Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are ionic bonds formed between?
|
Metal and non-metal
|
|
What are covalent bonds formed between?
|
Two non-metals
|
|
What are metallic bonds formed between?
|
Two metals
|
|
What happens to electrons in ionic bonding?
|
They are gained and lost
|
|
What happens to electrons in covalent bonding?
|
They are shared
|
|
What is formed in metallic bonding?
|
An alloy
|
|
What is the sequence of electrons in shells?
|
2,8,8
|
|
When metals lose their outer shell electrons they become ...., which is postively/negatively charged.
|
Cations
Positively |
|
When metals gain outer shell electrons they become ...., which is postively/negatively charged.
|
Anions
Negatively |
|
In metallic bonding how is the structure held together?
|
By the attraction of positive cations and negative sea of electrons
|
|
Why can metals conduct electricity?b
|
They can easily move in response to a change
|
|
What happens to the lost electrons in metallic bonding?
|
They are delocalised in a sea of electrons and are free to move
|
|
What shape do cations form in metallic bonding?
|
A giant lattice arrangement
|
|
Define 'malleable'
|
It is easy to alter the shape and keep the attraction
|
|
Metals ... electrons in ionic bonding
|
Lose
|
|
Non-metals ... electrons in ionic bonding
|
Gain
|
|
Give the charge on ion for groups 1-8
|
1 = +1
2 = +2 3 = +3 4 = nothing 5 = -3 6 = -2 7 = -1 8 = nothing |
|
What is the charge of an ionic compound?
|
Neutral
|
|
OILRIG
|
Oxidation is Loss
Reduction is Gain |
|
How are ionic compounds held together?
|
Very strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions to form crystals
|
|
Describe the structure of an ionic compound
|
Giant 3-Dimensional lattive held together by the attraction of oppositely charged ions
|
|
Are the MP/BP of ionic compounds high or low? Why?
|
High because a lot of energy is needed to overcome the strong electrostatic forces
|
|
Are ionic compounds soluble in water?
|
Mostly
|
|
Do ionic compounds conduct electricity?
|
Not in solid state because ions are in fixed positions but when moletn/dissolved they can because ions are free to move
|
|
What is the relation of charge to MP/BP
|
Electrostatic forces are less in ions with a lower charge and therefore a lower charge will have a lower boiling point and melting point
|
|
Give the formula for;
Hydrogen chloride Water Hydrogen Methane Chlorine Ammonia Ethane Oxygen Carbon Dioxide Nitrogen Ethene |
Hydrogen chloride; HCl
Water; H2O Hydrogen; H2 Methane; CH4 Chlorine; Cl2 Ammonia; NH3 Ethane; C2H6 Oxygen; O2 Carbon Dioxide; CO2 Nitrogen; N2 Ethene; C2H4 |
|
What is the difference between intermolecular bonds and the bonds between the simple molecules in covalent bonding?
|
Intermolecular = weak
Simple molecules = strong |
|
What are the MP/BPs like in covalent bonding and why?
|
Low because intermolecular forces are responsible for MP/BPs and these are weak
|
|
At low temperatures, what hapens to covalent bonds?
|
The forces become strong and a crystal is formed.
|
|
Name two common allotropes of carbon
|
Graphite and diamond
|
|
Describe the structure of diamond
|
Each carbon atom is bonded to four others
|
|
Describe the structure of graphite
|
A layered structure that is held together by attraction of delocalised electrons. The forces between layers are weak.
|
|
Describe use for diamond.
|
Cutting hard objects
|
|
Describe use for graphite and why
|
Lubricant because layers can slide
|
|
Give the charges of;
ammonium hydroxide sulphate phosphate nitrate carbonate hydrogen-carbonate |
ammonium; NH4 +
hydroxide; OH - sulphate; SO4 2- phosphate; PO4 3- nitrate; NO3 - carbonate; CO3 2- hydrogen-carbonate; HCO3 - |