Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Osteology |
the study of bone |
|
Skeletal system |
cartilage, bones, and ligaments
|
|
Cartilage |
forerunner of most bonesl covers joint surfaces
|
|
Ligaments |
bone to bone
|
|
Tendons |
muscle to bone
|
|
Functions of the skeleton |
support, protection, movement, electrolyte blance, acid-base balance, blood formation
|
|
General features of long bone |
disphysis, epiphyses, medullary cavity, compact (dense) bone, spongy (cancellous) bone, articular cartilage, nutrient foramina, periosteum, endosteum, epiphyseal plate, epiphyseal line
|
|
Disphysis |
•(shaft)—cylinder of compact bone |
|
Epiphyses |
•enlargedends of a long bone–Joint strength &ligament/tendon attachment |
|
Medullary cavity |
marrow cavity |
|
Compact (dense) bone |
outer shell
|
|
Spongy (cancellous) bone |
•inends of long bones, and middle of nearly all others |
|
Articular cartilage
|
on joint surfaces |
|
Nutrient foramina |
minute holes that serve as passageways for BVs and nerves
|
|
Periosteum |
external sheath of tough connective tissue that surrounds the bone
|
|
Endosteum |
think layer of CT lining marrow cavity
|
|
Epiphyseal plate |
growth plate, area of hyaline cartilage that seperates the marrow spaces of the epiphysis and diaphysis: enables growth in length
|
|
Epiphyseal line |
in adults; a bony scar where epiphyseal plate once was
|
|
Bone is what type of tissue? |
osseous tissue--CT-- specialized cells with a gardened matrix (fibers +minerals)
|
|
Mineralization |
Bone starts out soft and than mineralization/calcification is the hardening of bone
|
|
Matrix of bone is made out of |
soft-organic matter (collagen fibers for flexibility) and inorganic salts (calcium phosphate for hardness) |
|
Bone as organ |
2 or more tissue types=organ--> Bone has bone, cartilage, BV, fat, and nervous tissue
|
|
Bone cells |
Osteogenic cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts
|
|
Osteogenic cells |
stem cells, multiply continually to make osteoblasts
|
|
Osteoblasts |
bone-forming cells; make soft organic matter of matrix which then hardens by mineral deposition
|
|
Osteocytes |
former osteoblasts that have become trapped in the matrix they have deposited: when stressed, produce biochemical signals that regulate bone remodeling
|
|
Osteoclasts |
bone-dissolving cells found on the bone surfacel unusually large cells formed from the fusion of several stem cells
|