Body Structure And Function - Exam 3

Front 1

Where is the heart located?

Back 1

The heart is located just behind and slightly left of the breastbone.

Front 2

What part of the heart is the apex?

Back 2

The apex of the heart is the lowest superficial part of the heart.

Front 3

Where is the base of the heart located?

Back 3

It is directed superiorly (up), posteriorly (back) and to the right.

Front 4

What layer of the heart is the outer layer of the wall of the heart. It is composed of connective tissue covered by epithelium; also known as the visceral pericardium?

Back 4

Epicardium

Front 5

What layer of the heart is the muscular middle layer of the wall of the heart and is composed of spontaneously contracting cardiac muscle fibers which allow the heart to contract?

Back 5

Myocardium

Front 6

What layer of the heart is the inner layer of the heart. It consists of epithelial tissue and connective tissue?

Back 6

Endocardium

Front 7

Name the three layers of the heart.

Back 7

1. Epicardium
2. Myocardium
3. Endocardium

Front 8

Where is the pericardial sac?

Back 8

The pericardial sac is the membrane surrounding the heart.

Front 9

Name the four chambers of the heart.

Back 9

Left Atrium
Right Atrium
Left Ventricle
Right Ventricle

Front 10

What is the name of the partition that separates the left and right atria?

Back 10

The interatrial septum separates the atria.

Front 11

What separates the right and left ventricles?

Back 11

The interventricular septum separates the ventricles.

Front 12

What are the four main valves in the heart and their location?

Back 12

Tricuspid valve - located between the right atrium and the right ventricle.

Pulmonary valve - located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.

Mitral valve - located between the left atrium and the left ventricle.

Aortic valve - located between the left ventricle and the aorta.

Front 13

What are the functions of each heart valve?

Back 13

Tricuspid valve - prevents back-flow of blood back into the right atrium.

Pulmonary valve - prevents back-flow of blood back into the right ventricle.

Mitral valve - prevents back-flow of blood back into the left atrium.

Aortic valve - prevents back-flow of blood back into the left ventricle.

Front 14

What are the four major blood vessels of the heart?

Back 14

1. Vena cava
2. Pulmonary vein
3. Pulmonary artery
4. Aorta

Front 15

List the order of where the blood flows starting with the right atrium.

Back 15

1. Right Atrium
2. Tricuspid
3. Right Ventricle
4. Pulmonary Valve
5. Pulmonary Trunk (artery)
6. Lungs
7. Pulmonary Circulation
8. Pulmonary Veins
9. Left Atrium
10. Mitral (bicuspid)
11. Left Ventricle
12. Aortic Valve
13. Body Circulation
14. Vena Cava

Front 16

Define systole.

Back 16

Systole is the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle contracts and pumps blood from the chambers into the arteries. THINK SQUEEZING A FIST.

Front 17

Define diastole.

Back 17

Diastole is the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle relaxes and allows the chambers to fill with blood. THINK RELAXING A SQUEEZED FIST.

Front 18

What are the two main heart sounds and their basis?

Back 18

S1 is caused by turbulence caused by the closure of mitral and tricuspid valves at the start of systole.

S2 is caused by the closure of aortic and pulmonic valves, marking the end of systole.

Front 19

What is the function of the heart's electrical conduction system?

Back 19

To make the heart contract and make blood flow happen.

Front 20

What are the components of the electrical conduction system of the heart?

Back 20

1. SA Node
2. A-V Node
3. A-V Bundle
4. Purkinje Fibers

Front 21

What is the basis for the electrocardiogram?

Back 21

The electrocardiogram is a graphic representation of the nerve impulses passing through the conduction system.

Front 22

Name the major deflections (waves) of the electrocardiogram.

Back 22

1. P-wave
2. QRS complex
3. T-wave

Front 23

What are the factors that control heart rate?

Back 23

1. Nervous system
2. Body temperature
3. Electrolyte balance
4. Receptor sites
5. Blood flow
6. Medications

Front 24

Relate the path of general (systemic) circulation to its appropriate heart chambers and great vessels.

Back 24

1. Left ventricle
2. Aorta
3. Systemic arteries
4. Systemic capillaries
5. Systemic veins
6. Vena cava
7. Right atrium

Front 25

Relate the path of pulmonary circulation to its appropriate heart chambers and great vessels.

Back 25

1. Right atrium
2. Right ventricle
3. Pulmonary arteries
4. Pulmonary capillaries
5. Pulmonary veins
6. Left atrium

Front 26

Contrast the functions of pulmonary circulation in terms of oxygen and carbon dioxide levels.

Back 26

Transport and deliver carbon dioxide to lungs; pick up and transport oxygen away from lungs; help maintain blood pressure and correct direction of flow

Front 27

Contrast the functions of general circulation in terms of oxygen and carbon dioxide levels.

Back 27

Transport and deliver oxygen and nutrients to tissues; pick up and transport carbon dioxide away from tissues; regulate body temp.;help maintain blood pressure and correct direction of flow

Front 28

Name the three different types of blood vessels.

Back 28

Arteries, capillaries, veins

Front 29

What are arteries and what do they do?

Back 29

Arteries carry oxygenated blood and its products away from ventricles systemically. Their pressure is relatively high.