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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Scapula x8 |
Acromion (superior) Coracoid process (anterior) Glenoid fossa with infra and supraglenoid tubercles Posteriorly, the spine separates supraspinousand infraspinous fossae Anteriorly, the subscapular fossa takes up mostof the surface 3 angles – inferior, superior and lateral 3 borders – lateral, medial and superior 2 surfaces – costal and posterior |
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Clavicle x3 |
2 curves – the larger curve is medial· Articulates with the manubrium of the sternum atsternoclavicular joint and with the scapula at acromioclavicular joint Transmits forces to axial skeleton, strut tohold arm free from trunk, attaches muscles |
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Humerus x8 |
Head of humerus is separated from tubercles by anatomicalneck. Surgical neck – axillary nerve. Greater and lesser tubercles attach rotator cuffmuscles. Bicipital groove - lady/2majors Radial nerve runs in spiral groove· Capitulum articulates with radial head. There isa small radial fossa Trochlea articulates with trochlear notch of theulna Coronoid fossa fits coronoid of ulna onanterior, olecranon fits olecranon fossa on posterior FAT PADS Medial and lateral epicondyles = bony bits youcan feel on elbow and attachments/grooves |
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Radius x7 |
Head articulates with capitulum and radial fossaof ulna Radial tuberosity roughened for biceps tendon. Shaft has a lateral area of maximum convexityfor insertion of pronator teres· Distally, lateral aspect extends into styloidprocess - means adduction>abduction Posterior groove for EPL Dorsal/Lister’s tubercle on radial side A notch articulates with ulna |
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Ulna x6 |
Coronoid process and olecranon articulate withhumerus Shaft has subcutaneous border and a sharp marginfor IO membrane Ulna head with a small styloid process – lateralaspect a convex articular surface for radius Triangular with same 3 borders as radius (anterior, posterior, interosseous)· Posterior border palpable along entire length,anterior border rounded Roughening for pronator quadratus distally |
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Carpal bones - proximal row |
Scaphoid, lunate, triquetral and pisiform Pisiform is sesamoid |
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Carpal bones - distal row |
Trapezium, trapezois, capitate, hamate Intercarpal ligaments give stability |
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Small bones of the hand |
Base, shaft and head. Minimal movement at carpometacarpal apart from thumb which is sadle shaped. Phalanges are hinged joints and stabilised by radial and ulnar collateral ligaments |
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Joints of the girdle x4 |
Sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, glenohumeral and scapulothoracic |
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Sternoclavicular x5 |
Synovial joint between clavicular notch ofsternum and clavicle, and small part of 1st costal cartilage Fibrocartilaginous interarticular disc dividesinto 2 separate synovial cavities Elevation/depression by rocking clavicle on disc Protraction/retraction by rocking clavicle/discon manubrium Interclavicular ligament |
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Acromioclavicular x2 |
Small synovial joint permits small rotationabout all 3 axes Rotation here accounts for about half of the“glenoid up” rotation of scapula relative to chest wall |
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Glenmohumeral (1) x6 |
Synovial, wide range of movement at the cost ofstability Margins of glenoid fossa extended by a fibrocartilaginous glenoid labrum Surfaces covered by hyaline cartilage· Capsule extends to the anatomical neck and islax inferiorly to allow abduction Capsule strengthened by coracohumeral and 3anterior glenohumeral ligaments.Flexion/extension, abduction/adduction,medial/lateral rotation |
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Glenohumeral (2) x8 |
The 4 muscles of the rotator cuff –supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor and subscapularis hold the humeralhead in the glenoid, providing strength and dynamic stability· Abduction initiated by supraspinatus andcontinued by deltoid. Adduction by coracobrachialis, alsolady+2 majors· Lateral rotation by infraspinatus and teresminor· Medial rotation by subscapularis and teres major Blood supply is from nutrient arteries from anterior and posterior circumflex humeral Consistent bursae - subtendinous (under subscapularis) Aperture for biceps tendon and communication with subtendimous |
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Scapulothoracic x2 |
Allows increase shoulder movement beyond theinitial 120o from the glenohumeral joint· Can move in different planes and rotate |
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Intervertbtal joints x5 (5 ligaments) |
Synovial Strengthened by supraspinous and interspinous ligaments, connectingtips and base of spinous processes Intertransverse, connecting transverse processes Ligamentum flavum, connecting laminae Capsular ligaments of the joints betweenarticular facets 2 ligaments connect vertebral bodies and supportthe intervertebral disc – the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligamentsp[Vw2 |
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Elbow x6 |
Radial head articulates with ulna in supinationand pronation, and slides on capitulum in flexion/extension. Capsule attached to margins of articularsurfaces, lax anteriorly and posteriorly to permit full flexion/extension Maintained by congruous articular surfaces oftrochlea and trochlear fossa Medial and lateral collateral ligaments(radius/ulna to epicondyle) and anular ligament (neck of radius) Supination and pronation occur at distal andproximal radio-ulnar joints Median nerve and brachial artery anteriorly,ulnar nerve posteromedially and radial nerve anterolaterally. |
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Wrist x5 |
Synovial ellipsoid joints Concave surface of radius articulates withconvex scaphoid and lunate Head of ulna separated from triquetral by atriangular fibrocartilaginous disc, attached to edge of ulnar notch of radiusand base of ulnar styloid. It separates wrist from distal radioulnar joint. Capsule strengthened on either side by medialand lateral collateral ligaments which run from the styloids to the carpalbones· Adduction more extensive than abduction |
