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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
A layer of dense connective tissue - acts like a girdle to resist outward expansion when the cartilage is compressed - (around the cartilage)
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Perichondrium
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-Most abundant skeletal cartilage
-provides support, flexibility and resilience |
Hyaline
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Type of hyaline cartilage
-covers the ends of most bones at moveable joints |
Articular
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Connects ribs to the sternum
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Costal
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forms the skeleton of the larynx and reinforces other respiratory passageways
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Respiratory
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Supports the external nose
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Nasal Cartilage
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Similar to hyaline but contains elastic fibers
-found in ear and epiglotis |
Elastic Cartilage
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Highly compressed with great tensile strength
-Contains collagen fibers -found in menisci of the knee and in intervertebral disc between two pelvic bones |
Fibrocartilage
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Cells in the perichondrium secrete matrix against the external face of existing cartilage
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Appositional
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Lacunae-bound chondrocytes inside the cartilage divide and secrete new matrix, expanding the cartilage from within
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Interstitial
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Bones of the skull, vertebral column and rib cage
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Axial Skeleton
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Bones of the upper and lower limbs, shoulder and hip
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Appendicular Skeleton
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Considerably longer than wide
Has a shaft plus two ends All limb bones except patella, wrist, and ankle bone are these. |
Long bones
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These are roughly cube shaped. Examples are wrist and ankles
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Short bones
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Thin, flattened and usually a bit curved. The sternum, scapulae, ribs and most skull bones are these.
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Flat bones
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Heve complicated shapes that fit no other classes. Examples: vertebrae and hip bones
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Irrregular bones
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List 5 functions of bones
(Sam, Patty, Maggie, Mary, Barbara) |
Support, Protection, Movement, Mineral Storage, Blood cell formation
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Bulges, depressions, and holes serve as - sited of attachment for muscles, ligaments and tendons - joint surfaces - conduits for blood vessels and nerves
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Bone Markings
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Sites of muscle and ligament attachment
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Projections
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Muscle and ligament projections : (Tim calls Tom late to eat savory pizza)
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Tuberosity - rounded projection
Crest- narrow prominet ridge Trochanter-large, blunt irregular surface Line - narrow ridge of bone Tubercle - small rounded projection Epicondyle- raised area above a condyle Spine- sharp, slender projection Process-any bony prominence |
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Projections that help to form joints ( Harry faces Cathy's rage.)
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Head - bony expans. on
narrow neck Facet - smooth, nearly flat articular surface Condyle-rounded articular projec. Ramus - armlike bar of bone |
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Depressions and openings
(Mary sells fake gadgets for Freddy) |
Meatus- canal-like passageway
Sinus-cavity within a bone Fossa- shallow, basinlike depression Groove - furrow Fissure -narrow, slitlike opening Foramen - round or oval opening through a bone |
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Dense outer layer looks smooth and solid to naked eye.
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Compact Bone
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A honeycomb of small needle-like or flat pieces called trabeculae (little beams)
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Spongy Bone
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Marrow cavity - Contains fat (yellow marrow) Called yellow bone marrow cavity
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Medullary Cavity
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Tough sheath of dense irregular connective tissue around the outer surface of the bone
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Periosteum
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Lay down the ground substance that creates new bone. Bone builders
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Osteoblasts
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Maintains matrix by breaking down bone. Bone destroyers
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Osteoclasts
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Secures the periosteum to underlying bone
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Sharpey's Fibers
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A layer in an osteon of bone matrix
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Lamella
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Central core running through the center of each osteon
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Haversian Canal
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Canals that lie at right angles to the long axis of the bone, connecting the vascular and nerve supplies of the periosteum to the cental canal
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Volkmann's canal
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Internal bone surfaces covered with delicate connec tissue membrane - covers the trabeculae and lines canals of compact bone
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Endosteum
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The spongy bone of a flat bone
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diploe
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Fill the gaps between osteons
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interstitial lamallae
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Just deep to the periosteum - extends around the entire circmference of the diaphysis- resists twisting of bone
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Circumferential lamellae
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Osteoblasts- bone forming
Osteocytes- mature bone cells Osteoclasts-cells that destroy Osteoid- unmineralized matrix made of proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and collegan |
Organic components of bone
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Hydroxyapatities, or mineral salts, 65% of bone by mass - mainly calcium phosphates - responsible bone hardness
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Inorganic components of bone
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the process of bone tissue formation- form embryo skel. - bone growth until adult - bone thickness remodeling, repair
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Osteogenesis & ossification
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bone develops from a fibrous membrane- flat bones of skull and clavical
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Intramembranous ossification
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Uses hyaline cart "bones" as models for bone constr- requires breakdown of hyaline cart.
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Endochondral ossification
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bone formed by intramembranous ossification
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membrane bone
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