Bone Formation And Growth

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intramembranous bone formation

Back 1

process by which bone tissue is created. cartilage is not present.

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endochondral (intercartilaginous) bone formation

Back 2

process by which bone tissue is created. cartilage is present. long bones form and grow by this process. fractures heal by this process.

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primary center of ossification

Back 3

first site where ossification occurs. middle of diaphysis.

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periosteal collar

Back 4

cuff of periosteal bone that forms around the diaphysis of the hyaline cartilage model in developing long bones.

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periosteal bud

Back 5

vascular connective tissue from the periosteum growing through apertures in the periosteal bone collar into the cartilage matrix of the primary center of ossification.

Front 6

hypertrophy

Back 6

the increase in the volume of an organ or tissue due to the enlargement of its component cells.

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calcification

Back 7

process in which calcium salts build up in soft tissue, causing it to harden.

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ossification

Back 8

process of laying down new bone material by cells called osteoblasts. It is synonymous with bone tissue formation.

Front 9

osteogenesis

Back 9

production of bone.

Front 10

mixed spicule

Back 10

has a core of calcified cartilage that is covered by a layer of new bone.

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diaphysis

Back 11

main or mid section (shaft) of a long bone. It is made up of cortical bone and usually contains bone marrow and adipose tissue (fat).

Front 12

metaphysis

Back 12

wider portion of a long bone adjacent to the epiphyseal plate. It is this part of the bone that grows during childhood; as it grows, it ossifies near the diaphysis and the epiphyses.

Front 13

epiphysis

Back 13

rounded end of a long bone, at its joint with adjacent bone(s)

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epiphyseal plate

Back 14

a hyaline cartilage plate in the metaphysis at each end of a long bone. The plate is found in children and adolescents;

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growth plate

Back 15

another name for epiphyseal plate

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growth hormone

Back 16

peptide hormone that stimulates growth, cell reproduction and regeneration in humans and other animals.

Front 17

somatoropin

Back 17

growth hormone produced naturally in animals

Front 18

pituitary dwarfism

Back 18

Extreme shortness in humans with proportional body parts usually has a hormonal cause

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gigantism

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condition characterized by excessive growth and height significantly above average. In humans, this condition is caused by over-production of growth hormone in childhood before the long bone epiphyses

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acromegaly

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syndrome that results when the anterior pituitary gland produces excess growth hormone (GH) after epiphyseal plate closure at puberty.

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thyroxine

Back 21

form of thyroid hormones, is the major hormone secreted by the follicular cells of the thyroid gland.

Front 22

osteoclast-stimulating hormone

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parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Front 23

calcitonin

Back 23

linear polypeptide hormone that is produced in humans primarily by the parafollicular cells of thyroid. It acts to reduce blood calcium (Ca2+), opposing the effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH).

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parafollicular cells

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(also called C cells) are cells in the thyroid that produce and secrete calcitonin.

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C cells

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another name for parafollicular cells

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parathyroid hormone

Back 26

secreted by the chief cells of the parathyroid glands. acts to increase the concentration of calcium (Ca2+) in the blood

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parathyroid gland

Back 27

small endocrine glands in the neck that produce parathyroid hormone. control the amount of calcium in the blood and within the bones.

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rickets

Back 28

softening of bones in children due to deficiency or impaired metabolism of vitamin D, magnesium,[1] phosphorus or calcium,[2] potentially leading to fractures and deformity.

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osteomalacia

Back 29

softening of the bones caused by defective bone mineralization secondary to inadequate amounts of available phosphorus and calcium, or because of overactive resorption of calcium from the bone as a result of hyperparathyroidism. called rickets in children

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osteoporosis

Back 30

disease of bones that leads to an increased risk of fracture.

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osteopetrosis

Back 31

literally "stone bone", also known as marble bone disease and Albers-Schonberg disease is an extremely rare inherited disorder whereby the bones harden, becoming denser

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scurvy

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disease resulting from a deficiency of vitamin C, which is required for the synthesis of collagen in humans.

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vitamin D3

Back 33

synthesized by humans in the skin when it is exposed to ultraviolet B (UVB) rays from sunlight.maintain normal blood levels of calcium and phosphorus. aids in the absorption of calcium, helping to form and maintain strong bones.

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1,25-dihydroxycholecaclciferol

Back 34

hormonally active form of vitamin D with three hydroxyl groups. It increases the level of calcium (Ca2+) in the blood by (1) increasing the uptake of calcium from the gut into the blood, (2) decreasing the transfer of calcium from blood to the urine by the kidney, and (3) increasing the release of calcium into the blood from bone

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diarthroses

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Any of several types of bone articulation permitting free motion in a joint, as that of the shoulder or hip.

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synarthroses

Back 36

A form of articulation in which the bones are rigidly joined by fibrous tissue.

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synostosis

Back 37

means fusion of two bones, it can be normal in puberty, fusion of the epifyse, or abnormal (type of dysostosis).

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synchondrosis

Back 38

cartilaginous joint where the connecting medium is hyaline cartilage. e.g. where rib meets sternum.

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syndesmosis

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slightly movable articulation where the contiguous bony surfaces are united by an interosseous ligament

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synovial fluids

Back 40

viscous fluid found in the cavities of synovial joints