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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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consciousness
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awareness of oneself and the environment
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biological rhythm
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a periodic, more or less regular fluctuation in a biological system; it may or may not have psychological implications.
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entrainment
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the synchronization of biological rhythms with external cues, such as fluctuations in daylight
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endogenous
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rhythms generated from within
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exogenous
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rhythms triggered from outside
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Circadian Rhythms (example)
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A biological rhythm with a period of about 24 hours (sleep, wake cycle, endogenous)
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Infradian Rhythms (example)
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"infrequent" e.g. monthly (menstrual cycle)
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Ultradian Rhythms (example)
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"really often", cycles occur several timers per day (90 minute cycle of consciousness)
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SCN
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An area of the brain containing a biological clock that governs circadian rhythms - responds to changes in light, etc... (governs melatonin etc...)
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melatonin
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A hormone secreted by the pineal gland; it increases in dark and falls in light.
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internal desynchronization (is it easier to adjust to moving the clocks forward or back?)
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Can happen due to jet lag - circadian rhythms may take a few days to reset.
(gaining an hour is easier than losing an hour) |
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Seasonal affective disorder
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a controversial disorder in which a person experiences depression during the winter and and improvement of mood in the spring
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Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
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physical changes in the body, but some believe it affects their emotion too.
Both males and females suffer from PMS Most don’t experience emotional changes due to PMS Doesn’t affect proficiency, efficiency in workplace |
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REM (rapid eye movement) sleep characteristics
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leep periods characterized by muscle tone, and vivid dreams.
Mind is extremely active, body inactive A very important part of sleep, all mammals do it. Linked to memory - those deprived of REM sleep don’t remember well what was learned the previous day. |
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What kind of dreams are associated with NREM
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Night terrors (ages 7-12) - sleepwalking
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What percentage of sleep is REM?
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25% (50 for babies)
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Beta waves
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awake and alert
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Alpha waves
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awake but relaxed, daydreaming
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Sleep spindles
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stage 2 of sleep
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Delta Waves
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Deep sleep
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Theta waves
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stage 1 of sleep
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What happens to brain waves as we progress in sleep
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They become less frequent, but higher amplitudes
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REM Rebound
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happens if we miss a night of sleep, we make up for it by extended periods of REM sleep
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REM behavior disorder
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mostly males over 60; rare, can't keep REM under control
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Insomnia
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can't sleep or stay asleep
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sleep apnea
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stops breathing 20-30 seconds causing the person to choke and gasp, and momentarily awaken
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narcolepsy
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genetic 1/2000, person has a sudden sleep seizure during day and slips into cataplexy and REM or sees hypnogogic images from Stage 1.
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Scanning Hypothesis
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REM is an attempt to "watch our dreams" as we would move our eyes during the day
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Post traumatic stress disorder
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dreams constantly replay scene of intense trauma.
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Consolidation
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REM helps sort through thoughts and save good memories and dump useless ones.
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lucid dream
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a dream in which the dreamer is aware of dreaming
involves "dissociation" from your body |
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Freudian dream theory
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Dreams are connected to our unconscious desires. Objects in dreams symbolize actual people or problems.
Manifest content v. latent content |
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Manifest content
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the physical content in a dream
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Latent content
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the symbolism of the dream
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Problem - Focused Theory
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Dreams reflect our conscious concerns, our worries, or help us to resolve problems.
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Cognitive Theory
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Our dreams are the same as what we might normally think about while we’re awake. Cognitive approach.
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Activation-Synthesis Theory
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dreaming results from the cortical synthesis (cortex) and interpretation of neural signals triggered by activity in the lower part of the brain (pons).
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What two theories does the Activation-Information theory combine
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Problem-Focused Theory and Cognitive Theory
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What are the five theories of REM
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Psychoanalytic, Problem-Focused, Cognitive, Activation-Synthesis, Activation-Information
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hypnosis
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state of consciousness in which a person is especially susceptible to suggestion.
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Dissociative theory of hypnosis
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One part of mind dissociates from the rest of consciousness and looks on.
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Sociocognitive theory of hypnosis
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hypnotized person is simply responding to his social interaction with the hypnotist
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