena cava

Front 60

How much bile is made by the adult daily?

Back 60

A liter

Front 61

What 2 ducts combine to form the common hepatic duct?

Back 61

Right and left hepatic ducts

Front 62

What 2 ducts combine to form the common bile duct?

Back 62

Common hepatic duct and the cystic duct

Front 63

The common bile duct empties into the

Back 63

Duodenum

Front 64

In the duodenum, the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct combine at the

Back 64

Ampulla of Vater or
Hepatopancreatic ampulla

Front 65

The sphincter of the ampulla of Vater is called

Back 65

Sphincter of Oddi

Front 66

What are the advantages of sonography over the oral cholecystogram (OCH) in evaluating gallbladder disease?

Back 66

No ionizing radiation
Detection of smaller calculi
No contrast medium
Less patient preparation

Front 67

What are the components of the alimentary canal

Back 67

Oral cavity
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Anus

Front 68

What are the 4 accessory organs of the GI tract?

Back 68

Salivary glands
Pancreas
Liver
Gallbladder

Front 69

Name the 3 parts of the pharynx

Back 69

Nasopharynx
Oropharnyx
Laryngopharynx

Front 70

What is mastication?

Back 70

Chewing

Front 71

At what vertebral level does the esophagus begin?

Back 71

C5 - C6 at the level of the cricoid

Front 72

At what vertebral level does the esophagus end?

Back 72

T11

Front 73

What causes the 2 indentations of the esophagus seen in the mediastinum?

Back 73

Aortic arch
Left mainstem (primary) bronchus

Front 74

What structures pass through the diaphragm?

Back 74

Aorta
Inferior vena cava
Esophagus

Front 75

Radiographically, the body of the stomach is separated from the pylorus by the

Back 75

Angular notch

Front 76

(T/F)
Most of the pancreas and duodenum are located in the retroperitoneum

Back 76

True

Front 77

Name the 4 parts of the duodenum

Back 77

Superior (first) portion - location of the bulb or cap
Descending (second) portion - ampulla of Vater
Horizontal (third) portion
Ascending (fourth) portion

Front 78

Name the 6 classes of substances ingested

Back 78

Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Vitamins
Minerals
Water

Front 79

Name the 3 primary functions of the digestive system

Back 79

Ingestion (digestion)
Absorption
Excretion (elimination)

Front 80

Name and describe the 4 body types

Back 80

Hypersthenic - obese (5%)
Sthenic - average (50%)
Hyposthenic - slender (35%)
Asthenic - very slender (10%)

Front 81

What is the effect of body type on the position of the gallbladder and stomach?

Back 81

The larger the patient, the more transverse and inferior the gallbladder and stomach

Front 82

Why must contrast be used to visualized the gastrointestinal tract?

Back 82

Most of the GI tract is of similar density to their surround tissue

Front 83

What are the similarities of imaging of different parts of the GI tract?

Back 83

Contrast required
Fluoroscopy routinely used
Images recorded both before and after fluoroscopy

Front 84

What techniques can be used to produce negative contrast in the GI tract?

Back 84

Swallowing of air
Use of gas-producing chemicals such as calcium carbonate

Front 85

(T/F)
Barium sulfate contrast is a solution

Back 85

False - a suspension

Front 86

If the patient has a contraindication to barium sulfate, what else can be used?

Back 86

Water soluble contrast (don't use with iodine allergy)

Front 87

Describe achalasia

Back 87

Insufficient and abnormal peristalsis in the distal esophagus with GE sphincter spasm - sometimes called cardiospasm

Front 88

What is a Zenker's diverticulum

Back 88

Outpouching of the proximal esophagus

Front 89

How should the CR be centered for UG series

Back 89

Sthentic - at L1
Asthenic - 2" below L1
Hypersthenic - 2" above L1