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76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
_________ is a disorder of bone resorption.
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Osteopetrosis
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_________ is a disorder of bone formation.
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Osteogenesis imperfecta
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What are the disorders of bone remodeling?
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Congenital cortical hyperostosis
Craniomandibular osteopathy |
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What are the disorders of endochondral ossification?
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chondrodystrophies
osteochondrosis Osteochondrosis dissecans (OCD) Epiphysiolysis Cervical vertebral myelopathies |
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What disease is also called marble bone disease?
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Osteopetrosis (metaphyseal dysplasia)
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What disease causes the failure of osteoclasts to reabsorb (remodel) the primary spongiosa & secondary spongiosa?
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Osteopetrosis (metaphyseal dysplasia)
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What bone disorder causes the spongiosa to persist into the diaphysis?
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Osteopetrosis (metaphyseal dysplasia)
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What bone disorder causes the concurrent reduction of medullary spaces that causes spicules of bone to fill the medullary cavity causing aplatic anemia?
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Osteopetrosis (metaphyseal dysplasia)
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what bone disorder is also known as diaphyseal dysplasia?
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Congenital cortical hyperostosis
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What bone disorder is an autosomal recessive inherited disease of newborn pigs characterized by abnormal periosteal bone formation on major long bones of the limbs?
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Congenital cortical hyperostosis
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What bone disorder causes the growth plate to expand in diameter
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Congenital cortical hyperostosis
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What bone disorder primarily effects West Highland white or Scottish terrier dogs, is autosomal recessive and is also commonly called
"westie jaw"; "scottie jaw"; "lion jaw"? |
Craniomandibular osteopathy (CMO)
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What bone disorder causes new periosteal bone formation and irregular resorption?
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Craniomandibular osteopathy (CMO)
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What bone disorder effects the mandibular, occipital and temporal bones and tympanic bullae ?
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Craniomandibular osteopathy (CMO)
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What bone disorder causes 1° primary lesions in growth cartilage causing epiphyseal dysplasia?
(spider lamb in Suffolk and Hampshire sheep) |
Chondrodystrophies
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What bone disorder causes disproportionate dwarfism or
short-legged animals with normal-sized heads? |
Chondrodystrophies
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What bone disorder is a heterogenous group of lesions in growth cartilage of young animals characterized by focal or multifocal failure (or delay) of endochondral ossification?
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Osteochondrosis
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What bone disorder causes focal or multifocal retention of growth cartilage due to its failure to become mineralized and replaced by bone (a failure of endochondral ossification)?
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Osteochondrosis
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What bone disorder causes dysplastic wedges of cartilage in the growth plate (physis)?
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Osteochondrosis
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What are two common sites where Osteochondrosis might occur?
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distal femurs of pigs
proximal tibia of rapidly growing birds |
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What bone disorder refers to dysplasias at the AE complex that form clefts in the retained cartilage with subsequent fracture of the overlying articular cartilage resulting in a cartilaginous or osteochondral flap?
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Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD)
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What bone disorder results in a flap of cartilage that fractures off and becomes free in the joint space, which is called a joint mouse that could interfere with the mechanical movement of the joint?
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Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD)
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What bone disorder causes the complete seperation of the epiphysis from the metaphysis because of fissure formation horizonitally through the physis?
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Epiphysiolysis
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What type of bone disease could have different etiologies
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metabolic bone disease
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What type of bone disease could have the same etiology but produce different diseases?
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metabolic bone disease
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What metabolic bone disease is characterized by a decrease in bone mass (osteopenia), increase in bone fragility and has normally mineralized bone?
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Osteoporosis (atrophy)
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What metabolic bone disease causes an imbalance between bone formation and resorption in favor of resorption?
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Osteoporosis (atrophy)
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What are 4 causes of osteoporosis?
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calcium deficiency
malnutrition disuse toxicity |
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How does calcium deficiency cause osteoporosis?
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hypocalcemia causes increased output of PTH which causes increased bone resorption.
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What metabolic bone disease causes thin brittle "porous" bones and an increase in osteoclast activity by breaking up bone?
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osteoporosis
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What metabolic bone disease causes a reduction in the thickness of cortical bone and an increase in porosity
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osteoporosis
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________ is disease of immature bone.
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rickets
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________ is characterized by the failure of mineralization with subsequent bone deformities and fractures.
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rickets
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What metabolic bone disease causes the softening of bones in young growing animals due to defective mineralization of matrix?
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rickets
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What are the major causes of rickets?
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hypovitaminosis D (mainly)
also, deficiency of calcium and phosphorus due to dietary problems, malabsorption and renal disease. |
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WHat are the basic lesions seen with rickets?
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epiphyseal cartilage & bone
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What metabolic bone disease appear to have broad epiphyses, soft distorted bones, enlarged costochondral junctions (“rachitic rosary”, swollen cartilaginous joints and spontaneous fractures?
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rickets
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What is the metabolic bone disease of mature skeleton?
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osteomalacia
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What metabolic bone disease is similar to rickets in that it is a failure in the calcification of osteoid during the normal remodeling of bone associated w/ vit. D or P deficiencies?
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osteomalacia
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What metabolic bone disease is characterized by a failure of mineralization and a accumulation of excess unmineralized osteoid?
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osteomalacia
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What metabolic bone disease only effects the bone of adults after endochondral bone growth has ceased?
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osteomalacia
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What metabolic bone disease causes an abnormal quality of bone due to excess resorption and is characterized by increased osteoclastic resorption of bone and replacement by fibrous tissue?
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Fibrous osteodystrophy
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What is the etiology of Fibrous osteodystrophy?
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deficiency of Ca and vitamin D
high dietary Ca:P ratio severe renal disease ingestion of high oxalate plants (bind Ca) |
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Describe the pathogenesis of Fibrous osteodystrophy.
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Occurs from prolonged and excessive secretion of a parathyroid hormone (PTH).
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What is the cause of primary hyperparathyroidism?
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It is caused by active parathyroid hyperplasia or parathyroid adenomas
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What is the outcome of primary hyperparathyroidism?
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Excess PTH causing excess bone resorption, osteoid deposition and marrow fibroplasia.
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What is the most common form of hyperparathyroidism and how is it classified?
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secondary hyperparathyroidism
nutritional or renal. |
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How does nutritional hyperparathyroidism occur?
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Diets deficient in Ca+,
high in phosphorus All meat diets fed to dogs and cats Horses on high-grain/poor quality roughage. |
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________ is due to the failure of elimination of phosphorus from the urine (phosphate retention) causing hyperphosphatemia and the failure of the absorption of Ca causing hypocalcemia.
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renal hyperparathyroidism
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What is the form of fibrous osteodystrophy that occurs in horses?
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bran disease (nutritional)
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What is the form of fibrous osteodystrophy that occurs in dogs and cats?
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dogs (rubber jaw)
cats- renal disease (renal osteodystrophy) |
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What is the form of fibrous osteodystrophy that occurs in captive primates and reptiles?
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nutritional hyperparathyroidism.
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What nutritional deficiency occurs in calves and pigs fed unsupplemented rations of grain or old hay?
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Vit. A deficiency
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________ is a disease of young growing dogs of the large and giant breeds, which usually has spontaneous recovery.
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Hypertrophic osteodystrophy (HOD)
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________ is also known as metaphyseal osteopathy.
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Hypertrophic osteodystrophy (HOD)
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What hypertrophic bone disease occurs in humans (Marie’s disease) and domestic animals (most commonly in dogs)?
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Hypertrophic osteopathy, HOP (hypertrophic pulmonary osteopathy, HPO)
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What hypertrophic bone disease is accompanied by intrathoracic space-occupying masses
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Hypertrophic osteopathy, HOP (hypertrophic pulmonary osteopathy, HPO)
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Explain the pathogenesis of Hypertrophic osteopathy (hypertrophic pulmonary osteopathy).
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Accompanied by intrathoracic space-occupying mass Pulmonary anastomes allow circulating megakarocytes to bypass the lung, reach the periosteal surface and induce periosteal growth factors.
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Hypertrophic osteopathy is associated with what?
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rhabomyosarcoma of urinary bladder (young giant breed dogs)
ovarian neoplasms (horses) |
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What toxic osreodytrophic disease effects growing bones such the metatarsal, mandibles and the pelvis causing them to thicken due to excessive periosteal ossification.
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Osteofluorosis
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_______ causes ricket like lesions in bones.
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Osteofluorosis
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What toxic osteodytrophic disease isseen in adult cats fed mainly bovine livers?
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Hypervitaminosis A
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What syndrome does Hypervitaminosis A cause in cats?
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ankylosing cervical spondylosis caused by the periosteal surfaces of the vertebrae becoming roughened
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What toxic osteodytrophic disease causes spondylosis which is the fusion of adjacent vertebrae due to excess bone being laid down?
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Hypervitaminosis A
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What toxic osteodytrophic disease can produce bone lesions of osteosclerosis?
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Hypervitaminosis D
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What toxic osteodytrophic disease can cause excessive intestinal absorption of calcium, hypercalcemia , skeletal lesions and extraskeletal lesions?
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Hypervitaminosis D
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Describe the etiopathogenesis of Hypervitaminosis D.
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Acute massive exposure causing excessive intestinal absorption causing hypercalcemia and widespread soft tissue mineralization
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What type of lesions can occur with Hypervitaminosis D?
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skeletal lesions- denser skeleton due to inhibition of bone resorption and stimulation of bone formation.
extra skeletal lesions- calcification at multiple sites. |
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________ is a piece of necrotic bone isolated from the remaining viable bone becoming pale and chalky and can not be absorbed by osteoclasts.
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sequestrum
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What is the possible sequale to bone necrosis?
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mature bone
scar (callus) sequestrum inflammation > proliferation > exostosis |
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What is the significance of sequestrum?
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can't be absorbed by osteoclasts
small-may dissolve in the exudate or discharge w/ pus. Large- need to be surgically removed |
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What disease causes aseptic necrosis of the femoral head affecting young, small minature breed dogs
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Legg-Calve Perthe's disease
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Actinomyces bovis causes what disease in cattle?
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lumpy jaw mandibular osteomyelitis
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What is the most common skeletal neoplasm of dogs?
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osteosarcoma
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What skeletal neoplasm is mostly found in mature, large, giant breed dogs?
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osteosarcoma
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What is significant about the lesions of osteosarcoma?
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They first effect the extremities of long bones than can metastasize to other organs.
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