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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Osteoblasts |
Lay down osteoid |
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Osteocytes |
Mature osteoblasts |
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Osteoclasts |
Remodel bone so new bone can be laid donw - Howship's lacunae |
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Howship's lacunae |
Microscopic bone concavities due to bone resportion |
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Osteoid |
Non-mineralized matrix |
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Matrix consists of |
Collagen, glycoproteins, mineral (calcium hydroxyapatite) |
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Achondroplasia |
Defect of endochondral ossification - causes dwarfism - long bone growth retarded (normal trunk) |
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Achondroplasia genetics |
Autosomal dominant |
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Osteogenesis imperfecta |
Defective bone formation - mutations in gene encoding collagen I (principal component of osteoid) |
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Osteogenesis imperfecta age of presentation |
Depends upon extent of gene defects (early as birth, can be later than puberty) |
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Osteogenesis imperfecta other defects |
Blue sclerae (whites of eyes), thick skin, thin dental enamel |
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Osteomyelitis |
Bacterial infection of bone |
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Osteomyelitis presentation |
Acute infection which may progress to chronic |
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Sequestra |
Nectrotic (devitalized) bone cut off from blood supply |
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Involucrum |
Reactive bone formed to wall off infection |
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Osteoporosis |
Bone normal but thinned out - absolute reduction of total bone mass |
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Osteoporosis causes |
Primary - disease of eldery, or secondary - hormonal problems, dietary etc. |
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Osteoporosis hormonal causes |
Increased thyroid, increased cortisol, decreased estrogen |
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Type 1 osteoporosis |
Postmenopause - trabecular (spongy) bone (vertebrae, wrist) |
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Type 2 osteoporosis |
Old age - cortical (compact) and trabecular bone of long bones |
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Osteomalacia |
Abnormal bone - normal tissue not calcified - inadequate mineralization of organic matrix |
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Osteomalacia causes |
Vitamin D deficiency of hypophosphatemia |
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Thin bones |
Osteoporosis |
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Soft bones |
Osteomalacia |
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Rickets |
Osteomalacia in young people |
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Tetany caused by |
Osteomalacia - muscle spasms
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Rachitic rosary is a symptom of |
Osteomalacia in children |
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Simple fracture |
One fracture line; bone not exposed to environment |
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Compound fracture |
One fracture line; bone exposed to environment |
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Comminuted fracture |
Several fragments |
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Complete fracture |
Cortex to cortex |
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Incomplete fracture |
Part way through bone |
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Greenstick |
Incomplete fracture |
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Closed fracture |
Skin is not broken |
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Callus |
Any stage of fracture healing |
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Fracture healing process |
See slide 18 |
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Debridement |
Removal of necrotic tissue - fracture treatment |
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Pseudoarthrosis |
False joint - fibrous non-union - body does not attempt to heal fracture |
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Osteosarcoma |
Long bone tumor in metaphysis |
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Osteosarcoma sex |
M:F 2:1 |
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Osteosarcoma age |
10-25 |
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Osteoarthritis |
Wear and tear of articular cartilage |
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Osteoarthritis denuded bone (eburnation) |
Polished bone |
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Osteoarthritis Heberden's nodes |
Osteophytes (bony spicules) |
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Osteoarthritis crepitus |
Grating on movement |
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Osteoarthritis ulnar drift |
Not seen |
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Rheumatoid arthritis |
Systemic autoimmune disease affecting synovial joints - chronic symmetric inflammation |
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Rheumatoid arthritis etiology |
Unknown |
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Rheumatoid arthritis synovitis |
Exudation of fluid and inflammatory cells into joint |
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Rheumatoid arthritis pathological changes are due to |
Pannus - granulation tissue from ingrowth of vessels and synovial cells - secretes lytic enzymes and inflammatory mediators to destroy cells |
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Rheumatoid arthritis ankylosis |
Intra-articular space obliterated (immobilized joint) |
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Rheumatoid arthritis onset |
Insidious - systemic symtoms |
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Rheumatoid arthritis contractures |
Shortening of joint tissue - causes ulnar drift |
