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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
5 types of bones
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Flat, long, short, sesamoid, irregular
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Long bones
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Found only in limbs
Provide support Ex. Femur and humerus, phalanges of fingers and toes |
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Short bones
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Consist of cancellous bone containing red marrow
Thin outer layer of compact bone Minimum flexibility of motion Ex. Carpal and tarsals |
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Flat bones
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Consist largely of two tables of compact bone
Provide protection and muscle attachment Ex. Cranium, sternum, scapula |
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Irregular bones
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Compact bone exterior cancellous bone containing red bone marrow interior
Weird shape Provide attachment for muscles, tendons, ligaments, or attach to other bones to create joints Ex. Vertebrae, bones in pelvis and face |
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Sesamoid bones
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Small and oval
Develop inside and beside tendons Alter the direction of muscle pull and decrease friction Ex. 1st metatarsarophalangeal articulation of the foot, palmar aspect of the thumb, patella (kneecap)- largest |
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3 classifications of functional joints
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Synarthroses- immovable joints
Amphiarthroses- slightly movable Diarthroses- freely movable |
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3 classes of joints based on structure
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Fibrous
Cartilaginous Synovial |
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Fibrous joints
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Do not have a joint cavity
Strongest, virtually immovable |
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3 types of fibrous joints
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Syndesmosis- united by fibrous tissue
Suture- occur only in the skull, held together by strong connective tissues Gomphosis- only in roots of teeth |
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Cartilaginous joints
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Do not have joint cavity
Virtually immovable Hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage unite these joint |
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2 types of cartilaginous joints
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Symphysis- slightly movable, strength, shock absorbency
Ex. Joint between pubic bones, or vertebral body Synchondrosis- immovable, joint contains a rigid of cartilage that unites 2 bones. Ex. Epiphyseal plate |
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Synovial joints
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Wide range of motion
Freely movable Synovial fluid lubricates joint space to reduce friction between the joints Some contain meniscus (pad of fibrocartilage) Bursae |
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Bursae
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Synovial fluid filled sacs outside the main joint cavity
Help reduce friction between skin and bones, tendons and bones, muscles and bones |
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6 types of synovial joints
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Gliding
Hinge Pivot Ellipsoid Saddle Ball and socket |
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Gliding
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Uniaxial movement
Permit slight movement Flattened or slightly curved surface Ex. Intercarpals and intertarsal joints of wrist and foot |
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Hinge
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Uniaxial
Flexion and extension only Ex. Elbow, knee, and ankle |
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Pivot
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Uniaxial
Rotation around a single axis only Ex. Axis of cervical spine |
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Ellipsoid
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Biaxial movement
Movement in 2 directions at right angles to each other Ex. Radiocarpal joint of wrist |
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Saddle
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Biaxial movement
Side to side and up and down movement Ex. Carpometacarpal joint of the 1st digit |
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Ball and socket
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Multiaxial
Flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, circumduction, and rotation. Ex. Hip and shoulder |
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Basic functions of bone tissue and skeletal system
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Support
Protection Assistance in movement Mineral homeostasis Blood cell production Triglyceride storage |