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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the 4 regions of long bones?
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1. Diaphysis
2. Epiphysis 3. Epiphyseal plate/disc (growth plate) 4. Metaphysis |
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Which end is the articular end of the bone?
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Epiphysis
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Which region of the bone is the transitional area between diaphysis & epiphyseal plate?
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Metaphysis
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The shaft of the bone is also known as?
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Diaphysis
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Growth region between diaphysis & epiphysis is known as?
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Epiphyseal plate
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Organic component of bone is what percentage?
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35%
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What accounts for 80-90% organic component of bone matrix?
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Type I collagen
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Which glycosaminoglycans are present in organic matrix of bone?
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CHondroiton sulfate & keratan sulfate
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Which glycoproteins are present in organic matrix of bone?
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1. Osteocalcin
2. Osteonectin 3. Osteopontin 4. Bone sialoprotein |
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Osteogenic (osteoprogenitor) cells are found where?
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Deepest layer of periosteum & endosteum
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Osteoprogenitor cells are derived from which embryonic tissue?
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Mesenchyme
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On what surfaces of bone are osteoblasts found?
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Periosteal & endosteal surfaces
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Osteoblasts communicate by?
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Gap junctions
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Osteoblasts contain large amounts of rough ER & have a large golgi apparatus why?
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Primary role of osteoblasts = secrete bone matrix
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When does an osteoblast become an osteocyte?
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Once the osteoblast surrounds itself w/ matrix it becomes an osteocyte
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What is the main role of osteocytes?
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Maintain bone matrix & mechanotransduction
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Which type of bone cell are large multinucleated cells?
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Osteoclasts
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How are osteoclasts attached to bone?
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Osteoclasts attach to bone by sealing zone "Clear zone"
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Rank receptor is located on which cells?
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Osteoclast precursor cells
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What must take place in order for osteoclast precursor cell to differentiate into active osteoclast?
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Rank receptor must bind Rank ligand
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What are the types of bone?
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1. Compact bone
2. Spongy bone |
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Which type of bone is laid down in haversian systems (osteons)?
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Compact bone
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What are osteons (haversian systems)
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Series of concentric lamellae w/ a canal containing blood vessels & nerves in center
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What are the 3 types of lamellae?
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1. Haversian (concentric)- form osteon
2. Interstitial- between osteons 3. Circumferential- arounds outside & inside of bone |
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Bone is laid down from outside to in or inside out?
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Bone build from outside to inside
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What is the connective tissue covering of bone called?
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Periosteum
-Fibrous layer -Osteogenic layer |
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What is the inner surface of bone lining the marrow cavity called?
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Endosteum
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What is found in the endosteum?
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Active osteoblasts & osteoclasts
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How do trabeculae strengthen bone?
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Diffuse stresses on bone
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The periosteum of the skull is called?
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Pericranium
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Bones of skull have 2 external bony tables separated by spongy bone called?
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Diploic bone
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Which type of marrow consists of developing blood cells, contains reticular cells & fibers and has abudant sinusoids?
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Red marrow
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Which type of marrow has adipose tissue found within medullary cavtiy?
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Yellow marrow
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What are sharpey's fibers?
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Collagen fibers from periosteum or from tendons/ligaments that become embedded in bone matrix
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Which vitamins are essential to healthy bone?
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1. Vit C- collagen
2. Bit D |
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Calcitonin is secreted by?
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Thyroid gland
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Which hormone inhibits osteoclast activity & promotes urinary excretion of calcium & phosphate?
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Calcitonin
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Which hormone stimulates bone resorption & elevates blood calcium levels?
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PTH
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How does intramembranous bone formation occur?
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-Osteoblats produce small bony spicules
-Bony spicules fuse to form larger bone tissue -Bone is then remodeled by osteoclasts & osteoblasts |
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Where does periosteal bony collar form in Endochondral bone formation?
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Diaphysis
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When does the marrow cavity begin to form in endochondral bone formation?
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Once cartilage is calcified in diaphysis -- blood vessels & CT invade & marrow cavity begins forming
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Where do secondary centers of ossificiation form in endochondral bone formation?
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Epiphyses
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A layer of hyaline cartilage remains where during endochondral bone formation?
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Between epiphysis & diaphysis-- forms epiphyseal disc
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What are the 5 zones of cartilage forming the epiphyseal disc?
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1. Quiescent or reserve zone
2. Proliferative zone 3. Zone of maturation or hypertorphy 4. Zone of calcification 5. Zone of ossificiation |
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In which zone of epiphyseal disc are chondrocytes not actively dividing or producing matrix?
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Quiescent or reserve zone
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In which zone of epiphyseal disc are cells undering mitoses & line up in colums?
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Proliferative zone
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In which zone do cells become very large & full of glycogen-- matrix is compressed into narrow bands between columns of cells?
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Zone of maturation or hypertrophy
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In which zone do cells die & cartilage matrix becomes calcified?
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Zone of calcification
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In which zone is bone laid down on spicules of calcified cartilage & bone is then remodeled?
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Zone of ossification
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What happens when bone is done growing in length?
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Epiphyseal disc becomes ossified --> no further growth possible
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What is the function of periosteal osteoblasts when bone grows in diameter?
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Periosteal osteoblasts lay new bone appositionally --> increasing bone diameter
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What is the function of endosteal osteaoblasts in bone growth in diameter?
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Endosteal osteoclasts resorb bone --> Increase size of marrow cavity
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What are secondary ossification centers?
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After initial bone formation by endochondral ossification --> other parts of cartilage model begin to ossifiy
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Which type of bone has abundant osteocytes & irregularly arranged collagen fibers?
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Primary (immature, woven) bone
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Which type of bone is lamellar, osteocytes less abundunt & more evening spaced & collagen fibers parallel w/ in lamella?
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Secondary (mature) bone
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